Heimlich's History: Migration and Immigration Patterns (1990s-2000s)

Overview

Focus on the causes and effects of domestic and international migration over time, particularly during the 1990s and 2000s.
Distinction between migration (movement within a country) and immigration (movement into a country from abroad).

Sun Belt Migration
- Continued migration to the Sun Belt states after WWII, driven by job opportunities in the defense industry and a preference for warmer climates.
- Affordable central air conditioning made these states even more attractive.
Political Consequences
- Population increase in the South and Southwest, leading to more conservative political leanings.
- Redistribution of seats in the House of Representatives due to population shifts (Sun Belt gained seats, North/Midwest lost seats).

Sun Belt's Attraction
- Significant influx of international immigrants, particularly from Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East.
- Many sought agricultural jobs, especially in California.
Economic Impact
- Generally positive economic impact, especially in low-wage agricultural sectors.
- Immigrants filled roles often undesirable to American workers.
- Studies (e.g., Institute for the Study of Labor) show minimal negative impact on jobs for American citizens.

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
- Allowed for a larger proportion of immigrants.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
- Alongside rising illegal immigration, significantly impacted U.S. demographics.
Demographic Changes
- Before 1965, international immigration was about 10% of U.S. population growth; post-1965, it became about a third.
- Over 9 million immigrants in the 1990s.
- Shift in racial composition: white population declined from 75% in 1990s to about 63% in 2011.
Future Projections
- Prediction: By 2050, white Americans may no longer be the majority.