Lecture Notes: Introduction to Operating Systems

Importance of Operating Systems

• Essential course for computer science and electronic students.
• Mix of theoretical knowledge and practical problem-solving.

Definition of Operating System (OS)

• A program that manages computer hardware.
• Acts as an intermediary between the user and the hardware.
• Provides the basis for application programs.

Examples of Operating Systems

• Windows: Common on desktops and laptops.
• Linux/Ubuntu: Popular open-source OS for desktops and other devices.
• Mac OS: Used in Apple laptops and computers.
• iOS: Operating system for iPhones.
• Android: Widely used mobile OS.

Basic Structure of a Computer System

• Computer Hardware
  • Includes CPU, memory, I/O devices (input/output).
  • Resources like primary memory (RAM) and secondary memory (ROM).
• System/Application Programs
  • System Software: Directly interacts with hardware.
  • Application Software: Used for specific tasks by users.
  • Examples include word processors, spreadsheets, compilers, text editors, web browsers.
• Users: Individuals using the software for tasks.

Role of Operating System

• Acts as an intermediary between hardware and users.
• Simplifies the process of using computers by managing tasks.
  • Without OS, users would need to manually code commands for each task.
  • With OS, tasks are automated and user-friendly.

Key Functions of Operating Systems

• Interface: Between user and hardware.
• Resource Allocation: Efficient management of CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
• Memory Management: Loading, storing, and securing data.

Goals of Operating System

• Convenience: Simplifies complex tasks for users.
• Efficiency: Optimizes resource use and management.
• Many OS are designed to balance both convenience and efficiency.

Types of Operating Systems

• Batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, real-time, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, and multitasking OS.
• Future lectures will explore these types in detail.

Conclusion

• An introduction to the complexity and functionality of operating systems.
• Operating systems play a crucial role in making computer use accessible and efficient.
• Future lectures will cover detailed aspects of OS design and operations.

This concludes the introductory lecture on operating systems. More detailed topics and examples will follow in the subsequent lectures.