Hello all, in this presentation we are going to see about entomology. In previous presentation of mine, we have discussed about practical spotters. So this presentation is specific to entomology.
How to identify entomology spotters. So I myself, Dr. Rock Brito, Associate Professor in Community Medicine. This is my Think Lateral channel. If you haven't subscribed to the channel, please subscribe. click on the bell icon also for notifications so we all know there are two kingdoms animal and plant kingdom and we belong to the vertebrate we belong to the vertebrate we belong to the vertebrate vertebrate and in that we belong to the mammals as a class so like that the phylum classification there is arthropods Arthropods entomology study of arthropods are insects so in that again Clas, Crustacea, Arachnida and insect are there so medical entomology is study of arthropods of medical importance so these are all the list of arthropods of medical importance so these arthropods are the vectors of the disease mark my words vectors for the disease not the causative agent that is these are all the species which just transmit the diseases out of which house flight transmits the disease by mechanical route and the other vectors transmit biologically that is the agent undergoes some either multiplication or change in form within their bodies now these are all the few background knowledge which you should know before going into the identification of the entomology spotters so here it is broadly divided into insecta, arachnida and crustacea.
Insecta has head thorax and abdomen. Arachnida and crustacea has both cephalothorax that is head and body head and thorax get combined so legs here we have three pairs four pairs and five pairs respectively Antenna is one pair zero and two in crustacea wings are one or two pair of wings arachnida there are no wings and crustacea there are no wings when come to the habitat crustacea lives in water the other insecta and arachnida all live in land so these are all the group of insects which are all of medical importance this is Cyclops Ticks, Mites under Arachnida mosquitoes, flies, Lice Fleas, Red-wit bugs among insect so here this is mosquitoes we all know and majority of the presentation we will be discussing about mosquitoes so these are all flies the notable one are housefly black play and CC play house play is a mechanical vector for many pico orally transmitted diseases black play causes transmits on coaster cases easy play causes sleeping sickness this is house play and then we have loves other head loves then we have rat play this is the classical image of the rat play from which we can identify the rat flea is what is easily and this is the red-wit bug. Then we have ticks and mites.
So when there is head separately present and almost conical, then you can say it is a hot tick. When this is of exactly a cuboidal shape or a smoothened rectangle shape, then it is a soft tick. Then we have each mite and cyclops. Cyclops, this is, we have five pair of legs. two pair of antennas and wings and there will not be any wings present so they live in water so these were all the cyclops were the vector for guinea worm disease so here is the list of arthropod which that is mosquito house flies and fly cc flow here is the list of arthropods and the list of diseases caused by these arthropods so mosquito transmits malaria malaria specifically anopheles transmits malaria viral encephalitis japanese encephalitis then filaria annul is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya annul are transmitted by Aedes mosquito.
Then we have all this housefly which is Which is a vector for transmission of many fecal-oral infections We have sandfly which transmits colizer, oriental sows sandfly, sisyphilis transmits sleeping sickness louse transmits pert that is pediculosis epidemic typhus relapsing fever and trench fever rat flea transmits plague bubonic plague endemic typhus, hymenolopsis diminuta, chigurhosis black fly transmits oncozer cases, redwood bug, chagas disease soft tick cue fever relapsing fever, heart tick there is a huge list of diseases scrub typhus and rickettsial pox are transmitted by from the cloud mate Kbc stands played by each mate in a mom this is and which tape from by Cyclops and Rick pathogens by cockroach so when we are identifying we have to write in bright to that is three important points on this after identifying this what does we have to write the basic morphology of those partners then second is the diseases which is transmitted so the second is the diseases transmitted this is a standard third is the control measures how are we going to control it control measures so how are we going to control it so these three points uh we need to write under all these spotters so first and foremost is are the easiest spotter is the egg we have to differentiate between anopheles culex and the aedes so when we mention culex c is the mnemonic here so we have to say culex will lay in clusters and individually the eggs will be cigar shaped individually the eggs will be cigar shaped so when the egg is clustered you can easily identify it as Culex egg when the egg is singly it may be either Anopheles or Aedes when it is spindle shaped it is Anopheles when it is oval shaped it is Aedes it has lateral folds that is air will be filled in it so that it will float Anopheles basically is a surface feeder so it has this lateral floats and once it becomes larva also it has no siphon tube it is it is floated parallel to the surface of the water and it is a surface feeder this Culex and Aedes are the underground feeders so now we are moving to the larvae larvae when how to identify this larvae is by this siphon tubes siphon tubes are the otherwise the respiratory trumpets through which it respires. So when it is very apparently present, very conspicuously present then you can say it is Culex larvae. When it is present not as long and slender as Culex then you can call it as Aedes. When it is entirely absent then you can call it as Anopheles. Another finding to confirm Anopheles is this presence of this palmit hairs while not if not noting this siphon tube we should not get confused with this uh anal gills and corded hairs for siphon tubes sometimes these will get clubbed and in slide it may appear like a siphon tube so you should not get confused when we are identifying a larvae then pupa in real life scenario both this larvae and pupae or eggs and all can be species can be easily identified based on the water source, the type of the water source which is present based on that we can easily identify the species but here out of the stages that is egg, larva, pupa and adult, pupa is the difficult stage to identify so when there is no siphon tube again it is anopheles when there is a apparently long and slender then it is a culex when it is ill developed then that is a Aedes so this is not the typical microscopic image now we are moving to the adult mosquito so when we are identifying the adult mosquito when you identify this spotted wings then you can directly say it as anaphilus when you are seeing this spotted wings then you can say it as anaphilus when this is not present you have to look at the body when there is alternate bands of black and yellow bands are present then you can call it as Aedes mosquito when this is absent then you can when both this spotted wings and this bands are absent then you can call it as Culex mosquito how to identify a male is by this means of the bushy antenna so before going to the antenna you have to understand the basic structure of the head from head there will be a central proboscis central proboscis through which it sucks the blood and immediate lateral palpi and further lateral antenna so this is proboscis, central proboscis, the immediate lateral palpi and the antenna so the antenna will be bushy this is corresponding to the mushtaq in males bushy in case of males and it is not as much it is hairy but it is not bushy in females we can identify in the next upcoming slides so this is the for a female species identification again so when we identify this anopheles spotted wings we can directly say it is anopheles then we have to look at the wings so wings will be very light in Aries it will be very heavy in Culex and because of this heavy wings these are all these mosquitoes are called as nuisance mosquitoes that it because it makes noise when it flies near to the ears that people misinterpret it as the mosquitoes sing some sounds so again anopheles this palpi is very short in case of female this is the palpi here this will be very short in females the only exception is the anopheles the only exception is the anopheles which has long palpi so we can easily identify when the the palpi is short and the antenna is not bushy then it is a female when this all spotted wings and palpa is big then that is a female but in the corresponding male also will have a boat shaped or a club shaped and club shaped palpa will be present so with the wings and the body we can identify body same as same anopheles will have that band but here this this slide is more dark so we could not differentiate but by two wings we can easily identify then we are moving into the mouth parts so as i told earlier so all the female mouth parts female will have short very short palpi and less bushy antenna here it is a bushy antenna and it is a lengthy palpi as much as your proboscis then in anopheles is the only exception where the palpa is also big when compared to the proboscis this is the air is bushy the hair in the antenna is not bushy but here in the air in the antenna is bushy and here it is club shaped so when the palpa is club shaped and a bushy antenna then you can call it as an anopheles male when the palpe when the bushy antenna is not bushy and the palpe is big it is the usual size will be till here but it is till here means then you can call it as an anaphylous female so that's how we can identify the anaphylous mouth part then there are some other insects other than mosquitoes so this is the cyclops the belongs to the class insectae and the sand fly which belongs to the insectae so this looks similar to the mosquito but when we look out of the microscope the size will be almost half of the mosquito and also it is a hairy animal and comparatively the legs are very bigger when compared to this body so then you can suspect of sand fly and you can note it as sand fly this is the head loss this is these are all classical pictures the morphologies are very clear then ticks soft ticks and hard ticks will be confusing it has four pair of legs when the head is out it is a hard tick and the shape is also little conical and here the shape will be rectangular after a blood meal this will be very much apparent then we are moving to the rat flea this is the classical image given in textbooks so it looks similar to this you So, when we identify, we can easily identify if we remember this rat-fleel pictorically.
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Thank you.