in this short video we'll be talking about barbiturates barbiturates are class of drugs that acts on the central nervous system and acts like an depressant so in the brain it works and give a coming effect it is used for sedative hypnotic and anti-convulsant properties so it basically acts on the garic synapsis and Alters the modularity in that synapsis so if zoom into a post synapse of a gabic synapse we can see the Gaba a type receptors which binds to the Gaba and allow chloride ion to get in so barbiturate enhan the inhibitory effect of gabar jic synapsis so this is a zoomed in view you can see that there are two different sites other than the Gaba binding SES in the in the gabic receptor so this site in Orange which is in the interface of Alpha and Gamma subunit is a Ben benzo aine binding site and the interface between Alpha and beta subunit is the barbiturate binding site so barbiturate binds to this particular site and what it what it does after binding so barbiturate increase the chloride influx um the way it increase is basically it allow the channel to be open for longer time so the influx duration of the chloride is increased due to the channel opening time this is very different from the benzo diab Zine which increased the frequency of opening but does not change the duration in this case barbituate change the duration of opening so as a result of too much chloride ion getting in the action potential firing probability is decreased at the post synaptic level so in the post synapse if we look at the membrane it becomes slowly more negative that means hyper polarized so that leads to uh reduced possibility of uh uh uh firing and action potential okay so let's talk about the usage of barbiturates so it could be used as sedatives so barbiturates like phenobarbitol were historically used to sedate people then it could be also used in terms of anesthesia thiopental is a short ing barbiturate used to rapid induction of anesthesia there could be also usage of barbiturate as anti-convulsant or seizure medication but there could be adverse effects of barbiturate as well it works like a CNS depressant it would lead to drowsiness sedation respiratory depression Etc overdose could be fatal then there are uh dependence of barbiturate that can grow that could lead to some sort of like addiction as well as uh there are other problems such as drug interactions barbiturate can induce hepatic enzymes such as C cyp 450 leading to accelerated metabolism of many other drugs so it changed the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in the body so it has to be carefully taken with the advice of a clinician so I hope this video was useful if you like this video give it a quick thumbs up don't forget to like share and subscribe see you in next video