AP Bio Unit 1 Review

Introduction

• Hosted by Mrs. Jones for AP Biop Penguins.
• Available resources:
  • Daily review questions on Instagram (@APBiopPenguins).
  • 374-page review guide on Weebly (apopenguin.weebly.com).
  • Free response videos (FRQ Friday) on current topics.
  • 120 quizzes and games covering different topics.
  • Review PowerPoints.
• Q&A session at the end of the review.

Unit 1 Overview

• Focus: Macromolecules and water properties.
• Includes practice questions and Q&A.

Macromolecules

1. Carbohydrates

• Functions: Energy source.
• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1 ratio).
• Monomers: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose).
• Polymers: Polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose, starch, glycogen).
• Glycosidic linkages bond monosaccharides.

2. Proteins

• Functions: Structural support, enzymes.
• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur.
• Monomers: Amino acids (20 different types, vary by R group).
• Bonds: Peptide bonds.
• Structure levels: Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary.
• Folding influenced by hydrophilic/hydrophobic R groups.

3. Nucleic Acids

• Functions: Genetic material.
• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus.
• Monomers: Nucleotides.
• Bonds: Phosphodiester linkages.
• Structure: DNA (double helix, anti-parallel strands) and RNA.

4. Lipids

• Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; sometimes phosphorus.
• Non-polar and not polymers.
• Types: Fats, phospholipids, steroids.
• Structure:
  • Fats: Glycerol and fatty acids (saturated vs. unsaturated).
  • Phospholipids: Amphipathic, form bilayers in membranes.
  • Steroids: Four fused rings, involved in cell signaling.

Water Properties

• Polarity: Polar covalent bonds lead to hydrogen bonding.
• Cohesion & Adhesion: Water molecules stick to each other and other polar substances.
• Solvent Properties: Universal solvent for polar/charged substances.
• Surface Tension: Due to cohesive forces.
• High Specific Heat: Stabilizes temperature.
• Density: Ice is less dense than liquid water.
• pH: Inverse relationship with hydrogen ion concentration.

Practice Questions

• Multiple choice and free response questions covered.
• Involves understanding of macromolecules, bonding, and water properties.

Additional Resources

• Instagram and TikTok for daily questions and FRQ videos.
• Recommendations for other AP Bio resources and review packets.
• Engage with AP Classroom resources for additional practice.

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These notes provide a comprehensive overview of Unit 1 topics and serve as a guide for further study and practice. Make use of the resources mentioned for a thorough preparation for the AP Bio exam.