Lecture Notes: Rhinorrhea (Runny Nose)

Overview

What is Rhinorrhea?

• Rhinorrhea, commonly known as a runny nose, involves mucus running from the nose.
• Possible causes include cold/dry air, allergies, or infections such as the common cold.
• Related condition: Rhinitis, which is the inflammation of nasal tissues.
• Consistency and color of mucus vary with causes.
  • Allergies and cold temperatures usually cause watery discharge.
  • Infections result in thicker mucus.

Symptoms Often Associated

• Nasal congestion (stuffy nose)
• Sneezing
• Postnasal drip (mucus dripping down throat causing sore throat and cough)
• Itchy or watery eyes

Causes

Common Causes

• Allergies (e.g., pollen, pet dander)
• Viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu, COVID-19)

Other Causes

• Cold temperatures
• Lacrimation (excess tears)
• Sinus infection (sinusitis)
• Nasal polyps
• Nasal foreign body (especially in children)
• Nonallergic rhinitis
• Gustatory rhinitis (triggered by eating certain foods)
• Pregnancy rhinitis
• Certain medications (e.g., antidepressants, blood pressure meds)
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
• Opioid withdrawal

Care and Treatment

General Treatment

• Most cases resolve on their own; treatment is often unnecessary.

Specific Conditions

• Sinus infections: May require antibiotics or decongestants.
• Chronic rhinitis: May need ENT referral and possible surgery.
• Nasal foreign bodies: Require removal by a healthcare provider.

At-home Remedies

• Rest and hydration
• Warm, moist face cloth application
• Inhaling steam
• Using humidifiers or vaporizers
• Saline nasal sprays

Medications

• Expectorants
• Decongestants
• Antihistamines (especially for allergies)

Duration and Complications

Duration

• Viral infections: 10-14 days
• Allergies: As long as exposure to allergens continues

Possible Complications

• Postnasal drip
• Sinus infections
• Ear pain or infections

Prevention

General Tips

• Frequent handwashing
• Avoiding contact with sick individuals
• Healthy lifestyle to boost immunity
• Clean and disinfect common surfaces

Allergy Management

• Stay indoors during high pollen counts
• Use air conditioning instead of open windows
• Wear masks outdoors
• Avoid pets if allergic

When to See a Doctor

• Symptoms persist beyond three weeks
• Unilateral nasal discharge
• Accompanied by fever or breathing difficulty
• Swelling or vision issues
• Discharge post-head injury

Common Questions

COVID-19 and Rhinorrhea

• Runny nose can be a symptom of COVID-19 along with other symptoms like fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

Teething

• Teething does not cause a runny nose, but viral infections or allergies during teething might.

Notes

• A runny nose is usually temporary and a sign of an active immune system.
• Seek medical advice for unusual symptoms or prolonged cases.

For further medical advice or appointments, visit the Cleveland Clinic's website or consult a healthcare provider.