Oral medications: fat-soluble, are absorbed in the intestines, and metabolized in the liver.
They transform into a water-soluble form in the liver and are excreted via bile or kidneys.
Effects on the Liver
Medications can lead to various liver diseases.
Liver failure and drug-induced liver diseases are significant problems.
Symptoms of liver disease: jaundice, abdominal pain, rash.
Dosage and application: Medication doses need careful adjustment in individuals with liver disease.
Effects on the Kidneys
Renal excretion: The elimination route of the drug depends on its concentration.
If over 200, it is excreted with bile.
If under 100, it is excreted with urine.
Circulation and Metabolism of Medications
Factors affecting the excretion of medications:
The condition of the liver.
The state of centrilobular and periportal cells.
Factors such as age, gender, genetics, pregnancy, and nutrition affect drug metabolism.
Age and Gender Factors
Age: Drug metabolism decreases in the elderly and can vary in children.
Gender: Women and men may have different dosage requirements.
Genetics and Pregnancy: Genetic predisposition and pregnancy require special attention.
Side Effects and Toxicity of Medications
Drug-related side effects: Can include allergic reactions, liver failure, and symptoms like jaundice.
Toxicity risks: Proper dosage and monitoring of medications are necessary.
Treatment and precautions: In case of suspected side effects, potential drug-related causes should be investigated and alternative treatments considered.
Specific Drug Groups and Their Effects on the Liver
Antibiotics and other drug groups: Certain antibiotics and drugs should be used with caution and their side effects monitored.
Medications needing special attention: Methotrexate, certain vitamins, and weight-loss products can affect liver health.
Administering Medications to Liver Patients
Administration of medications in liver patients should be done carefully, with specific attention to dosage and drug type.
Alternative treatment methods should be considered and the risks of medications well understood.
Symptoms of Side Effects
Common side effects: Symptoms like nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and rash should be monitored.
Severe side effects: Signs of liver failure should be closely monitored and immediate treatment is required.
Drug Metabolism and Monitoring
Laboratory tests: Liver enzymes and other tests should be regularly conducted during the treatment process.
Parameters needing special attention: ALT, AST values, and hepatic function tests.
Conclusion and General Recommendations
Careful use and regular monitoring of medications are crucial to protect liver health.
Medications should be applied considering patients' history and genetic predispositions.
Immediate medical help should be sought in case of any side effects, and alternative treatment methods should be pursued.