so I'd like to tell you that after World War II ended that all the conflict in Europe ceased and everyone just sat around eating rainbow sandwich in addition to all the violence going on in the Cold War nationalists and separatist movements sprang up and put a kibosh on that piece and I reckon we ought to talk about them so if you're ready to get them brain cows milked let's get to now if you've been around these AP Euro videos for any amount of time at all it probably won't surprise you to hear that after World War II ended nationalist uprisings occurred throughout Europe and I'll mention two of them but first let me remind you that nationalism is a feeling of solidarity among people who speak the same language and share the same cultural history which often results in those people wanting a separate state of their own so the first nationalist movement I'll tell you about occurred in chechnya which is right here Chechen nationalist movement began among a group of Chechen Muslims who live in the southernmost region of Russia among this group there was a profound anti-russian sentiment that stretched back over three centuries and when the Soviet Union fell in 1991 the chechens declared independence and lived under their own government for about three years then in 1994 Russia decided to reassert its authority over the separatists and bring them back under their Authority even though Russia never acknowledged their independence to begin with that led to a series of deadly conflicts in which over 100 1000 chechins have been killed and the conflict ended in 2017 with a Russian Victory since then chechnya has been officially part of the Russian Federation the second nationalist movement to NOAA Curtin Ireland now right after World War One Ireland was split into two separate Nations Ireland here and Northern Ireland here basically you just need to know that this section was primarily Catholic and the north was primarily protest the Protestant North wanted to remain loyal to Britain while the Catholic South wanted to become independent now part of the violence that became known as the troubles was caused by the fact that here there lived a Catholic minority and here there lived a Protestant minority and in both places but especially in the north the minority was not granted the same rights as the majority after a civil rights movement sprang up among the Catholics in Northern Ireland the British sent in troops to crush the Rebellion which they absolutely did however in executing the leaders of this resistance movement the British only further stowed anti-british resentment among the Catholic minority in the North and the Catholic majority of the South violence continued for decades and in 1972 Northern Ireland came under direct British rule which would last until 1998 a period punctuated with more violence but the violence largely came to an end with the Good Friday agreement signed in 1998 which granted more sovereignty to Northern Iowa okay now various separatist movements also challenged the post-world war piece and I'm going to tell you about two of those first The Basque separatist movement was a struggle on the eastern border of Spain in this region right here the Basque is a group of about 2 million ethnically homogenous people who have long held anti-spanish sentiment and because of that they have fought for decades for the right of self-determination and political independence from Spain now the violent wing of this group is called the ETA it was founded in 1959 and it engaged in bombings and assassinations and kidnapping in order to draw worldwide attention to their cause and pressure the Spanish government to recognize their independence ultimately their efforts did not gain them Independence and they officially disbanded in 2018. okay now the second separatist movement to know is the Flemish shepherdist movement in Belgium essentially Belgium consists of two major people groups the Flemish in the North and the waloons in the South the walloons valoons anyway they both speak different languages the majority of the power and wealth was concentrated in the South as a result the Flemish North for most of the 20th century stage movements to either become a separate nation or to be annexed by the Netherlands with whom they are culturally similar now the break has not yet occurred but the tension has been there for a long time okay now let's consider the most devastating of the realities that broke the post-war piece namely attempts at ethnic cleansing and here we're going to focus on the ball Now by definition ethnic cleansing describes the Act of systematically Killing members of an unwanted ethnic group and this happened tragically in Bosnia Herzegovina now Bosnia Herzegovina was part of Yugoslavia which was a nation whose borders were drawn by the Victorious powers of World War One like the nation didn't exist and then the people drawing up the treaties after the war were like hey let's draw some borders right here just for fun but the problem was that these borders were drawn without consideration of the various ethnic groups who lived within those borders which were significant now those tensions and differences didn't much matter under the leadership of Yosi Tito who ruled Yugoslavia with an Iron Fist from the end of World War II until 1980. now it's also important to know that Yugoslavia was made up of semi-autonomous republics which were bound together under Tito's rule but upon Tito's death each of those ethnic groups under the influence of a strong nationalism began agitating for their own Nation one of which was Bosnia Herzegovina Slobodan was the president of Serbia and seeing this disorder he sought to consolidate the various republics under his control when Bosnia Herzegovina declared independence in 1992 things got hairy quick serbs were the minority population in the region and it was Bosnian Muslims who made up the majority so in the name of protecting the Serbian minority milosevic sent Serbian troops into Bosnia Herzegovina and carried out what was called Ethnic Cleansing which is just another word for genocide against the Muslim milosevic conducted large-scale murder of Bosnian Muslims destroyed property and heard of the survivors into concentration camp by 1995 when NATO Nations finally decided to intervene almost 300 000 serbians had been killed by this attempt at ethnic cleansing Okay click here to keep reviewing for unit 9 of AP Euro and click here to grab my AP Euro review pack which is going to help you get an A in your class and a five on your exam in May and I'll catch you on the flip-flop heimler out