Introduction to C# for Beginners

Overview

• C# is a flexible language used for:
  • Console apps
  • Web services
  • Game development
• Average salary for a C# developer: $63,000/year

Getting Started with C#

• IDE Requirement: Use Visual Studio Community
• Installation:
  • Download from the official website
  • Choose .NET desktop development package
  • Optionally choose Unity package

Basic C# Program

• Create a new C# console application
• Main Method: Entry point of a C# program
  • static void Main(string[] args)
  • Code executes from top to bottom within the method

Output in C#

• Use Console.WriteLine() to display text
• Standard Output:
  • Example: Console.WriteLine("Hello World")
• Modify Output: Change text within quotes

Customizing Console Window

• Font and Size:
  • Right-click top left corner > Properties > Font
• Color and Layout:
  • Change text color and window size

Beep Sound

• Make the console beep with Console.Beep()

Introduction to Variables

• Variables store data values
• Declaration and Initialization:
  • Declare: int x;
  • Initialize: x = 123;
• Data Types:
  • int: Whole numbers
  • double: Decimal numbers
  • bool: True/False values
  • char: Single character
  • string: Text

Typecasting

• Convert data types explicitly
• Examples:
  • Convert double to int: Convert.ToInt32(value)

User Input

• Read input with Console.ReadLine()
• Convert input to required data type

Basic Arithmetic

• Operators: +, -, *, /, %
• Increment/Decrement:
  • Increment: i++ or i += 1
  • Decrement: i-- or i -= 1

Math Class

• Useful methods:
  • Math.Pow(base, power)
  • Math.Sqrt(value)

Random Numbers

• Use Random class to generate random numbers
• Methods:
  • Random.Next(min, max)
  • Random.NextDouble()

Control Structures

• If Statements: Decision-making
• Switch Statements: Efficient alternative to multiple if-else
• Logical Operators: && (and), || (or)

Loops

• While Loop: Repeats code while condition is true
• For Loop: Repeat a specific number of times
• Nested Loops: Loop within a loop

Arrays

• Store multiple values of the same type
• Access elements using index
• Multi-dimensional Arrays: Arrays of arrays

Methods

• Reuse code without rewriting
• Parameters: Pass data to methods
• Return Keyword: Return data from method

Objects and Classes

• Classes: Blueprint for creating objects
• Objects: Instance of a class
• Constructors: Special method to initialize objects

Inheritance

• Child classes receive fields and methods from parent class

Abstract Classes

• Cannot instantiate objects
• Defines base class for other classes

Interfaces

• Define a contract for classes

Lists

• Dynamic arrays that can change size
• Useful methods: Add(), Remove(), Contains()

Generics

• Allows for code reusability for different data types

Exceptions

• Handle errors using try-catch blocks

Multithreading

• Perform tasks concurrently using threads

Conclusion

• Practice and explore more advanced concepts like delegates, events, and LINQ for further mastery of C# programming.