Lecture Notes: Female and Male Reproductive Screening and Diagnostic Tests

Introduction

• Presenter: Kathy from Level Up RN
• Topic: Key screening and diagnostic tests for female and male reproductive systems
• Includes a quiz at the end for knowledge check

Female Reproductive Screening and Diagnostic Tests

Pap Test

• Purpose: Screens for cervical cancer
• Frequency: Every 1-3 years
  • Low risk & normal previous tests: Every 3 years
  • Abnormal previous test: Annually
• When to Start: 3 years after sexual intercourse begins or by age 21
• Procedure: Speculum inserted in vagina, cells collected from cervix using a brush

Mammogram

• Purpose: X-ray screening for breast cancer
• Frequency: Annually starting at age 40
  • Sooner for high-risk patients (e.g., family history)
• Preparation: Avoid deodorants, lotions, or powder in axillary region
• Additional Recommendation: Monthly self-examinations for breast cancer
  • Perform 3-5 days after period (less swelling and tenderness)

Male Reproductive Screening and Diagnostic Tests

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

• Purpose: Screens for prostate cancer
• Frequency: Annually starting at age 50
  • Possibly sooner for high-risk individuals
• Normal Level: Under 4 ng/mL
  • Over 4 ng/mL requires further evaluation (possible prostate cancer or BPH)

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

• Purpose: Screens for prostate cancer
• Procedure: Provider palpates prostate gland through rectal wall
  • No abnormalities, lumps, or enlarged/hard prostate expected
• Order of Tests: Obtain PSA level before performing DRE to avoid altered PSA results

Testicular Self-Examination

• Recommendation: Monthly starting at age 15
• Optimal Time: In or after a shower for relaxed scrotum

Quiz Questions

1. True or False: A pap test screens for ovarian cancer.
   • Answer: False (screens for cervical cancer)
2. Fill in the Blank: A prostate-specific antigen level over ___ nanograms per milliliter requires further evaluation.
   • Answer: 4
3. True or False: Obtain a PSA level before performing a digital rectal exam.
   • Answer: True

Conclusion

• Encouragement to like the video, subscribe, and share with classmates
• Reminder to utilize flashcards from Level Up RN for efficient study
• Invitation to leave comments and feedback