hi welcome to this a level pe sport society and it's on social action theory and its influence on sport and this is quite a tricky topic um it's based for aqape but it's probably relevant to most exam boards too so i've got two pictures as a little starter here you got mob football probably pre-1780 you got people throwing punches people being stamped on can't really see the ball very easily looks like it's male dominated and on the right hand side we've got a female international football match looks like it's sweden versus holland probably from uh championships you can see spectators in the background and social action theory sort of helps explain how we've gone from mob football all the way to an inclusive version of football okay so i'm gonna go through this and i hope this helps your understanding so how has football changed okay so we look at how it's developed now we know from doing the earlier units on popular recreation that football started as a mob game and it's developed all the way through to this modern game but how did all that happen in a farm and it's now far far more respectable it's technologically advanced it's a global game it's organized has leaks how has it gone about in that change okay you probably know that the middle class are involved public school boys are involved all the way up to now where we've got tv businesses etc involved now social action theory sort of helps explain how all of those processes happen it's people so it people change the aspects of society and social action theory kind of believes that individuals can do that within their roles within society individuals actions can bring about change okay if we didn't have that we could still be playing mob football but people's attitudes and views and their influence and interactions with other people have helped bring about change in football all the way to the point we are today this happens across society in a variety of different aspects as well okay here we go so think why do footballers shake their referee's hand think about the reasons why they shake the hand and do you think that was always a thing now some of you probably thinking oh this probably goes back to the muscular christianity corinthian ethos of fair play that middle class respectability where you shake opponents hands and shake referees hands and you'd be right so this might have its origins all the way back into the 19th century where football became more rational and we had respect for each other and that still echoes to today because people felt that was an important part of football an important part of sport and it should still keep occurring you've probably played in matches or in tournaments where you've shaken the opposition's hand or the referee's hand that's because it's been developed over that time that people think it's the right thing to do in that sport and it's brought about maybe a more respectable friendly nature is this linked to socialization so socialization you'd have looked at prior to this and socialization is to do with how we learn society's norms how we learn the values and normal behaviors within a society so has theo walcott here decided to do that to himself or has he at some point been socialized and has he then become the person that shakes the referee's hand now looking at this picture and people in the future looking at pictures like this they are they being socialized by seeing this picture and they think ah that's what you have to do at the end of football matches so social action does have a bit of an impact on the socialization as well so social action theory definition a way of views viewing socialization emphasizing social action okay so how social action and socialization work together to bring about change in society you could be socialized incorrectly you could be socialised with really negative and not on views not necessarily deemed by society as acceptable but social action hopefully brings about change in a good way for the whole of society and therefore socialization will slightly change and people will have better views and better world outlet outlooks on life and society so what does this mean for example theorists believe that society is created and changed by individuals interacting with each other across society not just it leaders now often we think our government have control and only those with power and wealth control society now that does have some weight but the individual's power is greater often than they believe and one person can bring about small change and groups of people thinking the same way can start to bring about change but an individual often stimulates that and can bring about slight change in society over time and that can lead to bigger change society has changed over the last 200 years of what you've been studying that is evidence that social action theory has worked look at the suffragette movement so over 100 years ago women didn't have a vote in this country the suffragette movement help to bring into everybody's minds the inequalities of not allowing women to vote so that small movement probably started by one person bringing in other people has brought about gender equality in our society so how it links to sport so sport has developed alongside society through the history section you learned that that the social factors of the time influence what happens in sport mob football was violent and harsh because society was violent and harsh as we go into the victorian area industrial revolution the middle classes bring about more fair play because society is more respectable and we have more law and order and police forces so it does often mirror this so look at that shift from violent games to respectable games to all the way to our technology games that we have today we have technology built into our elite sport video replay satellite tv so our society is highly technologicalized and so is sport we call this progression okay so this is sociological term progression the process of gradually developing towards a more advanced state so goes through stages of development to improve it and that we can definitely see that in sport today sport has developed over time because of those involved so we know the class structure influenced the change in football as the middle class became more involved became more respectable rules were developed because higher levels of literacy etc education and family has influenced this all the way along so education has been involved the boys at public schools were involved then their masters became involved secondary schools developed for all students that helped develop sport as well okay so think back to the work you've done on socialization social action is a type of socialization that helps society develop adopt the norms of that society at the time so the interactions approach now this is a group of sociologists who have a belief of how society works and their approach to things so interactive means they believe that people interacting has a big impact a bit like social action theory so the study of how individuals behave within a society so they look at the impact of certain behaviors attitudes how that affects and change society if you look at the globe and the world all countries are slightly different so their social action theory and the way the people have acted in those society have brought about sometimes small differences to ours and other times very large differences he looks at how individuals help creates and change society society still controls the individual but allows for individuals to be creative now what that means is there's still law and order there's still rules you have to take take on board even in democracy you don't always get your say but it does allow for individuals to be creative so free speech press the written word literature tv movies all of those are ways of being creative and getting across your point of view and maybe a little bit of social action within that how how you feel the world should be how you're how you think your society should be that's that creativity even things like protests are kind of a creative way of doing that so how it is in sport so interactive c institute in such a sports club as a result of people's interactions so those sports clubs were created by probably like-minded individuals getting together and developing their ideas and bringing them to the point of having a club and the rules and developing maybe more clubs and leagues etc those involved can also change the sport or club too and that doesn't stop sport is always evolving never stops there's always slight rule changes there's always slight changes to league structures sport doesn't like to stay still it likes to develop and it's the people's ideas that do that do that they can bring about change change the sports to match the perspectives and identities of those playing them so sport often reflects the people who play their culture their outlooks sport reflects that and it comes to match that because the people making decisions on how the sport go often have a similar viewpoint it makes sports organizations democratic less hierarchical and every member gets to vote if you're involved in even a junior club your club will have voting for members who are eligible on changes that happen just in your local club it might have a chairman a secretary etc who are in a position of responsibility but nine times out of ten they don't get paid any money they're just there to really kind of make the organization run and they want to hear people's views on how their club moves forward okay so thanks for watching this video uh i've got other a-level videos out there so you can go and check those out as well um there's some stuff also out down there on on analysis if you're in year 13 or if you do it in year 12 as well