hey everyone it's Sarah register nurse ran.com and in this video I'm going to be doing an inlex review over Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis and what I want to do in this video is I want to break this material down from those two in-depth lectures I done on Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and let you see the similarities and the differences between these two diseases and as always in the YouTube description below or at the end of this YouTube video you can access access the quiz that will test you on Crohn's and ulcerative colitis so let's get started first let's start out talking about the similarities between Crohn's and ulcerative colitis okay they are both a form of IBD which stands for inflammatory bowel disease don't get this confused with IBS irritable bowel syndrome two completely different things so they're both IBD and they both cause inflammation and ulcer form the big difference is what you'll see next is the extent from what layers they affect um the cause of Crohn's and alternative citis is not really known still researching it but they know it's due to a faulty immune system in overdrive which is causing massive inflammation in the intestinal lining and it may be triggered by environment like maybe the person consumes a lot of dairy products could be caused by stress or illness bacterial or viral or usage of inets things like that and it tends to be genetic so it runs in families each disease process is followed up by flareups where they'll have massive inflammation and then they'll go into remission where they have no symptoms so you have that tissue being aggravated and inflamed then it starts to heill and then it's aggravated inflamed again so you'll have that buildup of that scar tissue and just really losing that Integrity of that lining there are various types of Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis based on their location and I went in depth in those videos about Crohn's and ulcer of Claus so be sure to check out those videos if you want to learn the specific types but just to give you an example with ulcerative colitis you can have a form called pan colitis and we know the ulcerative colitis affects the large intestin the colon and pancolitis means that this whole large intestin is inflamed then on the flip side you have with crohn's um it tends to affect the terminal of the ilium but um you can have a type called iloc colitis where the inflammation is really just in your ilum and in your colon now with each type there is an increased risk of colon cancer so patients need to be screened for that disease um because these patients will have flare ups and remission they really need to watch what they're eating during those flare ups and to help prevent one so they'll want to watch um eating foods that are high fiber hard to digest and high-fiber foods would be like your raw fruits and vegetables hard to digest would be like popcorn corn nuts things that are really just hard on the digestive system to really have to go down them in there and break it up because um the digestive system is inflamed and it's not working properly so it's not really going to be able to do its job um other things are like fatty foods spicy foods dairy products and foods that tend to be allergens for people um wheat fish things like that and on the flip side they'll want to consume foods that are easy on that digestive system that don't take a lot of work to break down like low fiber foods like white rice or cooked vegetables and fruits that have been skinned cuz that breaks down that fiber and and high protein and to stay hydrated now let's look at the differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis okay starting with crohn's disease Crohn's disease tends to affect the whole GI tract so from the mouth to the anus and it's most commonly found in the terminal ilium and the beginning of the colon so over here and this is our ilium and at the end of the ilium is a terminal ilum and the beginning of the colon so it'll be about in this region now with ulcer of colitis it tends to affect only the large intestine which is your colon and the rectum now ulcerative colitis tends to start in the rectum and that inflammation the disease parts will um start to migrate in a continuous fashion throughout the large intestine and with your most severe cases you can have it in the rectum all the way throughout and um some patients may only have it in the rectum some in the sigmoid so it really depends on the case now um with crohn's disease it is a little bit different it can be found in scattered patches throughout not continuous like with ulcer of citis so you may have some here maybe some there and it's just spread throughout you can even have it up in this area as well and you will find healthy lining among disease lining they'll be together and whenever the patient gets scoped the GI doctor May find what looks like a cobblestone appearance to that lining because of that now with crohn's disease your entire lining of your intestinal wall is affected to the Sosa so that whole bow wall is just inflamed and which will be why you will see some unique complications which will go over here in a moment now with ulcerative colitis it tends to affect the Inner Line Ling of the intestinal wall so from the mucosa to the sub mucosa so it tends to be a little bit more superficial now with ulcer of colitis it's managed with medications and diet and the medications for crones and all sort of colitis the category of drugs tend to be the same like um your five Amino silicate and your cortico steroids which are anti-inflammatories um and your immune suppressors which suppress the immune system you have regular ones that suppress it suppresses it and then you have the biological types which are the tnf blockers which is a protein that is blocked that plays a role in the inflammatory process and I discussed those in depth in those other review lectures now with alternative colitis um a cure is surgery where they can go in and remove that whole colon and the rectum which is a colectomy and whenever they do that they may create an ostomy which is a um surgical opening where they br part of the ilium up to the surface of the skin so the patient can excrete stool out of there instead of the rectum because they don't have the rectum anymore or um an ILO anal an asmosis um J pouch surgery where they will actually remove the colon and the rectum and a pouch is created that attaches to that ilium and um stool can pass to the anus so they won't need an osty now with croh there is no cure surgery doesn't help because why thing back um why wouldn't it help because you can have Crohn's here here here throughout and we can't go and just remove all of this because we need this to live so um there's some surgeries they can have which surgery really just helps with the quality of life and improve symptoms like a bowel resection they can go and remove this part of the disease bowel and reconnect healthy with healthy or a partial or total collecty where they're just removing that large intestine they can have the creation of the iloy and again the medications are the same they manage this with diet now let's look at our complications okay with crohn's disease um and alternative colitis for testing purposes you really want to be aware of what complications are in each condition because test like to ask that so um complications with Crohn because remember our whole bow wall is being affected and to help you remember uh the complications remember this pneumonic because there's a couple there's several complications abscessing fistulas may form sepsis and each word will correlate with this complic complication so abscesses um what can happen is that in that intestinal wall a pocket can form and you get all this bacteria stuff that festers and it forms infection and they can rupture um which can cause a fistula specific specifically anal anal abscesses can do that and a fistula is another complication and this is where you've have an opening created that acts as a Channel or a passage that is either connected to an intestine to intestine intestine to organ like the bladder or intestine to the skin surface which is not good because our body is not meant to have fistulas and that can cause a bunch of problems in sepsis also malnourishment um people with Chron disease are more likely to have malnourishment than patients with ulcer of colitis and let's think back to why okay um with the small intestine that is usually what's affected in Crohn and what does our small intestine do it absorbs most of our nutrients we take in from the food but if it's inflamed we can't absorb that nutrients it's just going to fly through there and be emptied out so we won't get it so um they'll have electrolyte imbalances and have issues with that and Bone problems um Fishers specifically anal Fishers and these are little tears on the skin and this is due to the loss of that bowel integrity and they can bleed and things like that and be painful all the last one strictures and um this can lead to ballop struction and strictures are where your intestinal wall CU normally your intestines are nice and open and the reason they're open is to let food flow through but with croh you can have those flare ups and remission flare ups and remission and you can build up that scar tissue which starts to narrow that wall or you can have so much inflammation that it obstructs the wall so um if you already have some narrowing of your intestines and you have food flowing through there say the patient ate some corn or something like that it can block that little narrow opening and you can have a bile obstruction and a lot of patients who do have Crohn's disease at some sometime depending on the severity of their disease they will H probably have to have what's called a stricture plasty to go in and fix that now let's look at the complications of ulcerative colitis with ulcerative colitis you can have rupture of the bowel where um that ulcer has formed it's just became so deep it's made a hole in that intestinal lining and it's just um spilling its contents into the abdominal cavity they can get peritonitis and things like that um toxic meacon let the name help you Mega colon the colon becomes enlarge due to that inflammation so it dilates and it's dilating and it becomes paralyzed so it's not doing anything it's not turning food and everything's just setting there and it starts to fester and what can happen is that it ruptures another thing they can have is loss of form to the HRA which are those neat little pouches that you see um on those large intestine that give it that unique look um the inflammation just the damage over time can make it appear as a smooth organ so if the patient has um a barium enema where they go in and they take X-rays with the contrast of the barium they will they will see that this looks like a lead pipe so the lead pipe sign doesn't have that unique curvature to it it has just a smooth appearance to it they can also have weight loss and dehydration and again why dehydration because the role of your large intestine CU that's where most of our inflammation's at is to really absorb water because small intestine did its job absorbed the nutrients now it's it's liquid when it enters into the um ascending colon and as it progresses through out starts to become more formed because that water gets absorbed well that's not happening here because of that inflammation so instead they're going to um excrete it out as diarrhea another thing is that they can have anemia from those ulcers bleeding uh they're losing a lot of blood so you want to watch that and they can have inflammation of the joints eyes the skin and the liver along with um Crohn's disease Crohn's disease can also have that as a complication as well now let's look at the signs and symptoms between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis now some of the signs and symptoms like abdominal cramping and diarrhea tend to be the same but they do have some slight differences okay to help you remember ulcerative cius remember the word ulcers because we're dealing with ulcerative cius okay you for Urgent or frequent bow movements they really just have to go and they have to get to the bathroom Fast Very prevalent in ulcer of cius um L for a loss of weight again with the dehydration they're losing a lot of water um low red blood cells because they have those bleeding ulcers so they'll have some anemia whenever you look at their lab work cramps in the abdomen which will be very painful e for electrolyte imbalance um and elevated temperatures again the inflammation is just causing that immune response causing increased temperature R for rectal bleeding because they will have um bleeding ulcers and whenever they have bowel movements they can have some rectal bleeding and then s severe diarrhea and this diarrhea will most likely have blood it also have mucus and puffs now let's look at the signs and symptoms in Crohn's okay with Crohns you're going to have diarrhea just like you do in ulcer of colitis um in Crohn's you may have blood but it's going to be a lot more common in ulcer of colitis um with crohn's you can have abdominal pain and it tends to be in that right lower side and why in that right lower side well remember we said that Crohn's disease tends to be in that terminal ilium in the beginning of the colon which is where that that's located um the patient may have ulcers in their mouth GI tract of course they may have anal fissures which are those little tears around the anus some patients may mistake it for a hemorrhoid um because it bleeds and it hurts but um if you analyze that you will see a Fisher and they will have the weight loss the Mal nourishment significant weight loss because those small intestines are so inflamed and they're not able to absorb ABB the nutrients from the food so you're really not going to see um the malnourishment issues in Chrome in ulcer of colitis as you are in Crohn's okay so that wraps up this comparison on Crohn's disease versus ulcerative colitis thank you so much for watching don't forget to take the free quiz and to subscribe to our channel for more videos