Lecture on First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRP)

Introduction

• Jeremy’s IT Lab Course: Free CCNA course, encourages subscriptions, likes, and sharing.
• Focus of Video: First Hop Redundancy Protocols (FHRPs).
• Relevance: Topic 3.5 in exam; no need for configuration knowledge for the exam, but basic configurations will be shown for practice.

Purpose of FHRPs

• Definition: Protocols ensuring redundancy for default gateways in a network.
• Importance: Provides backup to maintain connectivity if the primary gateway router fails.

Overview of FHRPs

• Three Main FHRPs:
  1. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol): Cisco proprietary.
  2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol): Open standard, used across various devices.
  3. GLBP (Gateway Load Balancing Protocol): Cisco proprietary, supports load balancing within a subnet.
• Functionality: Basic understanding needed; focus on comparisons.

Detailed Protocols Explanation

HSRP

• Characteristics:
  • Cisco proprietary.
  • Two versions (v1 & v2): v2 supports IPv6 and more groups.
  • Uses multicast for communication: v1 uses 224.0.0.2, v2 uses 224.0.0.102.
• Virtual MAC Format:
  • v1: 0000 0c07 acxx (where xx is the group number)
  • v2: 0000 0c9F Fxxx
• Load Balancing: Different active routers in each subnet/VLAN for load distribution.

VRRP

• Characteristics:
  • Open standard.
  • Uses multicast address 224.0.0.18.
  • Terms: Master and Backup instead of Active and Standby.
• Virtual MAC Format: 0000 5e00 01xx (where xx is the group number in hexadecimal).
• Load Balancing: Possible between different subnets, not within a single subnet.

GLBP

• Characteristics:
  • Cisco proprietary.
  • Supports load balancing within a single subnet.
  • Uses multicast address 224.0.0.102 (same as HSRP v2).
• Virtual MAC Format: 0007 b400 xxxy (where xxx is the group number and y is the AVF number).
• Roles: Active Virtual Gateway (AVG) and Active Virtual Forwarders (AVFs).

Configurations and Commands

• Basic HSRP Configuration:
  • Interface Configuration: Use STANDBY command with group number.
  • Version: Set using STANDBY VERSION 2.
  • Virtual IP: STANDBY <group> IP <virtual-ip>.
  • Priority: Determines active router with STANDBY PRIORITY <value>.
  • Preemption: Enabled with STANDBY PREEMPT, allows active role takeback.

Quiz & Practice

• Quiz Questions: Cover MAC addresses, router roles, message types, and protocol characteristics.
• Boson ExSim: Recommended for practice, with detailed explanations and Cisco references.

Additional Resources

• Supplementary Materials: Flashcard deck for Anki, packet tracer practice lab.
• Subscription and Support: Encouragement to subscribe, share, and provide tips.