Overview
This lecture provides a list of key polyatomic ions (PAI) and chemical elements encountered in AP Chemistry, including their names, symbols, and some examples.
Common Polyatomic Ions (PAIs)
- Carbonate ion is represented by the formula CO₃²⁻.
- Nitrite ion is represented by the formula NO₂⁻.
- Nitrate ion is represented by the formula NO₃⁻.
- Sulfate ion is represented by the formula SO₄²⁻.
- Sulfite ion is represented by the formula SO₃²⁻.
- Phosphate ion is represented by the formula PO₄³⁻.
- Ammonium ion is represented by the formula NH₄⁺.
- Hydroxide ion is represented by the formula OH⁻.
- Acetate ion is represented by the formula C₂H₃O₂⁻ or CH₃COO⁻.
- Cyanide ion is represented by the formula CN⁻.
- Permanganate ion is represented by the formula MnO₄⁻.
- Chromate ion is represented by the formula CrO₄²⁻.
- Dichromate ion is represented by the formula Cr₂O₇²⁻.
Common Chemical Elements
- Hydrogen has the symbol H.
- Carbon has the symbol C.
- Nitrogen has the symbol N.
- Oxygen has the symbol O.
- Sulfur has the symbol S.
- Phosphorus has the symbol P.
- Chlorine has the symbol Cl.
- Sodium has the symbol Na.
- Potassium has the symbol K.
- Calcium has the symbol Ca.
- Magnesium has the symbol Mg.
- Iron has the symbol Fe.
- Copper has the symbol Cu.
- Silver has the symbol Ag.
- Zinc has the symbol Zn.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Polyatomic ion (PAI) — Ion composed of two or more atoms bonded covalently with a net charge.
- Ion — Atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net charge.
- Element — Pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Memorize the names, symbols, and formulas of common polyatomic ions and elements for AP Chemistry quizzes and exams.
- Practice writing and identifying these ions and elements in chemical compounds.