Notes on Protestant and Calvinist Beliefs in the Early Church

Introduction

• Discussion on the desire of many Christians to emulate the early church.
• Clarification on which early church is referenced (e.g., those addressed by Paul for issues).

The Argument Against Protestantism

• Common argument: Protestantism is only 500 years old, implying it lacks historical legitimacy.
• Some Catholics and Orthodox claim Protestantism was founded by Martin Luther and John Calvin.

Response to the Argument

• Protestantism as a Reformation:
  • It wasn’t about creating a new church but reforming the existing church.
  • The term "Reformation" indicates a change or improvement of existing beliefs rather than starting anew.
• Comparison to Christianity's evolution from the Old Testament to the New Testament.

Early Church Beliefs vs. Protestant Ideas

• Acknowledgment that Protestantism did not exist in its current form in the early church.
• Some Protestant ideas existed in the early church in seed form.

Key Examples of Protestant Ideas in the Early Church

1. Use of Icons:
   • Early church had different views on iconography; some opposed the use of icons in worship.
   • Protestant reformers highlighted this departure from early church practices.
2. Communion Practices:
   • Both Catholic and Orthodox churches have varying practices (e.g., intinction) regarding communion.
   • Early church practices included communion in both kinds (bread and wine).

Renaissance and the Reformation

• The Reformation coincided with the Renaissance's drive to return to original sources (ad Fontes).
• Rediscovery of early church texts led to reassessment of beliefs.

The Role of Tradition

• Tradition is important, but does not hold the same infallibility as scripture.
• Progressive revelation in understanding God and doctrine.

Church Fathers and Protestant Beliefs

• Church fathers had varying beliefs; not all supported Protestant doctrines unanimously.
• Example of St. Augustine's views on predestination aligning more with Calvinist ideas.
• Realistic view of church history: church fathers' beliefs existed in various forms, not aligning with any one modern denomination.

Conclusion

• Protestantism should be seen as branching from early church roots, not as a complete departure.
• All denominations stem from the early church and have evolved over time.
• Importance of the Bible in determining what is correct in theology.