Overview
This lecture introduces Erving Goffman's theory of the presentation of self, explaining how people use dramaturgy and impression management to shape social interactions.
Goffman's Dramaturgical Theory
- Erving Goffman compared social interactions to theatrical performances, with people acting as performers on a social stage.
- Individuals adopt different roles or "social masks" to influence how others perceive them.
- Social situations are like scenes where individuals aim to elicit specific reactions from their "audience."
Front Stage and Backstage Behavior
- The "front stage" is where individuals present themselves publicly, adhering to social norms and managing impressions.
- The "backstage" is private, allowing individuals to relax, drop their masks, and act authentically.
- People switch between front stage and backstage depending on the social context.
Examples of Front Stage and Backstage
- In a job interview (front stage), candidates act confident and professional; privately (backstage), they may express doubt or seek support.
- On social media (front stage), users curate positive images of themselves; privately (backstage), they share true feelings or seek advice with close friends.
Impression Management Techniques
- Dramatic realization: Using body language and speech to communicate effectively (e.g., politicians projecting confidence).
- Signaling: Employing props, clothing, or symbols to convey social status or identity (e.g., wearing suits in corporate environments).
- Idealization: Highlighting strengths and achievements while downplaying weaknesses, such as when dating.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Dramaturgy — Analyzing social life as a series of theatrical performances.
- Front Stage — The public area where individuals manage impressions and follow social norms.
- Backstage — The private area where individuals can be themselves without social pressures.
- Impression Management — Strategies used to influence others’ perceptions in social interactions.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review Goffman’s examples of front stage and backstage behavior in your daily life.
- Reflect on your own use of impression management techniques in different scenarios.