[Music] in 1764 James Hargreaves a Hanlon River from Lancashire invented a machine that changed the world he lived in the effects remain with us today the spinning jenny was created in the small village of stan hill Audrey's was married with 11 children he and his neighbor's made a precarious living weaving cloth for clothes in Blackburn Harvey's operated a hand loom like this one in another part of the cottages why four children would spin the thread needed to feed the hand loom the children would also be employed preparing the raw cotton on carding paddles by separating it to use on the spinning wheel the problem was that the process of carding and then spinning the cotton on a single spindle meant that the weaver could not always receive enough thread often hung loom Weaver's would have to travel out each day to buy spunk thread from other suppliers around Daniel this was both costly and time-consuming this was made more problematic by the introduction of a flying shuttle which speeded up the weaving process even more a number of attempts had been made to provide a solution in 1761 the Society of Arts also offered a prize for an invention that could spend six threads at once but without success Hargreaves solve this problem by inventing a machine that could operate eight spindles at once this immediately increased the supply of thread to the loom and boosted cloth production legend has it that the design occurred to him when a conventional spinning wheel stopped over and kept revolving with the thread still retained in the spinners hand the traditional spinning jenny the one Hargreaves invented had a metal frame with eight spindles attached to it then the eight rovings bundles of fiber will be attached to the spindles then extended so that they would go through two bars that were horizontal then those would be closed together that bar could then be moved across the top of the frame with the left hand of the spinner which extends the thread then using the hand wheel the spinner would use their right hand to spin it constantly very fast so that the spindles would rotate and the threads would be spun when the bar over time would come back to its original stamps the threads would have been spun Hargreaves initiative was assisted by the intervention and support of Robert Peel peel was a local calico manufacturer who would earlier sort Hargreaves helped in developing an improved carding system when he heard of Hargreaves invention he supported him by ordering more improved models for his Factory in East Daniel however all the spinners and handloom Weaver's fearing that the process would threaten their livelihoods organised themselves marched on Staniel and destroyed the spinning Jenny's in Hargreaves cottage and impious factories Hargreaves fled to Nottingham where he set up a factory with Thomas James Hill went on to establish a great cloth manufacturing dynasty his grandson was Sir Robert Peel Prime Minister of Great Britain [Music] sadly Hargreaves became mired in disputes about patents failed to realize the wealth that might have come from his inventive genius however without the invention of the spinning jenny progress would have continued at a much slower pace later versions of the spinning jenny and did even more lines which made the machine too large for home use this led the way to factories and larger machines powered by water workers lost their independence factory owners also had greater control the spinning jenny revolutionized the efficiency and production of textiles by providing a vital link with other weaving inventions it was the beginning of the Industrial Revolution that shifted England Europe and the United States from an agrarian society to an industrial society and at the heart of this revolution was James Hargreaves [Music] Oh [Music]