So we were left with the last topic. Uh very very uh good afternoon to online students. I want this. will be energy resources. Energy resources now we have to do the renewable and nonrenewable resources that they have already done. Conventional source of energy. Conventional means your nonrenewable conventional conventional mean already which is been used in use already. Traditional way unconventional is the opposite which is your renewable source of energy. daily basis. Good afternoon everyone as well. Okay. All right. So yes. So what we need to come to the concl for what we have to do about this is so conventional source of energy what should come what should ideally come in a conventional source of energy coal petroleum and natural gases and h or H water in renewable okay we using thermal thermal is what coal only 54% of our energy are derived from coal right so we haven't started much online students who are just joining Then also I am very energetic. Hello Okay. So where were we the parts are divided and sources are divided into two metallic and non metallic. Since we have done metallic and nonmetallic and with respect to that I have also given the distribution of the areas. Why I have given the distribution of the areas because these are the lowanging fruits mineral and that when that will be asked you will be having what no issue is not of NCRT plus extra nodes extra NC do not worry about that The more you will it will beneficial for you because you don't have to worry about resources and nonrenewable Nonvental solar energy in a daily basis. On a daily basis we are using the thermal power plants coming from coal only. daily using that on the daily basis. Okay. Up. Come. Come. Please remove the coal. And can you think like that that everything is based out of your energy solar panels? No doubt about it. electricity they trying to drown from the solar panels which have been placed in a high-rise buildings right but what about the other sector other people who are living in colonies coal maximum coal only dependent green tech real estate So that is what aa what we can focus more on. What we can focus more on conventional non-conventional conventional traditional traditional non-renewable renewable non-renewable conventional means nonrenewable nonvential means clear so energy resources First because of good weather. After good weather also the humidity has not gone. Right? Write down conventional sources of energy. Conventional sources of energy. Conventional sources of energy. What is the conventional sources of energy? Write down the first point. Pole. Write on the first point hole. Then write down under it. Pole provides hole provides. Pole provides a substantial part of part of nation energies nations energy 54% I have given this data to you already I guess 54% of what percent this data has been given to you in advance Okay. Second point is India is highly dependent on India is highly dependent on India is highly dependent on poll for meeting poll for meeting It's it's commercial energy requirements. Commercial energy requirements. Third point, pole is formed due to coal is formed due to compression of plant materials. Compression of plant materials over million of years. Compression of plant materials over million of years. Next point. Pole is formed. Pole is formed in varieties of forms. Coal is formed in varieties of forms depending upon forms. Forms means types. Depending upon the degrees of compression, the degrees of compression and the depth and time of and the depth and time of burial. B U R I B U R I A L. See type wise it depends upon three types. The first type that we have is entraite. The first one we have is anthraasite. Where the anthraite is found in India only in Himalayan regions in Jammu and Kashmir. That is the finest form of coal. It is the finest form of coal. Why? How we are accessing how we are able to tell come to the conclusion that it is the finest form of coal. reason being because the carbon which is being emitted so carbon content is very high around 90%. or other gases which is releasing liberating SO2 sulfur dioxide the sulfur content is very less so carbon content is high this has been asked in your UPSC prelims not once twice okay and sulfur content is less we have not asked about The anthraite they have asked about the richness. Okay. Sulfur content is less or sulfur content less. That means the other fumes the other liberating gases will be less. That means your Energy Zada. Energy generation is more to generate this amount of energy. It means that only experienced person. There is a saying that if I'm being paid so much, it's not because I did the work in 10 minutes. You never know. I have spent 10 years to learn the skill to do that work in 10 minutes. You owe me for 10 years, not for the 10 minutes. Getting the point? Because So you owe me for the 10 years. Do not count my timings charge. So that is what you owe me for 10 years not for 10 minutes. So this is what right? So this is carbon content is high sulfur content is low. This is called anthraittes. Jammu and Ver because better USA very good USA you will get best form of but USA is al knowing the fact Like we have to move to electric he's going to he wants Greenland now. Why? Because Greenland has major portion of rare earth mineral. Major portion of rare earth rare earth mineral China. He's working on that product. Raat you joined so late. What happened? Any which way? Okay. Okay. No problem. I'll repeat what we have done. Okay. So the there are three points. Okay. So how many types of code you're having? You're having the first type that we have discussed is anthraite. So we are doing the types of coal which is a one of the energy resource which is anthraite. Anthraise is the finest form of coal. Carbon content is high rich in carbon content. sulfur content is less found where in USA next you want to write about I will dictate some points. You know what is the best way to learn anything? Right. That will make memory connect because it is highly recommendable that you should write more. I have to decide. They have posted that they have been not given I guess. probably 10 July start won't be able to come because 11th 11th it will I only tell them at what date you have to you have to start a new batch. They ask this. I don't know why they ask this. I'll inform them again. Done. Point. First point. This is the best quality of coal. This is the best quality of this is the best quality of coal and contains 60 to 80%. And guys who all are living near This is a little gentle reminder to all of you. Yeah, you come from Gura daily having a home or what Please humble request. online. Don't touch electrics. Safety is really important and avoid uh being in lifts. Please. Okay. This is online students also. student the safest people. Okay. Now uh second point it is very hard. First point which contain over 80% over 80% carbon over 80% carbon. Second, it is very hard. It is very hard and compact. Obviously, it is very hard and compact. Jet black. J E T. Jet black. Jet black hole having semi lusture. having semimetric lusture. L U S T R E. L U S T R E. Okay. Third point, it has the highest heating value. It has the highest heating value and burns without and burns without smoke or root. Burns without smoke or root. Root smoke in understandable. Comma which make it suitable for domestic use. Which make it suitable for domestic use. Fourth point. It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir. It is found only in Jammu and Kashmir and that two in small quantity and that to in small quantity. Okay. Okay. So next next type that we have is not so good obviously but your type of coal this type of coal is found maximum in India which is vitaminous type of coal not that bad it's not as great as entrite but it's good having 70% of carbon right 65 to 70% of carbon it has sulfur content as a compar First point, this is the most widely used. This is the most widely used and contains 60% to 80% carbon. 60% to 80% carbon. Second, it is dense. Second is it is dense comma compact. It is dense comma compact and brittle and brittle. Brittle means toot and is usually of which color? Black color only. It is usually of it is usually of black color. I'll repeat it again. This is the most widely This is the most widely used pole and contains 60 to 80% carbon. Second point, it is dense comma brittle and usually black color. Okay. Third point it's calor uh calorific value it's t a l o r i f i c t a l o r i f i value is very high calorific value is very high due to high proportion Due to high proportion of carbon due to high proportion of carbon and low moisture low moisture content. Okay. Fourth point, it is found in It is found in Jark, Bihar. It is found in Jark, Bihar, comma, Odisa, comma, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Okay, please read and if you have any doubt till here ask me Check it. Now next what? Leg night. Write down night. L I G N I T E L I G N I T E L I G N I T E is a lower grade. It is a lower grade. Which is soft telling is written here. Lower grade plus soft. Lower grate which is soft with high moisture content with high moisture content and contains 60% of carbon. Can anybody tell me if the moisture content is high why it is not considered as a good? What is moisture doing to them? Why motion is not right for the course? Correct. more amount of generate high energy moisture content is not good. Anel is saying due to moisture doesn't burn. Yes, good to write down. It is known as brown co. It is also known as brown coal. It is also known as brown cold is saying no full compression of cold. Yes. Okay. Now its color varies from dark to black brown. Actually it colors varies from dark to black brown. Next line. It is found in Pala of Rajasthan. Rajasthan. How many of you knew this? Rajasthan. Who will tell me the right answer? basically plate is a part of plate only. is found in Rajasthan of Tamil Nadu. Spelling N E V Y E L I Ni of Raj sorry of Tamil Nadu comma Hakimur of Assam. H A K H I M P U R Hakimur of Raj Assam and Ka of and Ka K A R E W A K A R E W A Ka of Jammu and Kashmir. Kura of Jammu and Kashmir. Okay. Next line. Pete. P E A T. Pete. P E A T. Peach. Peach. This is the lowest grade of lowest grade. This is the first state of transition. First point, this is the first state of transition of wood into coal. This is the first state of transition of wood into coal. Okay. Second point, it contains It contains 50 to 60% It contains 50 to 60% carbon. It contains 50 to 60% carbon. And please write on the third point. It burns like wood. It burns like wood. Comma. Gives less heat. Gives less heat. Comma. Emits more smoke. Emits more smoke. and leaves lot of ash and leaves lot of ash after burning. Okay. coal areas. So classification of coal fields fields in India means Tertiary period. Tertiary period. So terty please don't Yeah. 2015. Similarly, tertiary location or tertiary may be different. Okay. So that's why we classify the cold fields in India on the basis of two periods which is Gwana and Tury or cold fields Gwana cold fields or tury fields online students are you getting everything please ask if you're not Please raise hand. Okay. Ael everything is clear. Good. What about rest? Got it. Survi Wanchika Akancha Akansa said yes. Excellent. Okay. Wika you also update your status. Okay. So cold one cold field is what? Write down under gold fields. Write down under goal please. Goana coal gone wana coal is over 200 million is over 200 million years ago. 200 years 200 million years in the age in age gold was found sorry gold coal was found I'm repeating again waitana coal is over 200 million years ago in which Gold wana coal was formed. In which gold wana coal was formed in the mo the the mo the damod valley. Where is damod valley? Extreme important point here. West Bengal. J H A R I A. Then Rani G. R A N I R A N I G A N J. Rani R A N I G A N J. Comma. Bo. B O K A R O. B O K A R O. Go, go, go. Delta Gabri, Mahanadi, comma, son. S O N S and Vha. W A R D H A VHA valleys. Tertiary coal fields. Next. Tertiary coal. Write down tertiary rock system. Tertiary rock system. Beer coal of beers coal of younger age. Beer school of younger age. which are only about which are only about 55 which are only about 55 million years ago which is about but as compared to it is less purana 55 years old and are mainly confined to the and are mainly confined to the extra peninsula. Extra peninsula. Full stop. Important area of tertiary type of coal. Important area of tertiary type of uh tertiary type of coal includes meala m e g h a l a y a meala comma arunachal pradesh and naga land t with respect to migala there has been a question in mains also with respect to this topic theme. So what they have asked they have asked there's a rat hole mining which happens in Megalia. What is this rat hole mining is? It's mentioned in your NCERTT also. What is this rat hole mining? Deep illegally people extract the coals out of it which is not even safe. The coal extraction process is not a very very normal process. First of all, the mines that you're going to get is very deep. Second, you need to have some basic kind of equipments for your prevention. Your safety measures has to be taken. Then only you can go inside, right? They keep a hole. Ratole mining is a metaphor. People come they dig so so much and then they try to extract the coal so that they can make money out of it. Mining it is took lot of lives of people. It's a very dangerous process. Therefore in the Gal lot of these illegal sites where the extraction of the coal used to be done they have stopped it. They try to regulate it, monitor it. So prevention I'm discussing don't need to write all this. How will you approach such questions? Can somebody tell me Thank you. How many of you have seen this movie called Rani Ganch? There's a movie called who has acted in it then you will Understand what we call this can be a very very dangerous situation for a lot of people. influence. We have extracted, we have so much of money then other community will get what influenced society. How the society is soiety It's a Christian society. How many of you have gone to Medal? I've been to Medall. I've gone to many many places of it. Beautiful place to go. Anybody would ask me which place you should go. One I will say Munar in Kerala. The other one I will say Nigalia. living paradise heaven situation too much literate people they are Christians they follow Christianity they so so much of cleanliness even one of the village there have been named as one of the what best it's the cleanest village of the world right mingro it no what is that name masing masing is having the maximum rainfall What is that? I'm just forgottening the name. Cleanest village clean. You will not find even a single particle on the road. And I've seen people myself there's a day that they fix to clean everything. People will come out they will they fix today and then workers come to clean everything. So much disciplines everything is there. There are three hills. Kasi is a tribe also. Kasi is a tribe also. Not only hills, they are tribe. Go is also a tribe. That is what you've gone to is a beautiful place. Amazing beach and then you have this mining thing. It was living root bridge option. Living root bridge gone there also. Bamboo bridgeamb students getting my point they've gone to living bridge I don't remember I think 2019 18 question. So you have to be vigilant mining. What answers we can write? Which movie you can watch? It is that difficult. They like big fan of movies. You guys go to movie theater. I have heard that the book theater with big following and Andra especially. Okay, good. Rakshhat is also from south. No, Rakshit must be telling Rakshhat they're like you treat actors like God. Who's your favorite actor? Ram Churin. Good. Okay. Next. Petroleum. Please write down petroleum. or cosmetics and understand the process. Crude form process which the process is known as any can anybody tell me the process name is something different what is the name of the process somebody is helping me with this is writing Refining. Yes, this is one of the term. I think the term is distillation or you can call it refining also to be simple to be precise. refining different different temperatures, different different types. crude oils. What is that? Distillation only. Yes, that is distillation. Huh? Temperature based, right? H I was right. Fractional distillation. It's a distillation. But I was a fractional distillation process. distillation. What is that? Liqufied petroleum gas. And you use liqufied petroleum gas in your home for cooking. Okay. Next form. See the process of separating petrol from crude oil is called fractional distillation. Done. That is the word. obvious coastal region Mumbai Mumbai coast correct coast you have bigger refining refineries refinery Reliance Reliance refinery Petroleum. Excellent place for the petetro extraction. The word petroleum. The word petroleum has been derived from The word petroleum has been derived from two Latin words. Two Latin words. The first one is Petra. Petra. P E T R A. The first one is Petra meaning rock. meaning rock. And second one is olium. O L E O L E U M. Olium meaning oil. When you are extracting the oil from the rocks, this is the system of petroleum. Okay. Next point. Thus, petroleum is oil. Thus, petroleum is oil obtained from obtained from rocks, comma, particularly particularly sedimentary rocks of the earth. sedimentary rocks of the earth. Full stop. Therefore, it is called It is called mineral oil. Therefore, it is called a mineral oil. Ruhan and what is Sanjana? I asked for your copies. They they are unable to find their copy I have given because I found it they have given submitted copy either you have to go and check with them copy can you name the person so that I can ask directly in admin department the fair one he's actually on of eight weeks I knew I figure it out yours you have also submitted to him she's identifying All right. First job. Petroleum is a is an inflammable inflammable liquid that is composed of hydrocarbon. Composed of hydrocarbon uses petroleum. What is the major use of petroleum? Power. Combustion. Combustion. Energy. Right. Write down. It is a major source of power. It is a major source of power for vehicles. Second point. It provides most important. It provides most important. Lubricating. L U V R I. Lubricating. L U B R I. Lubricating. agents and is used as important raw material. and is used as important raw material. Next here it provides sorry petroleum refineries write down petroleum refineries. Next point petroleum refineries act as nodal industry. Nodal industry for many industries like textile fertilizer chemical industry. Next formation formation. First point in regions of folding anticclines foldings. Anticline mountains. So this is known as your sink line. Okay. And the one this portion is known as anticline. Okay. This is called sink line. This is called anticline. Now write down in the region of folding anticline or dams or dams. Oil is trapped. Oil is trapped in the crest of in the crest of upfold. Second point, gas being lighter, gas being lighter occurs above oil. occurs above oil. Now I am going to tell you very important point for this. Please underline 63% of India's 63% of India's petroleum production 63% of India's petroleum production is from Mumbai high is from Mumbai high comma 18% is from Gujarat 18% is from Gujarat and 16% is from Assam. 16% is from Assam region. Right. Okay. Fourth point. Ankle ishwar. K N K L A N K E L D E S E S H W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W A Raleshwar is the most important field of Gujarat field of Gujarat. Now major oil fields India. The first one is the boy. D I B D I G B O I D G B O Y. Next is Nahar. Don't write this one. Uh second one we give Moran region. M O R A N. M O R A N H U G R I J A N. Can you tell me other type of natural other type of non-conventional resources? Natural gas. Natural gas. Write down. Next is natural gas. specializ. Question. Now write down advantages of natural gas. Write down. It can be both. It can be both source of energy. Source of energy and important raw material and important raw material in prochemical industry. Write down natural gas is associated with or without petroleum natural gas not necessary. So I'll tell you if you're talking about petroleum gases sorry petroleum petroleum fractional distillation the process which I have told you get different products at different level. So natural gas can be found here. So it can be associated with petroleum products and cannot be associated with petroleum products. Natural gas. It is also very free but we can't say this. We can't see. Okay. Write down it can be used as a source of energy. Okay. Write down second point. Natural gas is finding association with or without petroleum. Right. Third, I'm asking you to tell me this. It takes less time. It takes less time to build a power plant based on natural gas. Okay. Now your fourth point. It is easy to transport gas. It is easy to transport gas through gas pipelines. Last point, it is considered as environmental friendly because of low carbon dioxide. It is considered very very environmental friendly because of low carbon dioxide emissions. Okay. What are the results which are found natural gas please write down in Krishna Godavari basin in Krishna Godavari basin comma reserves of Mumbai high reserves of Mumbai The fields are found in Gulf of Cami. The fields are also found in Gulf of Cambi. Next point and man and Nikobar. Under man and Nikobar. Now the next type of resources that we are having is what? Gulf of Tambber we are looking for coals or we looking for petroleum. Sorry your this thing looking for this water or we looking for coal water. What is how the electricity from water is being generated? Can somebody tell me the process? energy. It will run the turbines. When turbines will move very very fast, it is going to produce what? Electricity. So your potential energy I'm not getting space. Sorry. So your potential energy is being changed into connected to run the turbines and in turn it is producing electricity. So this is the whole process. It is maintained at certain height very fast. Now write down write down the uh main point electricity electricity generally uh generated through two ways. By running water which drives hydro turbine. By running water which drives hydro turbine to generate hydro electricity. And second point by burning of other fuels. By burning of other fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas to dry turbines to produce thermal power. Okay. Hydro electricity. Hydro electricity. It is generated by It is generated by fast flowing water. It is generated by fast flowing water. Second point, it is a renewable source of energy. Next point, India has number of India has number of multi-purpose projects. What do you mean by multi-purpose project? Please complete what is multi-purpose project. Very good. Right. So multi-purpose project you're not using one this project only for one task. You're just not creating the electricity. You're also giving what? You're supplying the livelihood. You are giving for the agriculture to provide the water to the nearby villages. Correct? Domestication. So there are lot of purposes for which you're using that particular project. That's why known as multi-purpose project. Okay. For example, bhakra nangal b h a k r a n a n g a l a bakraal. Comma Damoder Valley. Damoder Valley. Comma Copili Hyd Power. Copili means K O P I L I CI Hyd Power Project. Next point. They do not cause any pollution. Okay. Next point, these should be near the source of energy. And the last 25% of the total energy is produced in India through hyd plants. Thermal power. Secondly, thermal power. Big point. Thermal power. Second type. Please understand. See when I say thermal, thermal means what? heat I'm also representing I'm also talking about natural gas represents all of these three Presentation 54. It is generated by It is generated by coal, comma, petroleum and natural gas. Second point, they are exhaustable resources of energy. Exhaustible means they will Yes. Third point, these are I'm I'm just replying to your question. Just wait. Okay, let me complete this. These causes pollution. Fourth point, this can be set at any place. Fifth, out of total production 70% of production is through thermal. Total production 70% production is through. Now nuclear or atomic energy. Nuclear or atomic energy. First point, it is obtaining by altering the structure by altering the structure of energy. which is released in the form of which is released in the form of heat. And this is used to generate And this is used to generate electric power. And this is used to generate electric power. Second point, uranium and thorium I'll explain this nucleomic power. Okay, do not worry. uranium and thorium which are available in char which are available in char and the aravali ranges and the aravi ranges of Rajasthan of Rajasthan are nuclear power a nuclear power. This point came in 2023 prelims direct question was asked. Third point the bonsai scent. Monzite m o n a z i t e monza. And this question was asked in pre 2023 is also rich in thorium. Bonsai scent of Kerala is also rich in thorium. Fourth point, it has vast potential for future development. It has vast potential for future development. And fifth point, it is very economical. energy resources. Please check in your note type solar wind you have done now. So let me explain first nuclear and atomic power. What about wind turbine? Huh? Wind turbine turbines. Wind turbine. Okay. Okay. Okay. So that is a wind energy that will come in a uh it's a renewable source of energy that where your which is there. So you place a wind turbines there. Okay. This is heat say so electricity generation happens there is a renewable s force of energy which you are asking that is a mechanical turbine electricity generation uranium so and then we'll start with a new topic. I'll explain you a bit. So reason why solar energy sorry energy resources conservation is important and then it will be end and then we'll start with a new topic. Okay. last power right nuclear atomic energy right so this question came in 2023 in Kerala there's a monite stand3 which was rocketry boys rocketry boys which is based on the homie baba homie baba who designed the first nuclear setup for India to he mentioned this point that is a power. Uranium and to some extent thorium also uranium 2 92 to 98 not sure thorium I guess uh 253 we should not write numbers. So these are uranium. So U292 is 235o. These are known as radioactive elements. react materials. Phys 9 292 second 292 particles dividing that's why the process is known as fision You need something to react with it. Something will turn at this 292 Power which is this only but once you throw something at them they are the materials and they never stop. So they keep on dividing like that. So this is the process of nuclear power plant generation sorry nuclear electricity generation. There's a place called kapakam in which you will find very famous nuclear power plant. But you don't have to do now which is fast reader pressurized high water types types. Students, have you got this last point? Students, have you got this? Please let me know. Okay, good. Ma'am secondary lecture is visible but just saying invalid meeting I have missed that lecture I want to see Akancha that day only I have mail to admin raising your concern that day itself okay uh so what you can do if personally you're not able to see that lecture you call admin department then I will personally tell on your behalf in case I lecture people are not able to access or June I have informed them it is showing showing but it's saying invalid meeting I have missed that lecture okay in that case uh I'll tell someone to mail you. Let's sort it out this way. Done. See, thank you class.