Aran biology and Medicine videos please make sure to subscribe join the Forman group for the latest videos please visit Facebook Aran so cancer uh cancer is where you have uncontrolled proliferation of cells that arise from virtually any type of cell in the body so basically you can have bone cells skin cells gut cells and they can all develop and become cancer cells the word cancer itself comes from the Greek word carinoma which means crab hence the horoscope stuff the people who are born in cancer also has a crab symbol let us look at an example of cancer that may occur in the colon or in the large intestines so here I am drawing the large intestines Al also referred to as the colon these red mushy looking things represents a tumor tumor refers to some form of New Growth but when dealing with cancer like tumors it is better to refer to tumors as neoplasia which means New Growth but either way tumor and neoplasia mean the same thing which means New Growth but in this video I will use the word tumas more rather than neoplasia now cancer is a type of tumor that usually grows rapidly but not always always some tumors are slow growing such as the ones that occur in the lungs another fundamental thing to take in is that the term cancer refers to a malignant tumor and not a benign tumor but what is the difference between a malignant tumor and a benign one well let's have a closer look at the colon tumors here and see if we can differentiate it so here we have a of the colon this tumor here let's just say will represent a benign tumor now a benign tumor is slow growing it is relatively localized and has a well defined capsule so it doesn't really break off it's there it ALS um the colon naturally has a blood uh blood supply and nerve Innovation here shown here of course a nine tumor is not very dangerous but as it grows it can increase in severity because it can start pressing against nerve fibers for example and can produce pain but other than that benign tumors are not cancerous now let's look at a malignant tumor which can start off fairly small but as it grows the severity uh increases Dr drastically the tumor is this malignant tumor is not contained and can start digging underneath the layers of tissues like so and during this time the tumor will produce chemicals that will cause surrounding blood vessels to grow and so big tumors often have massive blood supply to feed the grow in need so the malignant tumor is characterized by first of all it's cancerous it grows rapidly it's uncapsulated and it consists of different types of cells because of various mutations um that occur and of course when I mean a malignant tumor I mean malignant tumors can also break off and travel to other areas or other organs in the body and cause tumors there so it's very dangerous so benign not so dangerous malignant very dangerous so off to a different topic let's look at some commonly diagnosed cancers so here I am drawing a lung because the lung um lung cancers are the second or third most common diagnosed cancers in male and females and this is because one there are many smokers in the world and two when cancer spreads from somewhere from from one area in the body it usually spreads to the lungs first so for females the most commonly diagnosed cancers are breast lung and coloral coloral means anywhere in the colon or rectal area for men the most commonly diagnosed cancers are prostate lung and coloral now the current 5year survival rate of 60% after cancer diagnosis means that people are living and this is great hopefully in the near future there will be improved treatment and interventions that will help people will with cancer to survive longer and in Comfort now let's learn a bit more about the pathophys pathophysiology and progression of cancer so we're looking at a malignant tumor