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Pool pH Basics and Adjustment

Jun 28, 2025

Overview

This lecture covers the importance of pH in pool water, how to test and adjust it, and factors affecting pH balance.

Understanding pH in Pool Water

  • pH measures how acidic (low pH) or basic (high pH) your pool water is, on a scale from 0 to 14.
  • A pH of 7 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic, above 7 are basic.

Testing pH in Pools

  • Check your pool's pH level at least once a week.
  • Use electronic pH meters for high accuracy or test kits with indicators like phenol red.
  • Kits like the Taylor K2006 offer acid and base demand tests to determine how much chemical to add.

Adjusting pH Levels

  • Lower high pH using muriatic acid, dry acid, or pH down products.
  • To raise low pH, use borax (raises pH without raising alkalinity) or soda ash (raises both pH and alkalinity).
  • Baking soda mainly raises alkalinity, not pH.

Factors Affecting Pool pH

  • The type of pool surface impacts acid demand: plaster (cement) pools require more acid, while fiberglass/vinyl pools may need more base.
  • Sanitizers influence pH: trichlor tablets lower pH, cal hypo chlorine raises pH, and saltwater generators cause pH to rise over time.

Importance of pH Balance

  • Proper pH (7.2–7.4) makes sanitizers more effective at killing bacteria.
  • High pH makes sanitizers less effective and slows bacteria elimination.

Relationship Between pH and Alkalinity

  • Alkalinity measures how well water resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.
  • pH and alkalinity are closely linked; changes in one often affect the other.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • pH — a scale measuring how acidic or basic water is (0–14).
  • Alkalinity — the water's ability to resist pH change when acids or bases are added.
  • Sanitizer — chemical used to disinfect pool water (e.g., chlorine, cal hypo).
  • Acid Demand/Base Demand — the amount of acid or base needed to reach desired pH.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Test your pool's pH weekly using your preferred kit.
  • Adjust pH as required using appropriate chemicals.
  • Prepare to learn more about alkalinity in the next lecture/video.