okay ladies and gentlemen our final spring break screencast we're going to focus on kind of more on the foreign policy aspects of the Cold War so we're going to take a look at our second Cold War President which is Dwight D Eisenhower and we're going to take a look at really kind of uh his take on the policy of containment so remember when we introduced uh really the overarching American foreign policy during the Cold War is Trum the TR known as the Truman Doctrine or the policy of containment which is really in essence stopping the spread of Communism around the world each successive American president really agrees with Truman as far as containment is concerned but they have different ways of enforcing it and different ways about going about trying to implement containment so what we're going to look at today is the is Eisenhower's foreign policy um how it affects us in the foreign policy realm how it affects us domestically and exactly what does it stand for so this is known as the Eisen Doctrine basically every president from here on they kind of just take the president's last name Eisenhower and put Doctrine after it as far as their their foreign policy is concerned so you have the Eisenhower Doctrine you have the Nixon Doctrine you have you know uh the Reagan Doctrine all of them they kind of just um add that to the end of their name so when you look at Eisenhower it looks are kind of very deceiving when it comes to Eisenhower when you look at him he kind of looks like like your friendly grandfather Father Figure and that's what people said about him when they when they voted for him in uh in 1952 um he was kind of very appealing for those reasons uh but that masked the reality of him being you know a fierce uh General and a Fierce and a very important military man so don't forget he's the head of all Allied command during World War II so he really does have this strong very strong military background so I think that's much more important to understanding his foreign policy is his military background and cuz he really kind kind of uses that in his approach to the Soviet Union so when you look at Eisenhower the first thing I want you guys to notice Eisenhower takes office basically right here 1952 okay so this right here is showing you the buildup of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union uh and so this is Eisenhower the start of Eisenhower's Administration right here in 1952 this is the end of the Eisenhower Administration basically like right here right around here so what you're looking at is Eisenhower presides over the largest expansion of the US uh nuclear weapons program in the history of the United States it goes from about I would say about maybe a thousand nuclear warheads to about 27,000 under the Eisenhower Administration so it's a huge expansion and that gives you a big Clue Into what really is the Eisenhower Doctrine and what is he trying to implement when it comes to the uh to the Soviet Union and you know the Cold War policy of his take on the policy of containment now when you look at it not only is he making more bombs during his administration but the kind of Bobs are improving so we started with what are called a bombs which is the ones that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki the ne the next evolution of it is something called the hydrogen bomb which is a little bit more powerful and then finally um you have something called icbms um these are called these are intercontinental ballistic missiles so by the end of the Eisenhower Administration we're starting to develop these icbms um this is actually what North Korea is trying very hard to develop right now um so if you're paying attention in the news they keep doing uh missile tests actually one just blew up yesterday they failed um one of their missile tests um what they're trying to do is develop an intercontinental ballistic missile because they want to be able to Target the United States and potentially kind of throw that into the The Diplomatic discussions that are happening between the US and China and North Korea um so we were're developing this back in the 1950s and 1960s uh this is kind of like what your standard ICBM might look like um this also helps us with the space program the nuclear technology that we're developing helps us develop you know more in the space program so when you look at this this really defines the Eisenhower Doctrine the isenhower doctrine is something called massive retaliation Theory okay so this this is not the same as mad mad mutually assure destruction is something a little a little bit different but the Eisenhower Doctrine is something called massive retaliation Theory which in essence is we're going to deter the expansion of Communism and the threat of the Soviet Union by basically threatening them with the amount of nuclear weapons that we have so the the idea is that if the Soviet Union were ever to try and implement um a missile strike against the United States we would retaliate with so many nuclear weapons that it wouldn't serve in their self-interest to ever attack the United States uh and so that's really his approach is kind of peace through strength basically the threat of these thousands of nuclear weapons is going to be what he thinks is going to deter Soviet aggression deter Soviet expansion um and deter the threat of the Soviet Union on United States soil uh and so that's why you see this buildup of nuclear technology it's because this is kind of their Theory the massive retaliation Theory and they let it be known basically to the Soviet Union that this is America's stance um and if you look at throughout the 1950s we really don't see much of a threat from the Soviet Union um and so I I think a lot of it subscribed to massive retaliation Theory there is no real direct conflict between the US and the Soviet Union there's of course no Battlegrounds of the the Cold War but um it's not as extensive as maybe later or even earlier when um you know Stalin was more forceful um with uh you know in the late 1940s now this other acronym mad um mutually assured destruction this is also kind of playing into it which is basically the theory that nobody's going to actually use a nuclear weapon because they realize if they use it the opposition whether it be the Soviet Union of the United States is going to retaliate with a nuclear weapon in kind and it would mean basically Destruction for both parties and maybe Destruction for the world depending on how many nuclear weapons were actually used uh now um Eisenhower Secretary of State at the time a guy named um John Dulles uh if you ever go down to DC um the airport in DC is named after him it's called Dulles Airport um but he believed in something called brinkmanship which kind of goes along with this massive retaliation Theory and mad and what this means is that you kind of push close to war um but not over the edge so it's kind of like knowing how far to push the Soviet Union um because they they believed and many US presidents believe that you had to show strength to the Soviet Union so you couldn't look weak so you had to show the willingness to go to war um but no just want to kind of pull back so that you don't actually end up you know in a war um so this always reminds me of there's a game that they used to play actually in the 1950s very dangerous game that they used to play Teenagers used to do this um and they called the game was called chicken essentially what you would do is you would get go to like a long strip of highway like a long stretch of highway empty empty place um you put one car at one end and another car at another end and then they would two teenagers they would drive full speed at one another and basically the game was to see who would turn the wheel first and if you turn the wheel first to avoid you know crashing into the other person head on um you were considered like the chicken so whoever could stay the course longer was kind of the winner and I would think brianshd way of basically playing chicken with the Soviet Union uh and so like the Eisenhower is taking a very strong stance with the Soviet Union he's not really um you know messing around very much at all uh and so this this you have to understand so remember you have to be able to compare Truman and Truman Doctrine to Eisenhower and then throughout the Cold War you have to be able to see the the the es and the flows in the US dealing with the Soviet Union now domestically during the Cold War um it's an interesting time to be alive because you now have this threat Eisenhower is building up nuclear technology the Soviets have nuclear technology now there's this threat there could be a nuclear attack here in the United States there's also the threat that we could destroy the entire world we have that ability at our fingertips um so a lot of Americans are nervous about potentially uh nuclear fallout and attack happening in their city and their country and so Americans are going to kind of respond in kind to try and develop plans to deal with this um so one of the first events that happens that really makes people nervous is the Russians start um they start with their own space program so we're also having a space race during the time and so the Russians beat us on a couple of fronts they're the first uh country to put a satellite into space um so the first satellite they put into space is is a they they call it Sputnik and basically it um you know it just kind of uh you know revolves around the earth um rotates around the earth and they put it out there in outer space now for Americans this a very nerve-wracking situation because when this happens we don't know number one is it some kind of bomb or some kind of attack on the United States two there's also this big fear of being spied on by the Soviet Union like we talked about you know during our second Red Scare conversation remember the second Red Scare is happening in conjunction with these Cold War policies of the 40s and the 50s and you know so they're all kind of linked together um the Russians are also the first uh country to put an astronaut into space they call their astronauts cosmonauts um but they're the first one to put it put an astronaut into space and this is one of the reasons JFK comes out you know later and says like we're going to put a man on the moon it's a competition between us and the Soviet Union now this fear of a nuclear attack uh kind of permeates American society in many different ways so U one of the thing drills they used to do at school actually they call them Duck and Cover drills uh is they used to basically try to prepare for a potential nuclear attack on your city or the near Countryside or the near area inside your city so these are kids in elementary school doing ducking cover drills uh so you know it's interesting uh I always find this picture really funny because this kid obviously did not understand the drill very well of getting underneath the desk and and protecting yourself using the desk now your students always they always laugh and they say like what is this going to do you know how is this going to protect you in a nuclear attack um you're right for the most part if it's a direct attack it's not going to help you you're going to basically be eviscerated like that um but what this is supposed to protect you from is potentially let say it's an attack a little bit further away I mean it blows out the windows and there's glass everywhere um so it's just a precaution I also think it's much more psychological to make people and parents feel comfortable that we have a plan to protect your your son or your daughter now um we can't be too critical of this because we do our own drills that if you really think about them you might say is this really going to help us is this really going to protect us so we do that um you know Intruder in the building drill and you think about what we do and you know is that really going to help us in the event of an attack hopefully but maybe not um and so like it's the same kind of thing I think it's for peace of mind and make people think like hey we have a plan this is how we're going to deal with this situation when in reality it's catastrophic and there's not much that you can you can do especially in this case with nuclear bombs that you can do to really save too many people if this actually were to happen now Americans are also building their own in backyard bomb shelters so that if you ever buy a house maybe from like the 1950s or 1960s you might be lucky enough to have a bomb shelter built into the backyard um so what they did would do is they would build these basically they're kind of like um almost like a seller that they would build in their backyard you can hand make it they also sell sold kits so you could go um to stores that popped up that were building bomb shelters and you would pack it with food and all the essentials that you could potentially need in case of a nuclear fallout again is this really going to be helpful maybe um maybe not but it's really for peace of mind for people and again like again people are putting it in magazines do-it-yourself kind of things um so when you look at it the cold war is a domestic event because it's affecting Americans lives it's affecting the way that they look at things and they do things it's also uh you know an international event with the of the foreign policy and distinct uh approaches by each president um so I hopefully you could draw parallels to our current time period I drew one parallel with the school um shooting epidemic that we have but you could look at it through terrorism's lens we're dealing with terrorism as a foreign threat but also a domestic threat there's lots of parallels to be made all right guys hopefully you enjoy the rest of your vacation if you're celebrating Easter hopefully you have a great Easter I'll see you guys on Wednesday when we come back to school