all right greetings students Professor Mayu and Pim here and this is a brief video that I'm making just to give a brief part two on chapter 21 in theuh textbook it's a couple of items that I want to briefly share with you and they're going to be on the upcoming test that will be on October 21st so let me cover these items and uh so you will be prepared for the test so why don't we go to the modules all right so the with the modules just to briefly review terms of of the uh the learning objectives we indicated what the objectives were for chapter 21 the text so I want to um briefly highlight the third and fourth bullet points so Margaret Sanger uh who's the founder of what eventually became known as planed Parenthood that's 21.52 and then also 2153 um these two particularly the 2153 is a couple of items that uh you need to to know and um okay so let's take a look at the the chapter so this will be a brief brief uh commentary on that um first there's going to be uh a test it'll be on October 2st so this is a study guide you can pull it up either as a PDF or as a Word document either way and all of the items that are going to be on the test are here so there'll be multiple choice and short answers and um it'll be about a 50 minute Test - minutes and you'll be able to take it any time on October the 21st so these are the items we've covered these since we started the semester all of these different items make sure you have an understanding remember historical context means everything when and where as well as why any of this is important so you have a pretty much a guideline of what you should be studying for the test but what I hadn't covered that's going to be on the test it's in the chapter so you need to read it are um few items on the back here of and that is the philosophy of bookery Washington web de Boyce who's William Edward Bogart de Boyce and then also Marcus Garvey and one other thing I'll just point out the Roosevelt Corollary and these are items that are certainly in the chapter but I want to make sure I point out to you just a little bit of information so that you can be prepared so let's go to the textbook and um make sure that you know where this material is in the in the textbook so all right this section in chapter 21 this uh section on um 21.5 it's the women's movement and black activism so we want to specifically mention uh first in this um in this section is the the focus on birth control now this is a this is a phrase coined by Margaret Sanger in 1913 so she was a leading birth control Advocate and so margar Sanger emerged in the early 20th century as someone who promoted birth control and contraception um being available to women and at the time it was it was pretty much illegal it was against the comto law for for um anyone to distribute anything dealing with contraception in the mail so here's marget Sanger this is a photograph she's just out of jail in this Photograph this is Sanger uh as she and her sister and one other person they open up the in 1916 so this is uh Sanger and they have this section on on her writings the the woman Rebel family limitations she also was the editor of the birth control revieww as well and margus Sanger eventually became a very controversial figure so you want to make sure you read this section and have a good understanding of margar Sanger because there's going to be a Margaret Sanger assignment and um that's that's that's already available in the uh in the modules so margar Sanger is very controversial she has now become she's one of the founders of what eventually became known as planned parenthood so there'll be an assignment around that so look for that right in the modules so that's one thing I want to point out and then the other um section is on racism and accommodation so I want to emphasize this a little bit more and in this section it really relates to chapter 20 this is what fueled a lot of the lynchings and the Jim Crow racial segregation era in the mistro shows as black people were presented as a degenerate race that were prone to Crime violence and this is what undergirded the U the virent racism that became a Hallmark of us uh social practice it was a it was a public phenomena to just go out and Lynch people without evidence without a trial and this section deals with that so 21.5 three covers that information now there was a response so what's important is to know about the response to this so one of the the persons that emerged that responded to this kind of um extreme racism in America was bookery Washington bookery Wasing one of the great leaders who founded the the uh Tuskegee Institute he was born in slavery uh bugti Washington and he um uh he was in slavery the first nine years of his life he eventually uh founded the Tuskegee Institute which is still around today it's one of the most respected historically black in colleges and and universities in the country country so most of the the black historically black colleges they were either founded by the Freeman's Bureau or by the um by like the am Church so the missionary churches Christian churches were founding a lot of black um educational facilities colleges universities because it was illegal to teach black people to read and write during slavery and even after slavery they were not allowed to integrate with the white public with the established institutions like the heart like the the Ivy League schools Yale Princeton Harvard uh Dartmouth um so they were not allowed to to enroll in those institutions so independent black institutions were established since Tuskegee and Alabama is one of the most uh popular and famous so what Booker Washington did is that he created Tuskegee Institute to focus on Industrial he called it industrial education um some called it moral education but they had already been taught morals and morality and good character even during slavery but what what bgy Washington established was um trades or industrial education or trade schools where people would would learn practical skills vocational skills like uh carpentry Brick Lane farming these kind of home economics this is what Brooky Washington um taught and focused on at The skegee Institute so um today by the way if you want to make a relationship or comparison it's at our campus CCC or in our district even in the state of California see te CTE is Career Technical education and some of the CTE programs are automotive nursing EMT uh Health and Human Services early childhood development those are part of the the uh CTE uh departments on our campus these are like trades we used to actually have a a um a dental program for quite a while maybe up until about 10 12 years ago so anyway that's equivalent to the book Washington school so boogery Washington uh he also promoted the what he called the movable school where you can teach Farmers the new techniques scientific techniques in farming in order to produce more yield but he was not just focused on those who came to the training but also the responsibility for those who came to learn the new techniques it was their responsibility to go out and teach others he called that the movable school so he emerged as a leader not just with the skiggy Institute that he founded in 1881 but he gave a speech in 1895 this is one of the most uh popular speeches in the uh in the post Civil War era in the 19th century because at this conference in Atlanta bookery Washington he um gave a he gave commentary where he did not challenge lynching he didn't challenge lynching he didn't publicly challenge um the political situation in the US um at all but what he did do he he told black people in this speech it's called the Atlanta Compromise speech people thought he compromised rather than challenging the racism he said don't focus on that he said don't ask where is the water he said you're like in a he's talking to pretty much a black audience you're in a boat and there's water all around you so don't say where's the water or I'm thirsty just as they say here cast down your bucket where you are you have water all around you in other words he's saying you have the resources so bookery Washington was focused on on uh on black people Building Trades among themselves and Vocational skills to build their own communities and that was his focus and not really to publicly challenged racism so bti Washington um he also he wrote a he wrote his book Up From Slavery and he indicated that even though we're separated in America as the quote as the quote that they have here uh and I have the actual audio tape of this presentation Believe It or Not of 1895 I have an audio it's on an old cassette I'll have to convert it one day to digital so I can play it but yeah he says this that we can be as separate as the fingers yet on one but we're all on one hand and we can move towards uh Progressive or Mutual progress in other words even though people segregated by race they separate fingers but they all are one hand so in other words he pretty pretty much dismissed challenging uh racism publicly so because bger T Washington did not did not CH challenge the public order he was elevated by the US mainstream media and by white philanthropist as the black leader the black people didn't see him as the leader but the white um press did as well as uh an philanthropists such as Andrew Carnegie who we talked about with us steel Andrew Carnegie in 1903 gave Tuskegee Institute $600,000 because they like the message of Booker T Washington and they elevated him to to the highest status among black people and and and presented him as the national leader now the black activists didn't agree with that at all so here you have a photograph of the Niagara Movement individuals who went to uh went to Ontario um the the the Niagara Fall um group and they they opposed Booker Washington they didn't see him as a leader at all they were more direct in their activism against lynching and Jim Crow segregation in the US there were different leaders uh WB deoy and Monroe trod and different different leaders emerged and so these are activists who challenge segregation and lynching uh publicly consistently and uh and eventually the NAACP was founded the National Association for the advancement of color people in 1909 it is still the oldest civil rights organization in the world and WB de Boyce was one of the various people who helped founding NAACP they they totally opposed Booker T Washington and in um the work of the NAACP their publication was the crisis the crisis um this was their newspaper and just like it sounds it's the crisis I I was listening to One audio tape book U WWE de Boyce was in Europe and one he had mentioned in an interview that one of the subscribers to the crisis had indicated in a letter that if you don't stop airing America America's dirty laundry in Europe I'm going to cancel my subscription and uh and uh WB de boy said well you shouldn't have dirty laundry anyway so go ahead and cancel your description we're going to publicize this um you know this inhuman American lynching of black people so um that was the position of of WB the Boyce and Booker T Washington now the Boyce uh sorry WB the boy uh Boyce and the NAACP so the boys had a different perspective than Booker T Washington they were at odds on how to solve the problem Booker T Washington thought you just build the trades and Vocational skills to develop your own community whereas whereas WB de Boyce came from more of a middle class background he was the first black person to get a PhD from Harvard so his training was more Elite so he believe uh the voice is that black leaders should they should get higher education and that these Elite people who with the advanced degrees would become The Talented 10th the top 10% of people who were then once they made it would reach down and help the masses of black people so they had a different perspective a lot of the people um they you know today they agreed with book with um with WB de Boyce because they um felt he was more active in looking to challenge Jim Crow Mormon activist challenging the fact that black people didn't have any civil rights they couldn't vote there was strict racial segregation all of those problems was pointed out by dece and his uh his colleagues so some people call bookery Washington a sellout they call him uh they call him Uncle Tom but as the authors say here at the end of this section about Booker T Washington and this did not come out until later I would say maybe the last 20 years anybody that's been paying attention they now know that while Booker T Washington did not discuss this publicly privately he was giving money from the white philanthropist that he received was giving it to those people who were actively and publicly fighting against uh segregation and the fact that black people disenfranchised in other words not allowed to vote so the differences between bookery Washington and the Boyce one looking at vocational education the other one focused on um directly challenging lynching um they had more in common than people knew so book at Washington was addressing the issue but he did it privately but it was a fierce debate between book Washington and WB de Boyce and the third person in this um this huge debate was none other than Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey uh he's not actually listed here but Marcus Garvey is the third person that should be um known and they actually discussed Garvey not on these pages but if you go to to chapter 2353 there is um some discussion of of Marcus Garvey and I'll show you a photograph of these individuals but there's in this section here they do discuss Marcus Garvey in the 1920s Marcus Garvey born was born in Jamaica and he came to the United States in 195 and he organized the universal negro Improvement Association or the unia and the and the affiliate to the unia was the African community's lead so that's ACL so the unia as it was abbreviated and it would be- Cal but Garvey was born in Jamaica uh Garvey was he came to the US he was he agreed with Booker T Washington that it should be a do for self philosophy so why rely on somebody else when you can do for self so Marcus Garvey um he he agreed more with Booker T Washington Garvey had a global perspective he said Africa for the Africans those at home in Africa and those abroad so it was Marcus Garvey that focused on black identity and Garvey organized not only in the US but also around the world there were branches of the unia in various parts of the world and and he and his colleagues claim to have six million members in the unia and Garvey was far more successful than the NAACP and and um book and and WB the boys so the crisis newspaper was very well received but the unia's newspaper under Garvey which was called The Negro world was far more effective and it had a much wider distribution and so there was jealousy and conflict now not between du Boyce and Booker T Washington Booker T Washington passed away in 1915 so Garvey had came to see Booker Washington but by the time he arrived um bookery Washington had already passed so Garvey never met him but Garvey developed uh business businesses in the US uh laundry mats grocery stores uh he believed in self-determination for black people and Garvey you heard of the Red Cross nurses uh he called it the black cross not only that but Garvey organized a black star line so these were ship a fleet of ships to have independent trade between black people in the in the US and Africa he believed in a global um Global Focus for black people so Garvey is the one that people associated with the back to Africa movement that was more than just going back to Africa he believed that people needed to have a practical relationship with Africa so Garvey he's the one that also introduced the red black and green flag even today for Quan and other black holidays Marcus Garvey he's the one to introduced the colors the flag so people even now there's branches of the the unia and and Marcus Garvey so there was definitely conflict between him and now the boys because he was more successful plus he was not born in the US he's much darker skinned than the boy so there was conflict but nevertheless um it's Garvey nobody can really leave Garvey out if we talking about the even before the 1920s in the teenss Garvey was so popular for example and August of 1920 Garvey attracted 25,000 people to hear him speak in Madison Square Garden and nobody at the time could could command that kind of attention so it was Marcus Garvey let me show you these individuals really um really quickly and that'll be it so bookery Washington uh this is bookery Washington here and so um this is a man highly respected so see his years here born in slavery died in 1915 then there's uh WB de Boyce who's not only an activist uh he was also focused on um pan-africanism in other words to bring black people together around the world but also the Boyce was a scholar you see he he lived much longer than uh PTI Washington he actually died in Ghana in 1963 and WB deoy was a scholar he wrote The Souls of black folks he wrote the world in Africa he wrote the Philadelphia negro many different key works that he's well respected for not just as an activist but also as a scholar and the Boyce um as I mentioned he was at odds with Marcus Garvey and but Garvey was more successful and so what Garvey and his and his um his uh colleagues were able to do is to catch the imagination of people I mean they had huge ra root huge rallies and demonstrations in Harlem here's Marcus Garvey doing a parade for example he made himself the provisional govern uh uh provisional President should Africa ever become independent and so Garvey is also that other individual that's very significant here and um and so those are some of the things you need to know the last thing about is the RO the Rosevelt corlar that's in the um the Roosevelt corlar that's in the that um is part of the Monro Doctrine U what you need to know about that is that um is that uh in 21.11 the Roosevelt cor Corel is discussed in the U in the textbook this is simply an extension of the Monroe Doctrine and all it says by Theodore Roosevelt that the US would control the entire Western Hemisphere um so Roosevelt was a extending ideas from James President James Monroe who said that the US controls the Western Hemisphere uh in any countries trying to develop a new Colony such as Britain France Spain the US would see it as an act of war that was in 1923 but sorry 1823 the Monroe Doctrine but nothing the us could do about it at the time because they had the domestic problems they were still dealing with so this is why uh Roosevelt extends the Monroe Doctrine it's called the Roosevelt Cory so take a look at it it's 21.11 and Roosevelt is the one who carried the big stick to take US military power outside of the US and control the entire Western Hemisphere North America Central America South America and the Caribbean and this was to warn any countries that if you try to establish a new Colony then the US would go to war so those are some things that um you need to know about the um some other things in the chapter so that's pretty much it and U so check out the modules make sure that you um you take a look at the Margaret Sanger assignment uh which will be due on the 28th of October okay so that should help you with uh some additional information about those three individuals book at you watching WB de Boyce and Marcus Garvey as well as Margaret Sanger and Roosevelt