Quality Improvement Basics Course

Introduction to Quality Improvement Models

• Key Objective: Understand various quality improvement methodologies.
• Focus: Model for Improvement and Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) tool for achieving goals through rapid cycle tests.
• Preparation: Open related documents for tools, templates, and samples for reference.

Quality Improvement Methodologies

1. FADE Model

• Acronym: Focus, Analyze, Develop, Execute
• Steps:
  • Focus: Define process to improve
  • Analyze: Collect and analyze data
  • Develop: Create action plans for improvement
  • Execute: Implement action plans and evaluate

2. Six Sigma

• Strategy: Process improvement and problem reduction
• Models:
  • DMAIC: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (existing processes)
  • DMADV: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify (new processes)

3. Lean Model

• Definition: Defines value based on customer needs, eliminates waste
• Application: Maps value to ensure cost-effective and time-efficient processes

4. Root-Cause Analysis (RCA)

• Purpose: Determine cause of unexpected outcomes/events
• Tools: Five Whys, Fishbone Diagrams
• Characteristics:
  • Focus on systems, not individuals
  • Identify and prevent recurring systemic issues

Leadership and Measurement

• Leadership: Critical for successful implementation
• Measurement: Essential for improvement

Staff Involvement and Customer Focus

• Involvement: Active participation in setting aims and identifying changes
• Customer Focus: Prioritizing patient-centered, effective, and efficient care

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) Process

• Steps:
  1. Identify event
  2. Form a team
  3. Describe event
  4. Identify factors
  5. Identify root causes and contributing factors
  6. Create and implement changes
  7. Measure results

Model for Improvement

• Approach: Test changes on a small scale, expand upon success
• Three Key Questions:
  1. What are we trying to accomplish?
  2. How will we know a change is an improvement?
  3. What change can we make to result in improvement?

Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Cycle

Plan

• Define Details: What, when, who, why, where, and how long
• Set SMART Goals: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-based

Do

• Action: Implement the plan, collect data, and document observations

Study

• Evaluation: Analyze data, compare outcomes, and assess success

Act

• Implement: Decide to adapt, adopt, or abandon changes
• Repeat: Run additional cycles if necessary

Practical Tips for PDSA

• Start with small tests
• Involve interested care teams
• Discontinue non-effective changes
• Seek external input when needed

Conclusion

• Review: Discuss and align on three key improvement questions as a team
• Next Steps: Prepare for the next module on process mapping