So by the end of this video, you'll have full understanding of how AI detectors work. So what exact elements of our writing these AI detectors pay attention to. So if you've been using Chajbd or some other AI tool to support your writing or to write some paragraphs for you now, you don't want to be flagged for uh AI generated content, you want to know exactly how to redo these paragraphs. And let's be honest, you don't want to be using these AI humanizer tools because they are completely useless. they will uh heavily affect the quality of your writing. So you have to know how to work on this yourself and how to restructure and then I'll show you an example of AI generated paragraph and I'll work on it and try to read it so that it doesn't get flagged for AI generated content. So first let's quickly go through uh the different factors or different elements of your writing that uh AI detectors uh pay attention to. So it's not just about the words as some people think. It's not just about these favorite words that AI uses. It's about so much more than that. So the first metric and these two are the most commonly cited statistical metrics or text perplexity and burstiness. So basically perplexity is a measure of how surprised a language model is by our text because human writing tends to have a higher perplexity because it's more unpredictable. AI content on the other hand is more statistically uh expected and therefore has less perplexity and burstiness is pretty related is is uh about variation. So so human writing again it it has variation in sentence length structure word choice while uh AI tends to be just uniform. Then sentence structure and grammar. So consistency and polish these are things that are taken into account uh because AI generated text is usually grammatically flawless uh and stylistically consistent. Quite often it's just too consistent. Then AI does have its favorite words like I said it may repeat words, phrases or sentences and it just does it uh too often. And another one is very subtle. It's about transitions. It's good to use these expressions, but AI likes to overuse these expressions, these connectors like therefore, however, in conclusion. Again, this overlaps with the the favorite expressions that it just like to to overuse. Vocabulary and word choice very related again overlaps. It's about favorite expressions. At the same time, it's using safe vocabulary. So, very rarely does it use any colloquial words. Um, for our academic writing is not a big problem. So here I just chose whatever is relevant for academic writing of course and then when we talk about fixing things again I'm talking about fixing for academic writing because you can see some guidelines online for how to fix how to humanize content and we will talk about things like adding humor personal anecdotes making it inconsistent and open-ended but it's usually talking about our everyday language. So maybe if you're writing a blog here, we're talking about academic text of course. So it so the bar is much higher. But about the vocabulary and AI, it's learned to predict what comes next. So again, it takes this most predictable path essentially when writing our content for us and then later gets our content gets flagged by AI for the exact same reason. Terms of coherence and depth of AI writing. Again, it's not always easy to spot, but it does focus on the surface uh level meaning quite often lacks originality argumentation. And then it uses the statements that do seem fine for academic writing, but again it really depends on the context of where they appear. So they appear meaningful, but they are not always meaningful. So like it's important to consider all perspectives. It can be a meaningful statement or it can be just there for the sake of it. And this often the latter often happens in AI writing. And then finally it may compare our writing to know other known outputs. So their language corpora and uh both for AI language and human language and some of these detectors they make use of this uh huge database of language of any possible use of language that there exists. So so again that's another factor. So you can see that there are more factors than just the words that AI uses. This is what people tend to think. So they think that they will just replace these favorite expressions of uh AI or CHBD and the text will become undetectable and then they're surprised that it's still uh very much detectable. So it's there is so much more. It's mainly if I had to pick one, it is really about the structure. You have to introduce variation in the structure. We'll go through it. So now I'll go through some ideas for how to humanize that text. and I I'll continue to talk about some issues with AI uh created or generated content and then I'll show you an example of AI generated content how it's flagged 100% AI generated and then how I'll work on some uh some changes and to make it less or to make it undetectable. So the first way to fix AI generated content and humanize it is to introduce intellectual hesitation which is a normal thing that is expected in academic writing anyway. So basically AI likes to write in absolutes in uh present information as factual statements as something that's just sure and scholars on the other hand or humans for that matter they hedge they suggest they suspect. So so it's about using this kind of language which again in any case is something that you have to do in academic writing. So you don't like you don't want to be presenting things as facts. Instead you're talking about uh there uh being a possibility that something happens. it appears that something is true. Uh it is suspected, it is believed, it is likely. So this kind of thing, this is something that AI rarely rarely does. So it will say social media has an impact on uh whatever self-esteem and it's not something that we like to do like I said in any case, but especially if we want to avoid being flagged for AI content. Another one is to add subtle critique. Critique critique critique critique critique. Jesus. A subtle crit critique critique critique uh critique pronunciation critique pronunciation critique. Another one is to add subtle critique. And I'm laughing because I just spent a little bit of time trying to trying to learn how to pronounce the word the word critique. This is again pretty obvious because in academic writing you do have to present different uh points of view. Anyway, so AI will present things uh it will just factually present a statement that somebody does or says something whereas as a human we want to point out maybe some inconsistencies or point to some other points of view. It's not something you can do to every sentence. So we'll go through every sentence in a second but it's something that generally should be present. And now this one is very important. This one will be uh important at the level of sentences and and just has to be uh present everywhere as we make our way through this AI generated context. So to introduce uh variation in sentence opening uh openings and syntax. So AI will often start sentences in the exact same way even if we don't initially notice it. So things like this study this shows it is important. So there are these little repetitions and again they are very uh to our basically human eye it's it's very difficult to spot but they are almost exact uh in their structure and their length which then adds to the rest of the structure of the sentence and overall the whole sentence tends to have the same kind of number of beats same number of sometimes even similar number of syllables words length and so on and so forth. So by adding this this variation and how we introduce our sentences we are breaking down that structure already. So we can use introductory clauses, dependent clauses, inverted structures rather than just uh repeating that same exact structure of a sentence. So things like although widely cited, this study has received little empirical follow-up. It's already a little bit different or central to this argument is the notion of so just uh reversing the order. You'll see when I go through individual uh sentences what I mean just reversing the order and introducing this variation. So now you know what factors are being considered by AI detectors. how you know roughly in theory how to humanize the content. And now let's have a look at how we can actually humanize the content. So let's have a look at exact example sentence generated by AI and see how we can change it and humanize it so it's undetectable. But before I continue, have a look at my website and the range of services that I offer that are relevant to any aspect and any stage of your study. They include Zoom tutorials, data analysis services or writing support. Okay. So, what we can see here now is a paragraph that I asked Chad GBT to produce. If the sound quality is slightly different, it's just because I switched computers. Hopefully, it's not too bad. But this is the paragraph that we're going to to work on. Now, just to show you that it it is being flagged for AI generated content. Let me paste it here to this free tool, detect AI. Uh, sure enough, 100% generated by AI. So, we'll have to work on it a little bit. So I pasted it to Microsoft Word and let uh let us begin the work. So the first sentence, self-esteem plays a critical role in shaping a communicative experience of migrants using English second language. Firstly, if I liked it, I could just keep it. Uh as I said, what is really more important are not individual sentences, just how they are glued together. So uh occasionally, if I really like something, I can change it. uh as long as I make sure that the following sentence does not follow the exact same pattern like I said the number of beats and and uh generally the length. So uh here I will uh tone it down a little bit. So I'll say as I said uh I don't like and nobody does in academia to present things as factual statements. So rather than it plays a critical role, I'll say it uh can play a critical role. And at the end, we'll just add the reference because again, it's something that normally would be expected to be referenced anyway. So, let me just say it's some somebody called Jackson 2020. And this already kind of breaks down the sentence a little bit. And the second sentence is high self-esteem fosters confidence, which is essential for engaging in conversations, expressing needs, and participating social, educational, and professional context. I don't like some of it. For example, participating in social educational professional context seems a little bit vague. So, so this is another in my opinion a little bit of a giveaway. Not so much, but it's just something I don't like. In any case, uh it's talking about uh confidence, which is essential for engaging conversations. So, we're talking about conversations, which is fine. So, why then talk about social and participating in social education professional context? So I feel like we just have to simplify it. So that's generally my approach. I have to understand the sentence first and then think of how I can possibly uh talk about it in a way that I just like more than what it says now. And usually this includes deleting some things that are just not needed. Remember what I told you about surface level meaning and things it says that kind of make sense but then they don't really. So I'll start by again toning it down. I'll say it um has also been shown that high self-esteem can increase so so again toning down can increase uh confidence which is a chance for engaging blah blah blah and then participating there is just too much information can increase confidence and as a result um their willingness or migrants doesn't matter their willing ness to to participate in various conversational contexts exchanges. It doesn't matter. It's not perfect either, but basically the the the message is the same. Hopefully, you agree there's too much about the conversation and expressing needs. It's just about confidence and being willing to participate, to engage in conversation. So, now let's continue. Again, it's not a bad word and I use it conversely. I just feel like here I'll include some variation again to to influence the overall length even of the sentence. I'll say low self-esteem I'll also uh reverse the order as I said earlier. So low low self-esteem on the other hand and there is a lot to unpack here again. So it may hinder communication but by increasing anxiety, fear of judgment and reluctance to speak which doesn't make that much sense because again it's uh or maybe it makes some sense anyway. Ultimately affecting language development and social integration which is again a little bit about communication. It's just about simplifying. I want to simplify this. Uh so low self-esteem on the other hand may affect social integration mainly due to increased anxiety and fear of judgment. It doesn't have to be this way. Maybe I could keep u some elements but I feel like again it communicates the point that I was trying to make. Migrants who perceive their English skills as inadequate may may internalize feelings of inferiority reinforcing inclusion and margin marginalization whatever. Um let's see what we can do here. The sentence is good. I like it. I would normally like it. But then remember and this is probably the what will cause us problem. There is another sentence that's again very similar in length in structure even though it's a different sentence. So then it says therefore supporting self-esteem is vital not only for linguistic competence but also for promoting migrants overall well-being and inclusion almost every time it lists things is almost every time is two things uh divided by and so it's just too similar. Uh the previous sentence was also about something and something and then there is this almost exact same structure. So I want to to avoid that. I want to again get the overall sense of what it means and combine it maybe into now something that's a little bit longer maybe slightly uh clumsy even so um as and also rever reverse the order so as low self-perceived or selfassessed we could say English skills skills are believed remember about toning down uh to lead to inferior iority complex to lead to inferiority complex and exclusion marginalization is I mean arguably slightly different but for now it will do an exclusion so as it's believed to lead to these these things is vital it says we have to do it so it is crucial to support self esteem building to promote the migrants linguistic and social inclusion. Uh because that's what it says, promoting their well-being and inclusion and the language linguistic competence. So, this should do. Hopefully, it's not too uh short because I think it has to be 80 words. It Yeah, that's enough uh for this uh for this tool that we were using. So now let's go to the tool. Delete this 0%. It did take a little bit of of work and I cut out some sequences when I was thinking. Uh but that's basically what happens. That's what happens. So I think my main message to you would be read it. Try to understand what it says and try to say it in your own words. In fact, what I would normally do, I would probably have it as separate paragraphs. I try to literally forget what it said exactly. I just want to remember the meaning and then say it in my own words, but it's very hard because you're influenced by what you just saw. And it does have good sentences, but basically that's what happens. I hope that you enjoyed the video and learned something new today. If you did, please like the video. 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