Trusted Platform Modules (TPM) and Cryptographic Security

Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

• Definition: A standardized hardware component on modern motherboards.
• Purpose: Provides cryptographic functions for individual computers.
• Functions:
  • Generates random numbers and cryptographic keys.
  • Stores keys securely and persistently, unique to the machine.
  • Utilized for secure key generation (e.g., full disk encryption).
  • Works with BitLocker for key creation and storage.
• Security:
  • Password protected, immune to brute force or dictionary attacks.

Hardware Security Modules (HSM)

• Usage: For large-scale cryptographic functions in data centers.
• Features:
  • Clustering for redundancy (power supplies, network connectivity).
  • Provides secure storage for encryption keys across multiple servers.
  • Incorporates cryptographic accelerators for efficient real-time encryption/decryption.
• Applications:
  • Secure storage of web server encryption keys.
  • Performs fast cryptographic functions via hardware.

Key Management System

• Functionality:
  • Centralized management of encryption keys.
  • Can be deployed on-premises or cloud-based.
  • Key separation from data being protected.
  • Automatic key rotation for enhanced security.
  • Logging and reporting for key usage and status.
• Dashboard Capabilities:
  • View and manage SSL, SSH, and other keys.
  • Track certificate authorities, expiration, and licensing details.
  • Create reports on key usage, activity, and status.

Data Privacy Challenges

• Distributed Data: Data spread across multiple systems (laptops, mobile phones, etc.).
• Security Evolution: Continuous need to adapt as attackers find new methods.
• Data Dynamics: Need for privacy while ensuring ease of data modification.

Secure Enclave

• Purpose: Dedicated to data privacy on devices.

• Characteristics:

  • Separate security processor, independent from main CPU.
  • Present in mobile phones, laptops, desktop systems.
  • Ensures data privacy even if devices are compromised.

• Features:

  • Own boot ROM and process monitoring, especially during boot.
  • True random number generator for cryptographic operations.
  • Real-time encryption of data in transit.
  • Built-in cryptographic keys, non-modifiable.
  • Performs AES encryption in hardware.

• Conclusion: Secure Enclaves enhance data privacy through specialized hardware capabilities, maintaining data security across all devices.