Overview
This lecture covers the sociological perspective of the self, exploring how society shapes individual identity through social interaction, key sociological theories, and the impact of modern and postmodern influences.
Introduction to Sociological Perspective
- Unlike the philosophical self (internal), the sociological self emphasizes external, societal factors.
- The self is viewed as a social construct shaped largely by group life and interaction.
Social Constructs and Socialization
- Social constructs are ideas or categories created by society (e.g., gender roles).
- Cultures differ in how they define these constructs.
- The self is not present at birth; it develops through social experience and interaction.
- Lack of socialization, as seen in "feral children," leads to an underdeveloped sense of self.
Theories of the Social Self
Charles Horton Cooley: The Looking Glass Self
- The self develops by reflecting others’ perceptions, acting as a "mirror."
- These perceptions are subjective and may lead to inaccurate self-images or negative self-esteem.
George Herbert Mead: The I and the Me
- "I": The subjective, active element; acts, decides, and experiences.
- "Me": The objective, socialized element; internalizes societal expectations and rules.
- Full self-development unites both the I (personal desires) and Me (social expectations).
The Self in Modern and Postmodern Society
- Modern societies allow more freedom in choosing identities compared to traditional roles tied to lineage or occupation.
- In postmodern society, identity is fluid and influenced by rapid social changes, information, and globalization.
- Self-identity now often attaches to possessions, brands, and consumer choices ("prestige symbols").
Opportunities and Issues in Postmodern Society
- Increased freedom allows for self-expression and varied identities.
- Problems such as alienation, dehumanization, and anxiety can arise from constant societal demands and consumerism.
- Material possessions and trends are prioritized, but may not lead to true satisfaction.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Social Construct — an idea or category created and given meaning by society.
- Feral Child — a child raised without typical social interaction or human contact.
- Looking Glass Self — Cooley's concept where the self arises from interpersonal reflections.
- I (Mead) — the subjective, active aspect of the self.
- Me (Mead) — the objective, socialized aspect shaped by others’ expectations.
- Postmodern Society — a society characterized by fluid identities, rapid change, and consumerism.
- Prestige Symbol — possessions used to project social status or identity.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review for the upcoming quiz on the philosophical self.
- Reflect on personal experiences of socialization and identity formation.
- Complete assigned readings on sociological theories of the self.