AP Environmental Science Energy Resources Overview

hi everybody welcome this is mr villarreal uh mr v and i want to welcome you to ap daily live the review for ap environmental science um day number five okay um so i wanna welcome you um and today we're going to go over uh unit six i teach actually it in mission texas um we're part of the texas two step miss bagley and myself um and this is going to be your um fifth video so let's go ahead and get started so what are we going to learn today um in today's ap daily video we're going to be looking at um unit uh six which is uh going to be about energy resources and consumption um but first we're going to talk a little bit about the test to remind you of a few things uh we're going to begin by reminding you about the paper and pencil and digital formats including some key dates and some digital and exam specifics and so the first thing is to conduct a brief review now remember these videos are not meant to be total content we're going to be going over a lot of the skills and not as many of the content so those are what the ap daily regular videos are for on ap classroom we're going to be discussing the science practices as well making sure that we are prepared to use those on the ap exam and get them ready so that you're able to kind of use them all in a concise fashion and we're going to specifically model some multiple choice and some free response questions today that are going to be looking at both your content knowledge uh for unit six as well as the science practices all together so especially the math we're going to be looking a little bit at math today i know some of you may feel like you're a little allergic to math but we're going to get you through it okay um and then we're going to wrap up with some questions um to practice and then a link for some live practice similar to how it was last week so first thing is a couple reminders about the ap exam right remember it doesn't matter whether you're taking a digital exam or a paper exam this will be a full length test so what does that mean that means it's going to have multiple choice and it's going to have a total of 80 questions those questions are going to give you an hour and a half to complete them and that itself is going to count for 60 percent of the test so that's going to be the portion that we're going to try to practice a little bit today and then of course they're going to be various types so you're going to have individual standalone questions for multiple choice there are also going to be some set questions in there including the quantitative data as well as some data tables charts and graphs now remember those are going to be focusing on practice number five but they can also assess practices number one four six or seven so we've got to be prepared for those then there's also going to be some qualitative data sets and for those there's going to be models representations maps those are going to be a major part of that and that's going to primarily assess practice number two but it'll also look at one four or seven as well okay and then of course there's going to be some text based uh questions that's a new thing this year so these questions are going to primarily assess practice 3 but they're also going to be looking at 1 6 and 7. and remember practice 3 will not be assessed on the free response portion so again looking at the exam let's look at the free response now so section two is going to have the free response um and one thing you want to make note of is that whether you're taking the paper or the digital it will have three questions and you're gonna have instead of an hour and a half you're going to have an hour and 10 minutes for that that's going to cover 40 percent of your exam score and when it comes to that it is going to have three question types so those question types are going to be designing an investigation question two is going to be analyzing an environmental problem or proposing a solution with it and then question three is going to be doing the same thing analyzing the environmental problem proposing a solution doing calculations so one thing i do want to note is that there won't be any warnings on when to move on other than what's ever on your digital app or your own warnings from the teachers proctoring your test and then again as a node as well you will be allowed to use a four function square root scientific or graphing calculator on this exam so when we're looking at the specifics of the digital exam just a little bit brief overview i don't want to spend too much time because i know some of you some of you are taking paper uh and some of you are doing the digital but just some specifics is they have to be taken on a school computer a school chromebook a laptop or um a desktop they cannot be done on a phone or a mobile device the device has to have a power cord connected to be able to keep it going and connect it to the internet and it's not going to allow you to return to any previous answered questions or move back and forth between the unanswered ones and that's both on the multiple choice or the free response you will be able to look through one free response but once you move on you won't be able to go back to another and then of course it will not include any questions that can be answered using internet searches anything with textbooks notes study guides or any similar material and it's going to have security features to prevent you from collaborating using unauthorized aids or trying to attempt to have somebody else test for you so please make sure that you follow the security there and it will be reviewed with plagiarism detection software as well as post exam analyses to identify if you were collaborating or using any unauthorized dates so and then one thing to make a big note of is there will not be any handwritten responses all the responses are going to be typed into the app including the math for free response so we'll talk about how you can do that and try to save yourself some trouble but again as long as you show the work you should be good so one thing i do want to do is go over some of the clarifications and questions from miss bagley's last video last week that way you don't feel like you're kind of left in the dust there make sure that you you get some of that information so the first thing is one of the questions that i liked was are the frqs as long as the ones in the videos a through j and the short answer to that is yep that's how it's going to go you know that's how the questions were written last year and i can tell you as a question writer this year myself i can attest that that's what they're going to look like so be prepared for every letter to be worth one point except for the math the math will likely have a couple of points for showing the work on that so they may be a little shorter but still worth the full 10 points and then another question that we got in the feedback form was you know where's all the practice tests so unfortunately we don't have any practice tests for you that's something that you're going to have to go through your teacher and ap daily or ap classroom for so that's not something that we can share most practice tests are going to be secure exams so what we are doing is i'm going to be sharing a folder with you that we've added a few things to so we heard you guys out last week and what we're going to do is instead of you know leaving it blank is i've we've put a folder in there with all the kahoot links from last week and then the kahoot links that i'm going to be sharing with you guys this week as well and then miss bagley has gone back to her videos and she will be making outlines for her first four and then once we're done with this week's videos friday or saturday of this week i'll likely add some outlines to help you follow along with this video too so that's about as much as we can that we can give and we'll do our best to try to help you out there and then nimisha did send a really good question last weekend when i look at an frq should i read the prompt and the questions or the questions first and then how do i tackle this so i don't lose so much time and so that's a really great question to misha hopefully you're tuning in again today and the way i would recommend this is read the prompt thoroughly so you know exactly what it's about what it's asking then go through and read all the question parts okay make sure you look at it and rank it in your head or write it down if you're doing the written test and say i find this to be the easiest and then i find this to be the hardest and start with the easiest part of the question first this way you've you go through those quicker and when the by the time you get to your hardest part whether that's math or whether that's a question about make a claim you can then have more time accumulated for that the time won't change but you'll at least have answered the easier parts first so hopefully that'll be something that you can kind of focus on and go through right and then some more questions and clarifications uh from the previous video um is you know if we answer a question in frq in a bullet point or a you know note format are we still going to get the points and here's how i would make sure that you guys understand this is the idea is you need to have a complete thought right the questions today the way they're written are not going to be all the way where they just say identify only they're going to have you asked they're going to have you give you a more detailed thing so here's an example right they're not going to say to just identify an endangered species they will instead ask you to identify a factor that might allow a species to be more prone to extinction or endangerment right that's going to require more thinking so are you going to lose a point if you if the reader sees a bullet no not at all as long as it's a real full thought so keep that in mind we're going to try to go through some content frq today so you can kind of see how that builds up and we're going to kind of focus on some of that so but especially on make a claim explain describe you will have to flesh that out more and give more details so be prepared for that and then here's a why can't digital test takers go back on multiple choice questions especially if they have more time then they want to go back to a tricky one unfortunately this is a security feature of the digital test um i we can't change it at this point this is going to be how the app is set up but my best advice is going to be to watch your time you know the app itself is going to have timers uh for the digital test takers but do your best to maximize your points um and always put an answer down for everything so it's unfortunate but that's just the way it's gonna that's the way the cookie crumbles so to speak right and so will these will there be conversions provided to us is another good question and um you know one thing i do want to point out is unfortunately no we don't have any conversion formula chart or anything like that in the past when they've given frqs is if there's a unique conversion like an acre to a hectare they will tell you how much that is and then you'll go from there now the one thing i would recommend and we're going to talk about that today is be comfortable with the metric system that's going to be something that is definitely going to be something that will show up on the exam and you know if you're not comfortable using that then you're going to be a little behind on some of the math questions so just be prepared for that and then finally my last question one i found really interesting and i really love this question i didn't get a name on who submitted it but it's awesome is if we refute or support a claim that's not a common thing will we lose points right and the answer to that is unequivocally no i love this is a great example because a lot of students will confuse environmental science with environmentalism right environmentalism is a movement environmental science is the study of how these processes work especially in the interactions between the environment and humans so a previous example that miss bagley gave was you can make a claim that kfos concentrated animal feeding operations are good you can say that if you want to have inexpensive food or if you want to have jobs for certain workers then you can make the claim that kfos are good now of course you have to have the evidence for that when you make that claim and i know several of you have been made comments about how you follow claim evidence reasoning in your class that's awesome but just make sure that you make that claim and you provide some form of evidence for it if it's not um backed up then it's not gonna count so that's a great one so i love that because a lot of students always think you know oh it's an environmental class i have to you know talk about how environmental is great that's not true you know hydroelectric dams solar power wind those things have negatives to them and we'll talk a little bit about that today okay so good questions all around so hopefully you can continue to add that feedback so some helpful uh links in exam links for exam information are one of the things i want to point out is that if you're looking about when you have to take your test here is a link that you can be provided with there's ap central it's got the ordering scores and exam dates so you know when things are and then here's another link about the ap environmental exam specifically so if you'd like to know about our test when the days are the format all that stuff you can go to that link right here and then of course the information of the digital exam so that's going to be kind of your testing guide and then the final one is going to be here the preview of the digital exam and how to get to that practice app so i'll leave those up for a second on if you're watching on youtube live here then you can always pause it and take a picture or screenshot and um you know you can visit those sites as you need them so one of the things we are asking is like we said i will do my best to answer questions um throughout the week and try to cater to you guys but i need feedback so um if you have questions if there's things that confuse you if you know you thought this was great this was bad please let us know we have a feedback form there's the link you can type in to get to that or here is the qr code that you can use to scan that and fill out as we need so please do we would appreciate it and i promise you i will be looking at it and trying to make adjustments throughout the next few days so that we can maximize the information you need and the potential to get a better score right so with that let's go ahead and jump into review yeah now um so things to think about here are we're talking about uh unit six which is the energy resources and consumption uh chapter and the big thing to organize here is to understand that things are going to be broken down into two forms right we're talking energy they're going to be broken down into renewable and non-renewable okay now when we're talking about non-renewable we're talking about fossil fuels oil coal natural gas and of course nuclear but the thing to understand is not just to list those you have to be able to make sure that you know that those resources are in a fixed or finite amount that's the big deal here they once they're transformed into a form of energy you can't easily replace them so that's going to be the big deal here between those differences and of course with all of these you should be back go back to ap daily or to your studies and make sure you know the pros and cons of each one of these i'd love to be able to go through all these with you but unfortunately there's just too much and we want to make sure that we get to the skills and in our time slot today so and then of course we get to the renewable energy and how that's going to be organized is that there are energy resources that can be replenished naturally either at or at the rate of consumption so think of that that's the difference right so if you're thinking about coal right coal is brought about by pushing plant material down into the ground and pressurizing it right well that's not something that can be done in a couple of decades or in a couple hundred years maybe not even a couple hundred thousand years it may take millions of years for those processes to work so renewable energy all these are either unlimited like solar or they can be replenished pretty easily like when it comes to water or even hydrogen fuel cells those are pretty easily replenishable and of course wind and biomass as well so taking a look just so you remember what these what these look like there's nuclear there's coal oil and natural gas so those are your big four of your fossil fuels okay now continuing on one thing i want to make sure that we're clear about is that energy is not all suitable for every occasion right that's something that's going to be they have you have to be clear about because if you get a question about um driving electric cars it's going to be difficult to try to apply wind power to that right or even coal to those things so not all energy sources are suitable for every occasion right wind can't move cars unless we're all driving around with cars and sails on them that would be awesome i'm sure would look great in a painting but probably not very practical to use on the road right and so some examples to think about here so we're going to go through these is to think about the renewable resources like wood right that's a home use type thing right maybe a long time ago it would it would have been used for transport yeah to steam power things but not anymore now it's a home use it's a renewable resource but it's mainly as firewood now i do want to point out about pete pete is a unique resource because that is a home use resource but here's the catch it can be renewable but it also is kind of in a gray area and can be non-renewable at the same time okay that is a type of basically it's a type of composted or decomposed wood or organic material that is kind of on its way to becoming a fossil fuel and it doesn't take as long as making coal or natural gas or oil but it is a process that takes a while so that's kind of why we put it in that gray area then we have coal right coal is going to be something that takes a long time to renew so that's non-renewable by our definition and it's going to be mainly used as a home fuel or power plant resource to generate steam for a turbine so we'll talk about that process in just a moment and of course natural gas is pretty much the same thing there are many homes that still use natural gas in their uh you know everyday lives and it's also a resource for power plants and sometimes for vehicle use but that's not as as big as as the other forms there are and then of course that other form for vehicle use is going to be oil okay so that's going to be a big time car mover right or vehicle mover and then of course you have some home use of oil as well and there's our renewable energies right you have biomass you have wind you have water you have solar and then you have geothermal and again we don't have time to go over every single one of these and explain in detail please make sure you visit the ap daily videos to look at each one of those that way you can see you know what do we need to know about biomass and you can even see a bunch of practice examples in there in ap daily in those videos so now another way to characterize energy is going to be whether or not that energy is used in a what's called a developed or developing nation okay and so how we classify energy for developing nations is that it's going to be starting off as a renewable resource type they're going to be using wood or peat for a long time but then as they transition to a developed nation they're going to rely more on fossil fuels and that's what a developed nation primarily relies on is fossil fuels so you know i think we can start off with wood and peach but eventually the movement tends to be towards coal oil natural gas and we can see this in a trend globally so let's take a look at a little graph here and as you can see in this graph we've got a little bit of a trend of showing that um you know in the last 20 30 years things have steadily improved when it comes to natural gas and petroleum coal is kind of flat and then renewables have improved quite a bit as well the reason that those fossil fuels and non-renewables continue to grow is due to that movement from developing nations moving over into more developed and industrialized once they become industrialized that becomes something that they end up focusing on okay so that's an important thing to think about as we go through and you're going to see that in our practice frq today so you'll get a chance to look at that and then when we go over here looking at energy resources and consumption one big thing i want to point out to you that you kind of have to have nailed down completely right is this process of turbine turning around or turning a generator and that generator then creating electricity it doesn't matter whether you're using a renewable resource or a non-renewable resource time and time again we go back to this method okay so if you look at a wind turbine right so if you're looking at this this is more of a visual so there's more of a practice two type thing you're seeing a you know blade with a rotor and it is turning with the wind right and that is going to be attached to a turbine that is the turbine can bind to a generator and the generator is going to send the electricity off to the transformer towers to make sure that it's usable for homes and then it's going to send it out to those homes right now compare that to a power plant here in georgia right so this is a georgia diagram for the plant share in georgia and so what they do is they take pulverized coal and the pulverized coal is then put in a boiler and the boiler then boils water to create steam now the steam itself then turns the turbine which then powers the generator sending it off to a transformer off into the world for electricity obviously there are other steps here that you should know about water conservation and making sure that these pump stations get water to where they're supposed to go and of course the ash disposal so definitely there's a bunch of other steps but the key thing to understand is how do we get to that electricity point is be clear on these steps right here because whether we're talking about a hydroelectric dam tidal power and sometimes in the case of geothermal too we end up having to turn a turbine with generator to create electricity so please make sure you keep that in mind and be prepared on a multiple choice or a free response to be able to label some of that stuff that's something that may show up on either one so something to be mindful about when it comes to these okay and carrying on here the big thing after all of looking at all forms of energy and after you've looked at those ap daily videos in more detail is to consider energy conservation right the big theme about environmental science is going to be sustainability and looking at energy conservation we can then use that to figure out our methods of reducing energy now there's two big things you want to look for there's reducing in your house or your home and then reducing on a large scale so here's how you do it at the house right you would adjust your thermostat so i live in texas where it's really hot most of the year minus a few cold fronts and i live in very deep south texas so what we have to deal with is we like using our air conditioners right it's hot we need to have our air conditioners so in order to conserve energy we would have to adjust our thermostat to be slightly warmer than we would want so if i want the temperature in my house to be 74 degrees that'd be awesome but to conserve energy i'd probably move it up to 77 and that will save energy here in my home that's one way if you live in the north you're probably having to deal with heat with cold and you want to have your heater on so you may have to lower your temperature a little bit more so it takes a while for that thermostat to kick in and not use as much energy now of course conserving water helps a little bit here because you have appliances in your home that use water like dishwashers laundry rooms things like that that's going to be a big help there and then of course you can also along with those with those appliances is you can buy energy efficient appliances when it is time to do that that's going to allow for the same things to keep on running but at a lower cost of energy and that's going to save money and of course save energy at the same time then also we're talking about conservation landscaping why would we want to do landscaping what's the big deal well minus the fact that you have to you know power the water to where it gets it has to go it also can allow for your home to be more energy efficient and you're going to see that in the next part here with some of the the large-scale things so conservation landscaping like for me again i live in texas it's very hot we probably have to do some xeriscaping to prevent so much water use and stuff like that now if you want to do this on a large scale right you want to get the population at large to lower their energy use you got to go and improve the fuel economy for their vehicles right the vehicles are going to be the big thing because you know we drive a lot there's going to be a lot of use of fossil fuels and if you want to lower that improve the fuel economy make sure that cars can go more miles per gallon right or kilometers per gallon or per liter and then of course switch over to battery electric vehicles that's going to be a big help and along with that hybrid vehicles will help as well and ultimately if you want to get less cars on the road or less vehicles on the road is the big move here is going to be to switch to public transportation right allowing for buses trains things like that that's going to allow for less cars on the road and that's going to be much less energy being needed okay and then as i was mentioning conservation landscaping goes hand in hand with green building designs so if you have a building designed something like this similar to that you're going to end up not allowing so much heat to get in there you're going to be able to conserve water you're going to have quite a bit of an impact on carbon dioxide so that's going to be something that can be as an addendum to that as well and then of course simple moves like switching to those energy star labeled those energy star labeled appliances and items so here we have a halogen light bulb that's going to produce 43 watts of energy versus an led that's only going to produce nine but they're both producing the same amount of lumens they're both the same brightness and so it's saving energy for you and along along with that saving you money because per year you instead of spending six dollars um you're now only spending a dollar twenty six so it doesn't seem like that's a bunch but when you have light bulbs all over your house that's definitely gonna be something that's gonna save you money so something to keep in mind now in this unit we're going to be looking at the science practices so you remember that there are seven of these and college word expects you to demonstrate them on the test you do not need to memorize these you just need to know what it means and keep it in mind what they're asking that's going to be the big deal right keep in mind what is being asked so if you're asked if you're being asked for concepts that's a practice one right the things we just saw the pictures and the diagrams of the power plants that's a practice too that's a visual representation okay practice three is going to be the text analysis that's only in the multiple choice we're actually going to look at that tomorrow in our examples okay so be prepared for that one and then of course scientific experiments you saw some of that last week you're going to see some more of that this week to prepare you to get the questions that the answers to those questions down on scientific experiments and then of course data analysis and mathematical routines which is going to be a little bit of our focus today and with that a little bit of environmental solutions that's always going to go everywhere and the thing to remember is some units are going to be more focused on certain skills or practices and others though the the main idea is that they can be assessed anywhere so we're going to be looking today at concepts we're going to be looking at mathematical routines and a little bit of environmental solutions which is pretty much always sprinkled in there okay so let's go ahead and look at an example so going into this we're looking at a little bit of a math problem here so this is a multiple choice a soil sample near chernobyl was found to contain 187 kilo becquerels per meter squared of cesium-137 the half-life of cesium-137 is approximately 30 years how much cesium-137 will remain in the sample after 90 years okay so before you panic i know some of you like i said you're going to feel like i'm allergic to math i can't do this no it's not going to happen um remember there's some things to think about right um first thing is number one ask yourself what is it asking for right it's asking me it's giving me a bunch of numbers but what's what's the whole point here it's saying how much is going to remain after those 90 years so think about that and then of course do i need to know what a kilo becquerel per meter squared is honestly you don't i mean look at this it looks really complicated you know i had to actually look it up the first time i saw this what a becca row was and it's basically just uni radiation but that's not important that's stuff that's in there meant to kind of throw you off a little bit right it's a really good unit to understand and note but for our purposes of answering the question it's not something to to you know freak out about and then of course what math do i need to know so this is going to be a half-life problem okay so we know right here that this is a half-life problem so we're going to have to figure out either one of a few things either how much time went by how much is left how much radiation or how many uh what percent is left behind that's always a good way they ask it too and finally am i going to be able to solve this problem without using up too much time right remember in those 80 multiple choice questions you basically have about a minute and seven seconds per question so if you find yourself staring at this for more than 30 seconds 45 seconds you really shouldn't it's not worth your time especially when there are other answers that you can go through and answer and probably get right because you know them right so let's look at some key things here we're starting off with 187 kilo becquerels and it's going to take 30 years for a half-life and they want to know how much is left after 90 years so honestly this problem is not that hard and a lot of it can be done mentally you don't need a calculator for it but it is going to be helpful right so here's our choices uh a is 93.5 kilo becquerels per meter squared b is 23.38 c is 6.23 and d is 1.58 kilo becquerels now what i recommend you do on a half-life problem if you have the time if you feel comfortable doing it is make a table and where people mess up when they make a table here is they start off the amount at 30 years so many people will start off right here saying 187 30 years and that's not true at that 187 that's time zero so there's zero time that's passed here then after one half-life you basically just cut this in half and there's 30 years have gone by so that's 93.5 so it's not that then we cut it in half again it's 46.75 that's not even on here and that's 60 years and then finally 30 more years and cutting it in half again gives me 23.38 so that means my answer has to be 23.38 kilobecquerels now again if you find yourself staring at this and just freaking out it's honestly not going to hurt you to skip the problem but put an answer down you know you don't have to show work for a multiple choice so don't sit there and freak out and go i don't know what to do i don't know what to do and then before you know it minutes have passed and those are points that you could have gotten somewhere else so keep that in mind when answering those so let's go ahead and answer a basic free response model question two so let's go through this one the development of plans for long-term resource management depends on understanding the patterns and consequences of resource use describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable give a specific example of a renewable resource and a non-renewable resource that's a letter b describe and compare total resource use per capita in developing and developed and developing countries letter c what is meant by sustainable resource use give an example and letter d economic policies and practices affect society's progress towards sustainable resource use discuss one policy or practice that facilitates this process and one that impedes it okay so things to understand this is a basic one so this is going to be a way to practice some content as well as looking at some of the frq points here now again questions to ask yourself what examples can you think of when it comes to resources we just talked about the energy resources but there might be other resources as well that we're going to mention here too so let's start thinking about that how do you define a renewable non-renewable resource so that's something we talked about at the beginning here so keep that in mind as well and then a big phrase you're going to hear all the time that's not really a part of the the skills or the content is per capita right per capita is an economic term and what it means is per person and you got to think to yourself how are those developing and developed countries different per capita so that's going to be kind of how you have to think through this question and sort through in your mind then of course the big phrase for all of environmental science is what is sustainability how do you make something sustainable and then what can be done economically or societally in a practical sense right this is a classic example some of you like to think to yourself hey let's shoot all of our trash to the moon that's a great idea but it's not practical unless you want to spend a really high amount of money to get your trash in a rocket ship and send it to the moon so it has to be a practical solution so keep that in mind and again always make sure to look at the keywords in the questions right describe give an example discuss and be familiar with those and for you teachers out there if you'd like to use this with your students later this is from ap classroom if you search for resource use and sustainability that'll give you this free response example so let's look at some of the points here right describe a resource describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable and give a specific example of those so there's three points here this is an old school question so it's a little more fleshed out per point but to understand here is make sure you note it's asking us to describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable to give an example of renewable and an example of a non so let's go through what we would say for renewable resource we could say that it can be replenished by natural processes or just not depleted right for a non-renewable resource we would say that it can't be replenished in a useful time scale or that it's in a fixed or finite amount right make sure you know the word finite is and then of course your examples here are going to be renewable are going to be energy forms are going to be tidal solar wind hydro geothermal but there's also renewable resources like trees soil oxygen water and hydrogen so it's good to keep that in mind because they didn't say energy only they could have they also mentioned resources and then of course the example for non-renewable is going to be the energies are fossil fuels you can name any one of them uranium or you can talk about non-renewable minerals and rocks like iron copper aluminum gold and silver okay so those are things to think of as well and again when it comes to these let's look at letter b let's describe and compare the total resource per capita in developed and developed and developing countries so for this we're talking about describing a developed nation's resource use describing the developing nation's resource use and then of course comparing the two countries and figuring out why they're different so this is a pretty easy one to do you just have to know one both side one side and then you can figure out the other side pretty easily so we're looking at developed nations the thing you're going to see is they're higher income more technology use and using non-renewable energy is their thing developing is basically the opposite lower income less tech and more renewable you can even say less industrialized as well okay and then of course a developed nation uses more resources than developing nations due to their higher use of technology and non-renewable energy and that will help you understand what they're asking and giving you that describing and comparing so pretty easy to look at you just got to make sure that you can see what they're asking and then for letter c what is sustainable resource use give an example so there's two points here you know what is the sustainable resource use and giving the example so what do we mean by this well we're talking about the resource itself and the example of how you're going to do this and i want to make a note is there's always going to be the option to put multiple examples put your best one first this is not one of those things where you kind of wow them at the end make sure you put your best one first so that you can get the point that you need the person's grading your test will not you know go oh well they gave three bad examples and then one amazing one they're gonna look at that first one and that's it so keep that in mind so sustainable resource use is just gonna be using a resource where it cannot be run out or it can it can be replenished long term okay and so an example would be using selective cutting for timber maintaining it as an energy resource um or you could also say uh substituting renewable energy forms to extend those non-renewable energy forms so if you switch a city to a newly built hydroelectric dam then there won't be as much need for coal or natural gas to power the city as well so that's a good way to make those non-renewables more sustainable long-term okay and then finally here letter d economic policies and practices affect society's progress towards sustainable resource use discuss one policy or practice that facilitates this progress and one that impedes it so there's a couple points here the first one is going to be um the policy that facilitates and impedes and you have to know what those word means so what those words mean so facilitating is going to be something that helps it along and impeding is going to be something that slows it down or makes it stop right so that's something to keep in mind and to think of when it comes to those right and so that's something that you're going to have to kind of sort through when it comes to these and um you know when we go right here one of the things to to make note of is that governments can remove subsidies for certain things like fossil fuels like and non-renewables and then they'll give tax deductions for using more alternative resources and of course fines for misusing those resources and again the opposite applies for non-renewables the problem is that's impeding it is you have current subsidies going towards non-renewable resources the cost of those non-renewables and infrastructure is pretty low so that's what's impeding it right now and the lack of those taxes or fines for those for that misuse is slowing things down as well and just remember a lot of students like to put answers down where they say well the government can make you do this they really can't make you it's very hard to pass a law saying this is how it should be you can't do this instead they can try to incentivize that's what we mean by subsidies that's money government money going towards those things or taxes and fines to help people go in one direction or the other here and then um continuing on here let's think about it what science practices did these parts a and d discuss on this well mainly they were looking at concept information right and solutions so that's practice one and practice seven and again if you want to study some of this stuff you can look at ap daily video topic 6.1 and the videos pertaining to topic 512 so and again that's how free response questions will go they won't just study one question only or look at one question uh one topic so so let's go ahead and practice another uh free response here and this one's gonna involve some math right so looking at a question three model is an offshore wind project using turbines to generate electricity it's going to be built along the atlantic coast and it'll be located 13 kilometers from the coast in water with an average of depth of 10 meters and so look at the first parts describe an environmental benefit associated with an offshore wind project identify and describe potential economic effect of an offshore wind project and describe an additional way other than wind that oceans can be providing uh renewable energy okay so you see here after that they start giving us information having to do with the map so there's 200 wind turbines each with a capacity of four megawatts each turbine costs 1.2 million dollars to build and each the electrical demand is going to be expected to be 2 times 10 to the 6th or 2 million megawatt hours per year so as you see there they start jumping into the calculate calculate how much electricity is going to be needed in the win project to generate 80 and show all work customers in the service pay 20 cents per kilowatt hour for electricity calculate how much revenue uh will be produced if the wind turbines produce 80 of that electrical demand showing all the work and assuming all the turbines are operating calculate how many hours the turbines must operate to provide eighty percent of the annual electrical demand in the service area so show all your work so here one of the things i want to point out is see the non-math and then see the math every question three will be divided this way so it's not going to be a process of it's all math or it's no math at all this question is always going to be almost half and half so that's something to think about and again for you teachers that's wind farm construction calculation and again always always remember there's non-math on this so you're going to get about four to five points that are not going to be having to do with calculations so it doesn't do any benefit to skip okay so looking at the describe and identifying described let's answer some of these together and again what do you want to look at in this one we're looking at topic 612 that's going to be a big helper here and so what's going to happen well for an environmental benefit you can say that there's going to be less damage due to the decrease on fossil fuels in other words you're not going to have to destroy so much habitat mining and extracting natural gas and oil so that's one way we can answer letter a letter b we can say and that's one point letter b we can say well there's going to be a creation of jobs construction and operation and maintenance when you see the word economic think money and jobs do not go with animals and plants and the environment think about money and jobs when you see those okay and that's also a two point question there and the letter c is what's an additional way the ocean can power can provide generation of electricity well that's going to be through tidal power right as the tides come in the propellers move and that's going to move our process along of making energy with our generator and turbine okay and that's a one point part as well and so again that's a practice seven so if you remember what that is let's think about it what is a practice seven uh when it comes to these that's going to be looking at your solutions no math needed and that's a four to five point question generally almost all the time so good way to look at that now let's look at the math portions right they always give you the conversions you need so you see here it's got 200 wind turbines 4 megawatts for each one 1.2 million to build and it's going to cost 2 million it's going to have 2 million megawatt hours per year demanded so you're not expected to memorize many units but the metric system will help i can guarantee you if you see mega um you're going to probably have to move to kilo some sort or maybe even giga and so if you can look at the metric system beforehand that's going to help okay so looking at these let's go through them quickly calculate how much electricity is going to be generated so for that we have to take that that 80 percent and turn it into 0.8 and then multiply it by the amount of energy required so we know how much 80 of that is and again you can type it in like this on the app or you can use the little carrot sticks to help you out the 10 to the sixth and you don't have to use scientific notation we do this because this is the most concise way to do it but if you write out the whole numbers that's fine just be careful writing out your zeros so the answer for this is 1.6 times 10 to the megawatt hour and that's a two point portion because you do have to show the work and give the answer always show the work and include the units don't forget that okay letter e says customers in the service area pay 20 cents calculate how much revenue they're going to produce if the turbines provide 80 percent show all the work so here's a good point here if you get this answer wrong in d and then you have to use it for letter e it's okay if your number is wrong as long as the process works and the answer with your given number is right so if you had calculated 2 million here and you still got an answer that was off from but it from the correct answer but it was correct using these numbers you would still get the credit so that's an important thing to note for showing the work maybe not the correct answer but at least showing the work so here they take that 1.6 million and you're going to convert it here to kilowatt hours and so this right here is your conversion factor and how much it's going to cost right and that's 20 cents that's why it's two to the negative one and then right here is going to be your conversion for kilowatt hours to megawatt there's going to be a thousand kilowatts um kilowatt hours in a megawatt and so calculating that out that's going to be 3.2 times 10 to the eighth or 320 million dollars and whichever way this is written is correct right and that right there is two points so you can still get some credit if your number's wrong to begin with but you know as long as you show the work you can get halfway there at least then for letter e or for letter f excuse me um assuming that the turbines are operating calculate how many um hours they would have to use to get to that electrical demand so again we're using that number if it's wrong it's okay and then from here you end up with uh one turbine producing four megawatts and then from there the each megawatt was producing there's 200 turbines so again they put it all in scientific notation here but the answer basically comes out to 2 000 hours it's 1.6 million megawatt hours divided by 4 multiplied by 200 because that's how many turbines you have so now again this looks complicated in scientific notation i just want you to see what different ways this can be written out and again it does as you can see here there are six points coming out of this and what's our practice we're focusing on here practice number six so when we look at that remember practice number six is always and will always be your mathematical routines so be used to that and so we're going to pause here for a second here and just take a and answer a couple quick questions number one do we need the calculator not really you could probably do that by hand but it'll help so have it around you to make sure okay should i skip the math if there's absolutely nothing you know then i would say yes but always try to put something down you never know when you can get that point remember you get points added you don't they don't take away points for getting it wrong so don't skip it do your best and is it going to hurt me no it's just going to not give you the points you might have earned and of course show the work yes all the time okay and with that show the units as well and the other thing to think about is unfortunately no formula sheet to reference so bring your calculator or don't but there's unfortunately no formula sheet so do your best on those now what should we take away from all this i know that was a lot and that was really fast and really you know intense so what's the big things to think about okay the first thing is make sure that you remember some stuff about your exam the date and the format make sure you test your technology you know download the app get ready for you digital test takers and of course if you were lost on any part of this or any other video check out ap daily that those content videos are gold when it comes to this stuff we go through them in much more detail we give examples we get practice and it's a good way to to make sure you're prepared and of course know what you're expected to know the content and how to work them with the science practices okay and of course be careful read those prompts look for context clues once in a while you might be able to dig out an extra point from that information so the other thing too is remember the basic principles of the energy and math stuff we went over these just now know the non-renewable renewable resources how they work ask yourself what do you have to know every time you see a question for the multiple choice if it's taking too long leave an answer and go and then from there for the free response always have your non-math questions um non-math parts of that question answer that and then of course always show the work on the free response portions with your units as well and again distinguish the economic versus the environmental uh problems in the free response if it's economic it's money and jobs if it's environmental it's you know animals and trees and habitat right so to make sure you covered all this stuff and let's see if you were paying attention you can use the link below here to test your unit 6 knowledge this is a kahoot that you can use to practice and see if you know some of the stuff it goes over some of the things from this powerpoint and a couple of things from the ap test so you can kind of stay on your toes with that and then we did upload the previous kahoot links and a couple of the guided notes are coming up from last week's at our shared folder for ap environmental science so you go to this link right there and that'll get you there and please please please i cannot tell you how much we we appreciate the feedback so um let us know what you liked what you didn't like what you need to know more of if you'd like something explained a little bit better i'll do my best to make sure that we can get through that in the next few days and cover the things we need okay and so uh one thing i want to say is uh thank you very much for tuning in i want to i appreciate your time and i hope that we can continue and i hope this has been helpful so i just want to say for my home school there go rattlers and go cobras and thanks for watching you

hi everybody welcome this is mr villarreal uh mr v and i want to welcome you to ap daily live the review for ap environmental science um day number five okay um so i wanna welcome you um and today we&#39;re going to go over uh unit six i teach actually it in mission texas um we&#39;re part of the texas two step miss bagley and myself um and this is going to be your um fifth video so let&#39;s go ahead and get started so what are we going to learn today um in today&#39;s ap daily video we&#39;re going to be looking at um unit uh six which is uh going to be about energy resources and consumption um but first we&#39;re going to talk a little bit about the test to remind you of a few things uh we&#39;re going to begin by reminding you about the paper and pencil and digital formats including some key dates and some digital and exam specifics and so the first thing is to conduct a brief review now remember these videos are not meant to be total content we&#39;re going to be going over a lot of the skills and not as many of the content so those are what the ap daily regular videos are for on ap classroom we&#39;re going to be discussing the science practices as well making sure that we are prepared to use those on the ap exam and get them ready so that you&#39;re able to kind of use them all in a concise fashion and we&#39;re going to specifically model some multiple choice and some free response questions today that are going to be looking at both your content knowledge uh for unit six as well as the science practices all together so especially the math we&#39;re going to be looking a little bit at math today i know some of you may feel like you&#39;re a little allergic to math but we&#39;re going to get you through it okay um and then we&#39;re going to wrap up with some questions um to practice and then a link for some live practice similar to how it was last week so first thing is a couple reminders about the ap exam right remember it doesn&#39;t matter whether you&#39;re taking a digital exam or a paper exam this will be a full length test so what does that mean that means it&#39;s going to have multiple choice and it&#39;s going to have a total of 80 questions those questions are going to give you an hour and a half to complete them and that itself is going to count for 60 percent of the test so that&#39;s going to be the portion that we&#39;re going to try to practice a little bit today and then of course they&#39;re going to be various types so you&#39;re going to have individual standalone questions for multiple choice there are also going to be some set questions in there including the quantitative data as well as some data tables charts and graphs now remember those are going to be focusing on practice number five but they can also assess practices number one four six or seven so we&#39;ve got to be prepared for those then there&#39;s also going to be some qualitative data sets and for those there&#39;s going to be models representations maps those are going to be a major part of that and that&#39;s going to primarily assess practice number two but it&#39;ll also look at one four or seven as well okay and then of course there&#39;s going to be some text based uh questions that&#39;s a new thing this year so these questions are going to primarily assess practice 3 but they&#39;re also going to be looking at 1 6 and 7. and remember practice 3 will not be assessed on the free response portion so again looking at the exam let&#39;s look at the free response now so section two is going to have the free response um and one thing you want to make note of is that whether you&#39;re taking the paper or the digital it will have three questions and you&#39;re gonna have instead of an hour and a half you&#39;re going to have an hour and 10 minutes for that that&#39;s going to cover 40 percent of your exam score and when it comes to that it is going to have three question types so those question types are going to be designing an investigation question two is going to be analyzing an environmental problem or proposing a solution with it and then question three is going to be doing the same thing analyzing the environmental problem proposing a solution doing calculations so one thing i do want to note is that there won&#39;t be any warnings on when to move on other than what&#39;s ever on your digital app or your own warnings from the teachers proctoring your test and then again as a node as well you will be allowed to use a four function square root scientific or graphing calculator on this exam so when we&#39;re looking at the specifics of the digital exam just a little bit brief overview i don&#39;t want to spend too much time because i know some of you some of you are taking paper uh and some of you are doing the digital but just some specifics is they have to be taken on a school computer a school chromebook a laptop or um a desktop they cannot be done on a phone or a mobile device the device has to have a power cord connected to be able to keep it going and connect it to the internet and it&#39;s not going to allow you to return to any previous answered questions or move back and forth between the unanswered ones and that&#39;s both on the multiple choice or the free response you will be able to look through one free response but once you move on you won&#39;t be able to go back to another and then of course it will not include any questions that can be answered using internet searches anything with textbooks notes study guides or any similar material and it&#39;s going to have security features to prevent you from collaborating using unauthorized aids or trying to attempt to have somebody else test for you so please make sure that you follow the security there and it will be reviewed with plagiarism detection software as well as post exam analyses to identify if you were collaborating or using any unauthorized dates so and then one thing to make a big note of is there will not be any handwritten responses all the responses are going to be typed into the app including the math for free response so we&#39;ll talk about how you can do that and try to save yourself some trouble but again as long as you show the work you should be good so one thing i do want to do is go over some of the clarifications and questions from miss bagley&#39;s last video last week that way you don&#39;t feel like you&#39;re kind of left in the dust there make sure that you you get some of that information so the first thing is one of the questions that i liked was are the frqs as long as the ones in the videos a through j and the short answer to that is yep that&#39;s how it&#39;s going to go you know that&#39;s how the questions were written last year and i can tell you as a question writer this year myself i can attest that that&#39;s what they&#39;re going to look like so be prepared for every letter to be worth one point except for the math the math will likely have a couple of points for showing the work on that so they may be a little shorter but still worth the full 10 points and then another question that we got in the feedback form was you know where&#39;s all the practice tests so unfortunately we don&#39;t have any practice tests for you that&#39;s something that you&#39;re going to have to go through your teacher and ap daily or ap classroom for so that&#39;s not something that we can share most practice tests are going to be secure exams so what we are doing is i&#39;m going to be sharing a folder with you that we&#39;ve added a few things to so we heard you guys out last week and what we&#39;re going to do is instead of you know leaving it blank is i&#39;ve we&#39;ve put a folder in there with all the kahoot links from last week and then the kahoot links that i&#39;m going to be sharing with you guys this week as well and then miss bagley has gone back to her videos and she will be making outlines for her first four and then once we&#39;re done with this week&#39;s videos friday or saturday of this week i&#39;ll likely add some outlines to help you follow along with this video too so that&#39;s about as much as we can that we can give and we&#39;ll do our best to try to help you out there and then nimisha did send a really good question last weekend when i look at an frq should i read the prompt and the questions or the questions first and then how do i tackle this so i don&#39;t lose so much time and so that&#39;s a really great question to misha hopefully you&#39;re tuning in again today and the way i would recommend this is read the prompt thoroughly so you know exactly what it&#39;s about what it&#39;s asking then go through and read all the question parts okay make sure you look at it and rank it in your head or write it down if you&#39;re doing the written test and say i find this to be the easiest and then i find this to be the hardest and start with the easiest part of the question first this way you&#39;ve you go through those quicker and when the by the time you get to your hardest part whether that&#39;s math or whether that&#39;s a question about make a claim you can then have more time accumulated for that the time won&#39;t change but you&#39;ll at least have answered the easier parts first so hopefully that&#39;ll be something that you can kind of focus on and go through right and then some more questions and clarifications uh from the previous video um is you know if we answer a question in frq in a bullet point or a you know note format are we still going to get the points and here&#39;s how i would make sure that you guys understand this is the idea is you need to have a complete thought right the questions today the way they&#39;re written are not going to be all the way where they just say identify only they&#39;re going to have you asked they&#39;re going to have you give you a more detailed thing so here&#39;s an example right they&#39;re not going to say to just identify an endangered species they will instead ask you to identify a factor that might allow a species to be more prone to extinction or endangerment right that&#39;s going to require more thinking so are you going to lose a point if you if the reader sees a bullet no not at all as long as it&#39;s a real full thought so keep that in mind we&#39;re going to try to go through some content frq today so you can kind of see how that builds up and we&#39;re going to kind of focus on some of that so but especially on make a claim explain describe you will have to flesh that out more and give more details so be prepared for that and then here&#39;s a why can&#39;t digital test takers go back on multiple choice questions especially if they have more time then they want to go back to a tricky one unfortunately this is a security feature of the digital test um i we can&#39;t change it at this point this is going to be how the app is set up but my best advice is going to be to watch your time you know the app itself is going to have timers uh for the digital test takers but do your best to maximize your points um and always put an answer down for everything so it&#39;s unfortunate but that&#39;s just the way it&#39;s gonna that&#39;s the way the cookie crumbles so to speak right and so will these will there be conversions provided to us is another good question and um you know one thing i do want to point out is unfortunately no we don&#39;t have any conversion formula chart or anything like that in the past when they&#39;ve given frqs is if there&#39;s a unique conversion like an acre to a hectare they will tell you how much that is and then you&#39;ll go from there now the one thing i would recommend and we&#39;re going to talk about that today is be comfortable with the metric system that&#39;s going to be something that is definitely going to be something that will show up on the exam and you know if you&#39;re not comfortable using that then you&#39;re going to be a little behind on some of the math questions so just be prepared for that and then finally my last question one i found really interesting and i really love this question i didn&#39;t get a name on who submitted it but it&#39;s awesome is if we refute or support a claim that&#39;s not a common thing will we lose points right and the answer to that is unequivocally no i love this is a great example because a lot of students will confuse environmental science with environmentalism right environmentalism is a movement environmental science is the study of how these processes work especially in the interactions between the environment and humans so a previous example that miss bagley gave was you can make a claim that kfos concentrated animal feeding operations are good you can say that if you want to have inexpensive food or if you want to have jobs for certain workers then you can make the claim that kfos are good now of course you have to have the evidence for that when you make that claim and i know several of you have been made comments about how you follow claim evidence reasoning in your class that&#39;s awesome but just make sure that you make that claim and you provide some form of evidence for it if it&#39;s not um backed up then it&#39;s not gonna count so that&#39;s a great one so i love that because a lot of students always think you know oh it&#39;s an environmental class i have to you know talk about how environmental is great that&#39;s not true you know hydroelectric dams solar power wind those things have negatives to them and we&#39;ll talk a little bit about that today okay so good questions all around so hopefully you can continue to add that feedback so some helpful uh links in exam links for exam information are one of the things i want to point out is that if you&#39;re looking about when you have to take your test here is a link that you can be provided with there&#39;s ap central it&#39;s got the ordering scores and exam dates so you know when things are and then here&#39;s another link about the ap environmental exam specifically so if you&#39;d like to know about our test when the days are the format all that stuff you can go to that link right here and then of course the information of the digital exam so that&#39;s going to be kind of your testing guide and then the final one is going to be here the preview of the digital exam and how to get to that practice app so i&#39;ll leave those up for a second on if you&#39;re watching on youtube live here then you can always pause it and take a picture or screenshot and um you know you can visit those sites as you need them so one of the things we are asking is like we said i will do my best to answer questions um throughout the week and try to cater to you guys but i need feedback so um if you have questions if there&#39;s things that confuse you if you know you thought this was great this was bad please let us know we have a feedback form there&#39;s the link you can type in to get to that or here is the qr code that you can use to scan that and fill out as we need so please do we would appreciate it and i promise you i will be looking at it and trying to make adjustments throughout the next few days so that we can maximize the information you need and the potential to get a better score right so with that let&#39;s go ahead and jump into review yeah now um so things to think about here are we&#39;re talking about uh unit six which is the energy resources and consumption uh chapter and the big thing to organize here is to understand that things are going to be broken down into two forms right we&#39;re talking energy they&#39;re going to be broken down into renewable and non-renewable okay now when we&#39;re talking about non-renewable we&#39;re talking about fossil fuels oil coal natural gas and of course nuclear but the thing to understand is not just to list those you have to be able to make sure that you know that those resources are in a fixed or finite amount that&#39;s the big deal here they once they&#39;re transformed into a form of energy you can&#39;t easily replace them so that&#39;s going to be the big deal here between those differences and of course with all of these you should be back go back to ap daily or to your studies and make sure you know the pros and cons of each one of these i&#39;d love to be able to go through all these with you but unfortunately there&#39;s just too much and we want to make sure that we get to the skills and in our time slot today so and then of course we get to the renewable energy and how that&#39;s going to be organized is that there are energy resources that can be replenished naturally either at or at the rate of consumption so think of that that&#39;s the difference right so if you&#39;re thinking about coal right coal is brought about by pushing plant material down into the ground and pressurizing it right well that&#39;s not something that can be done in a couple of decades or in a couple hundred years maybe not even a couple hundred thousand years it may take millions of years for those processes to work so renewable energy all these are either unlimited like solar or they can be replenished pretty easily like when it comes to water or even hydrogen fuel cells those are pretty easily replenishable and of course wind and biomass as well so taking a look just so you remember what these what these look like there&#39;s nuclear there&#39;s coal oil and natural gas so those are your big four of your fossil fuels okay now continuing on one thing i want to make sure that we&#39;re clear about is that energy is not all suitable for every occasion right that&#39;s something that&#39;s going to be they have you have to be clear about because if you get a question about um driving electric cars it&#39;s going to be difficult to try to apply wind power to that right or even coal to those things so not all energy sources are suitable for every occasion right wind can&#39;t move cars unless we&#39;re all driving around with cars and sails on them that would be awesome i&#39;m sure would look great in a painting but probably not very practical to use on the road right and so some examples to think about here so we&#39;re going to go through these is to think about the renewable resources like wood right that&#39;s a home use type thing right maybe a long time ago it would it would have been used for transport yeah to steam power things but not anymore now it&#39;s a home use it&#39;s a renewable resource but it&#39;s mainly as firewood now i do want to point out about pete pete is a unique resource because that is a home use resource but here&#39;s the catch it can be renewable but it also is kind of in a gray area and can be non-renewable at the same time okay that is a type of basically it&#39;s a type of composted or decomposed wood or organic material that is kind of on its way to becoming a fossil fuel and it doesn&#39;t take as long as making coal or natural gas or oil but it is a process that takes a while so that&#39;s kind of why we put it in that gray area then we have coal right coal is going to be something that takes a long time to renew so that&#39;s non-renewable by our definition and it&#39;s going to be mainly used as a home fuel or power plant resource to generate steam for a turbine so we&#39;ll talk about that process in just a moment and of course natural gas is pretty much the same thing there are many homes that still use natural gas in their uh you know everyday lives and it&#39;s also a resource for power plants and sometimes for vehicle use but that&#39;s not as as big as as the other forms there are and then of course that other form for vehicle use is going to be oil okay so that&#39;s going to be a big time car mover right or vehicle mover and then of course you have some home use of oil as well and there&#39;s our renewable energies right you have biomass you have wind you have water you have solar and then you have geothermal and again we don&#39;t have time to go over every single one of these and explain in detail please make sure you visit the ap daily videos to look at each one of those that way you can see you know what do we need to know about biomass and you can even see a bunch of practice examples in there in ap daily in those videos so now another way to characterize energy is going to be whether or not that energy is used in a what&#39;s called a developed or developing nation okay and so how we classify energy for developing nations is that it&#39;s going to be starting off as a renewable resource type they&#39;re going to be using wood or peat for a long time but then as they transition to a developed nation they&#39;re going to rely more on fossil fuels and that&#39;s what a developed nation primarily relies on is fossil fuels so you know i think we can start off with wood and peach but eventually the movement tends to be towards coal oil natural gas and we can see this in a trend globally so let&#39;s take a look at a little graph here and as you can see in this graph we&#39;ve got a little bit of a trend of showing that um you know in the last 20 30 years things have steadily improved when it comes to natural gas and petroleum coal is kind of flat and then renewables have improved quite a bit as well the reason that those fossil fuels and non-renewables continue to grow is due to that movement from developing nations moving over into more developed and industrialized once they become industrialized that becomes something that they end up focusing on okay so that&#39;s an important thing to think about as we go through and you&#39;re going to see that in our practice frq today so you&#39;ll get a chance to look at that and then when we go over here looking at energy resources and consumption one big thing i want to point out to you that you kind of have to have nailed down completely right is this process of turbine turning around or turning a generator and that generator then creating electricity it doesn&#39;t matter whether you&#39;re using a renewable resource or a non-renewable resource time and time again we go back to this method okay so if you look at a wind turbine right so if you&#39;re looking at this this is more of a visual so there&#39;s more of a practice two type thing you&#39;re seeing a you know blade with a rotor and it is turning with the wind right and that is going to be attached to a turbine that is the turbine can bind to a generator and the generator is going to send the electricity off to the transformer towers to make sure that it&#39;s usable for homes and then it&#39;s going to send it out to those homes right now compare that to a power plant here in georgia right so this is a georgia diagram for the plant share in georgia and so what they do is they take pulverized coal and the pulverized coal is then put in a boiler and the boiler then boils water to create steam now the steam itself then turns the turbine which then powers the generator sending it off to a transformer off into the world for electricity obviously there are other steps here that you should know about water conservation and making sure that these pump stations get water to where they&#39;re supposed to go and of course the ash disposal so definitely there&#39;s a bunch of other steps but the key thing to understand is how do we get to that electricity point is be clear on these steps right here because whether we&#39;re talking about a hydroelectric dam tidal power and sometimes in the case of geothermal too we end up having to turn a turbine with generator to create electricity so please make sure you keep that in mind and be prepared on a multiple choice or a free response to be able to label some of that stuff that&#39;s something that may show up on either one so something to be mindful about when it comes to these okay and carrying on here the big thing after all of looking at all forms of energy and after you&#39;ve looked at those ap daily videos in more detail is to consider energy conservation right the big theme about environmental science is going to be sustainability and looking at energy conservation we can then use that to figure out our methods of reducing energy now there&#39;s two big things you want to look for there&#39;s reducing in your house or your home and then reducing on a large scale so here&#39;s how you do it at the house right you would adjust your thermostat so i live in texas where it&#39;s really hot most of the year minus a few cold fronts and i live in very deep south texas so what we have to deal with is we like using our air conditioners right it&#39;s hot we need to have our air conditioners so in order to conserve energy we would have to adjust our thermostat to be slightly warmer than we would want so if i want the temperature in my house to be 74 degrees that&#39;d be awesome but to conserve energy i&#39;d probably move it up to 77 and that will save energy here in my home that&#39;s one way if you live in the north you&#39;re probably having to deal with heat with cold and you want to have your heater on so you may have to lower your temperature a little bit more so it takes a while for that thermostat to kick in and not use as much energy now of course conserving water helps a little bit here because you have appliances in your home that use water like dishwashers laundry rooms things like that that&#39;s going to be a big help there and then of course you can also along with those with those appliances is you can buy energy efficient appliances when it is time to do that that&#39;s going to allow for the same things to keep on running but at a lower cost of energy and that&#39;s going to save money and of course save energy at the same time then also we&#39;re talking about conservation landscaping why would we want to do landscaping what&#39;s the big deal well minus the fact that you have to you know power the water to where it gets it has to go it also can allow for your home to be more energy efficient and you&#39;re going to see that in the next part here with some of the the large-scale things so conservation landscaping like for me again i live in texas it&#39;s very hot we probably have to do some xeriscaping to prevent so much water use and stuff like that now if you want to do this on a large scale right you want to get the population at large to lower their energy use you got to go and improve the fuel economy for their vehicles right the vehicles are going to be the big thing because you know we drive a lot there&#39;s going to be a lot of use of fossil fuels and if you want to lower that improve the fuel economy make sure that cars can go more miles per gallon right or kilometers per gallon or per liter and then of course switch over to battery electric vehicles that&#39;s going to be a big help and along with that hybrid vehicles will help as well and ultimately if you want to get less cars on the road or less vehicles on the road is the big move here is going to be to switch to public transportation right allowing for buses trains things like that that&#39;s going to allow for less cars on the road and that&#39;s going to be much less energy being needed okay and then as i was mentioning conservation landscaping goes hand in hand with green building designs so if you have a building designed something like this similar to that you&#39;re going to end up not allowing so much heat to get in there you&#39;re going to be able to conserve water you&#39;re going to have quite a bit of an impact on carbon dioxide so that&#39;s going to be something that can be as an addendum to that as well and then of course simple moves like switching to those energy star labeled those energy star labeled appliances and items so here we have a halogen light bulb that&#39;s going to produce 43 watts of energy versus an led that&#39;s only going to produce nine but they&#39;re both producing the same amount of lumens they&#39;re both the same brightness and so it&#39;s saving energy for you and along along with that saving you money because per year you instead of spending six dollars um you&#39;re now only spending a dollar twenty six so it doesn&#39;t seem like that&#39;s a bunch but when you have light bulbs all over your house that&#39;s definitely gonna be something that&#39;s gonna save you money so something to keep in mind now in this unit we&#39;re going to be looking at the science practices so you remember that there are seven of these and college word expects you to demonstrate them on the test you do not need to memorize these you just need to know what it means and keep it in mind what they&#39;re asking that&#39;s going to be the big deal right keep in mind what is being asked so if you&#39;re asked if you&#39;re being asked for concepts that&#39;s a practice one right the things we just saw the pictures and the diagrams of the power plants that&#39;s a practice too that&#39;s a visual representation okay practice three is going to be the text analysis that&#39;s only in the multiple choice we&#39;re actually going to look at that tomorrow in our examples okay so be prepared for that one and then of course scientific experiments you saw some of that last week you&#39;re going to see some more of that this week to prepare you to get the questions that the answers to those questions down on scientific experiments and then of course data analysis and mathematical routines which is going to be a little bit of our focus today and with that a little bit of environmental solutions that&#39;s always going to go everywhere and the thing to remember is some units are going to be more focused on certain skills or practices and others though the the main idea is that they can be assessed anywhere so we&#39;re going to be looking today at concepts we&#39;re going to be looking at mathematical routines and a little bit of environmental solutions which is pretty much always sprinkled in there okay so let&#39;s go ahead and look at an example so going into this we&#39;re looking at a little bit of a math problem here so this is a multiple choice a soil sample near chernobyl was found to contain 187 kilo becquerels per meter squared of cesium-137 the half-life of cesium-137 is approximately 30 years how much cesium-137 will remain in the sample after 90 years okay so before you panic i know some of you like i said you&#39;re going to feel like i&#39;m allergic to math i can&#39;t do this no it&#39;s not going to happen um remember there&#39;s some things to think about right um first thing is number one ask yourself what is it asking for right it&#39;s asking me it&#39;s giving me a bunch of numbers but what&#39;s what&#39;s the whole point here it&#39;s saying how much is going to remain after those 90 years so think about that and then of course do i need to know what a kilo becquerel per meter squared is honestly you don&#39;t i mean look at this it looks really complicated you know i had to actually look it up the first time i saw this what a becca row was and it&#39;s basically just uni radiation but that&#39;s not important that&#39;s stuff that&#39;s in there meant to kind of throw you off a little bit right it&#39;s a really good unit to understand and note but for our purposes of answering the question it&#39;s not something to to you know freak out about and then of course what math do i need to know so this is going to be a half-life problem okay so we know right here that this is a half-life problem so we&#39;re going to have to figure out either one of a few things either how much time went by how much is left how much radiation or how many uh what percent is left behind that&#39;s always a good way they ask it too and finally am i going to be able to solve this problem without using up too much time right remember in those 80 multiple choice questions you basically have about a minute and seven seconds per question so if you find yourself staring at this for more than 30 seconds 45 seconds you really shouldn&#39;t it&#39;s not worth your time especially when there are other answers that you can go through and answer and probably get right because you know them right so let&#39;s look at some key things here we&#39;re starting off with 187 kilo becquerels and it&#39;s going to take 30 years for a half-life and they want to know how much is left after 90 years so honestly this problem is not that hard and a lot of it can be done mentally you don&#39;t need a calculator for it but it is going to be helpful right so here&#39;s our choices uh a is 93.5 kilo becquerels per meter squared b is 23.38 c is 6.23 and d is 1.58 kilo becquerels now what i recommend you do on a half-life problem if you have the time if you feel comfortable doing it is make a table and where people mess up when they make a table here is they start off the amount at 30 years so many people will start off right here saying 187 30 years and that&#39;s not true at that 187 that&#39;s time zero so there&#39;s zero time that&#39;s passed here then after one half-life you basically just cut this in half and there&#39;s 30 years have gone by so that&#39;s 93.5 so it&#39;s not that then we cut it in half again it&#39;s 46.75 that&#39;s not even on here and that&#39;s 60 years and then finally 30 more years and cutting it in half again gives me 23.38 so that means my answer has to be 23.38 kilobecquerels now again if you find yourself staring at this and just freaking out it&#39;s honestly not going to hurt you to skip the problem but put an answer down you know you don&#39;t have to show work for a multiple choice so don&#39;t sit there and freak out and go i don&#39;t know what to do i don&#39;t know what to do and then before you know it minutes have passed and those are points that you could have gotten somewhere else so keep that in mind when answering those so let&#39;s go ahead and answer a basic free response model question two so let&#39;s go through this one the development of plans for long-term resource management depends on understanding the patterns and consequences of resource use describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable give a specific example of a renewable resource and a non-renewable resource that&#39;s a letter b describe and compare total resource use per capita in developing and developed and developing countries letter c what is meant by sustainable resource use give an example and letter d economic policies and practices affect society&#39;s progress towards sustainable resource use discuss one policy or practice that facilitates this process and one that impedes it okay so things to understand this is a basic one so this is going to be a way to practice some content as well as looking at some of the frq points here now again questions to ask yourself what examples can you think of when it comes to resources we just talked about the energy resources but there might be other resources as well that we&#39;re going to mention here too so let&#39;s start thinking about that how do you define a renewable non-renewable resource so that&#39;s something we talked about at the beginning here so keep that in mind as well and then a big phrase you&#39;re going to hear all the time that&#39;s not really a part of the the skills or the content is per capita right per capita is an economic term and what it means is per person and you got to think to yourself how are those developing and developed countries different per capita so that&#39;s going to be kind of how you have to think through this question and sort through in your mind then of course the big phrase for all of environmental science is what is sustainability how do you make something sustainable and then what can be done economically or societally in a practical sense right this is a classic example some of you like to think to yourself hey let&#39;s shoot all of our trash to the moon that&#39;s a great idea but it&#39;s not practical unless you want to spend a really high amount of money to get your trash in a rocket ship and send it to the moon so it has to be a practical solution so keep that in mind and again always make sure to look at the keywords in the questions right describe give an example discuss and be familiar with those and for you teachers out there if you&#39;d like to use this with your students later this is from ap classroom if you search for resource use and sustainability that&#39;ll give you this free response example so let&#39;s look at some of the points here right describe a resource describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable and give a specific example of those so there&#39;s three points here this is an old school question so it&#39;s a little more fleshed out per point but to understand here is make sure you note it&#39;s asking us to describe what makes a resource renewable non-renewable to give an example of renewable and an example of a non so let&#39;s go through what we would say for renewable resource we could say that it can be replenished by natural processes or just not depleted right for a non-renewable resource we would say that it can&#39;t be replenished in a useful time scale or that it&#39;s in a fixed or finite amount right make sure you know the word finite is and then of course your examples here are going to be renewable are going to be energy forms are going to be tidal solar wind hydro geothermal but there&#39;s also renewable resources like trees soil oxygen water and hydrogen so it&#39;s good to keep that in mind because they didn&#39;t say energy only they could have they also mentioned resources and then of course the example for non-renewable is going to be the energies are fossil fuels you can name any one of them uranium or you can talk about non-renewable minerals and rocks like iron copper aluminum gold and silver okay so those are things to think of as well and again when it comes to these let&#39;s look at letter b let&#39;s describe and compare the total resource per capita in developed and developed and developing countries so for this we&#39;re talking about describing a developed nation&#39;s resource use describing the developing nation&#39;s resource use and then of course comparing the two countries and figuring out why they&#39;re different so this is a pretty easy one to do you just have to know one both side one side and then you can figure out the other side pretty easily so we&#39;re looking at developed nations the thing you&#39;re going to see is they&#39;re higher income more technology use and using non-renewable energy is their thing developing is basically the opposite lower income less tech and more renewable you can even say less industrialized as well okay and then of course a developed nation uses more resources than developing nations due to their higher use of technology and non-renewable energy and that will help you understand what they&#39;re asking and giving you that describing and comparing so pretty easy to look at you just got to make sure that you can see what they&#39;re asking and then for letter c what is sustainable resource use give an example so there&#39;s two points here you know what is the sustainable resource use and giving the example so what do we mean by this well we&#39;re talking about the resource itself and the example of how you&#39;re going to do this and i want to make a note is there&#39;s always going to be the option to put multiple examples put your best one first this is not one of those things where you kind of wow them at the end make sure you put your best one first so that you can get the point that you need the person&#39;s grading your test will not you know go oh well they gave three bad examples and then one amazing one they&#39;re gonna look at that first one and that&#39;s it so keep that in mind so sustainable resource use is just gonna be using a resource where it cannot be run out or it can it can be replenished long term okay and so an example would be using selective cutting for timber maintaining it as an energy resource um or you could also say uh substituting renewable energy forms to extend those non-renewable energy forms so if you switch a city to a newly built hydroelectric dam then there won&#39;t be as much need for coal or natural gas to power the city as well so that&#39;s a good way to make those non-renewables more sustainable long-term okay and then finally here letter d economic policies and practices affect society&#39;s progress towards sustainable resource use discuss one policy or practice that facilitates this progress and one that impedes it so there&#39;s a couple points here the first one is going to be um the policy that facilitates and impedes and you have to know what those word means so what those words mean so facilitating is going to be something that helps it along and impeding is going to be something that slows it down or makes it stop right so that&#39;s something to keep in mind and to think of when it comes to those right and so that&#39;s something that you&#39;re going to have to kind of sort through when it comes to these and um you know when we go right here one of the things to to make note of is that governments can remove subsidies for certain things like fossil fuels like and non-renewables and then they&#39;ll give tax deductions for using more alternative resources and of course fines for misusing those resources and again the opposite applies for non-renewables the problem is that&#39;s impeding it is you have current subsidies going towards non-renewable resources the cost of those non-renewables and infrastructure is pretty low so that&#39;s what&#39;s impeding it right now and the lack of those taxes or fines for those for that misuse is slowing things down as well and just remember a lot of students like to put answers down where they say well the government can make you do this they really can&#39;t make you it&#39;s very hard to pass a law saying this is how it should be you can&#39;t do this instead they can try to incentivize that&#39;s what we mean by subsidies that&#39;s money government money going towards those things or taxes and fines to help people go in one direction or the other here and then um continuing on here let&#39;s think about it what science practices did these parts a and d discuss on this well mainly they were looking at concept information right and solutions so that&#39;s practice one and practice seven and again if you want to study some of this stuff you can look at ap daily video topic 6.1 and the videos pertaining to topic 512 so and again that&#39;s how free response questions will go they won&#39;t just study one question only or look at one question uh one topic so so let&#39;s go ahead and practice another uh free response here and this one&#39;s gonna involve some math right so looking at a question three model is an offshore wind project using turbines to generate electricity it&#39;s going to be built along the atlantic coast and it&#39;ll be located 13 kilometers from the coast in water with an average of depth of 10 meters and so look at the first parts describe an environmental benefit associated with an offshore wind project identify and describe potential economic effect of an offshore wind project and describe an additional way other than wind that oceans can be providing uh renewable energy okay so you see here after that they start giving us information having to do with the map so there&#39;s 200 wind turbines each with a capacity of four megawatts each turbine costs 1.2 million dollars to build and each the electrical demand is going to be expected to be 2 times 10 to the 6th or 2 million megawatt hours per year so as you see there they start jumping into the calculate calculate how much electricity is going to be needed in the win project to generate 80 and show all work customers in the service pay 20 cents per kilowatt hour for electricity calculate how much revenue uh will be produced if the wind turbines produce 80 of that electrical demand showing all the work and assuming all the turbines are operating calculate how many hours the turbines must operate to provide eighty percent of the annual electrical demand in the service area so show all your work so here one of the things i want to point out is see the non-math and then see the math every question three will be divided this way so it&#39;s not going to be a process of it&#39;s all math or it&#39;s no math at all this question is always going to be almost half and half so that&#39;s something to think about and again for you teachers that&#39;s wind farm construction calculation and again always always remember there&#39;s non-math on this so you&#39;re going to get about four to five points that are not going to be having to do with calculations so it doesn&#39;t do any benefit to skip okay so looking at the describe and identifying described let&#39;s answer some of these together and again what do you want to look at in this one we&#39;re looking at topic 612 that&#39;s going to be a big helper here and so what&#39;s going to happen well for an environmental benefit you can say that there&#39;s going to be less damage due to the decrease on fossil fuels in other words you&#39;re not going to have to destroy so much habitat mining and extracting natural gas and oil so that&#39;s one way we can answer letter a letter b we can say and that&#39;s one point letter b we can say well there&#39;s going to be a creation of jobs construction and operation and maintenance when you see the word economic think money and jobs do not go with animals and plants and the environment think about money and jobs when you see those okay and that&#39;s also a two point question there and the letter c is what&#39;s an additional way the ocean can power can provide generation of electricity well that&#39;s going to be through tidal power right as the tides come in the propellers move and that&#39;s going to move our process along of making energy with our generator and turbine okay and that&#39;s a one point part as well and so again that&#39;s a practice seven so if you remember what that is let&#39;s think about it what is a practice seven uh when it comes to these that&#39;s going to be looking at your solutions no math needed and that&#39;s a four to five point question generally almost all the time so good way to look at that now let&#39;s look at the math portions right they always give you the conversions you need so you see here it&#39;s got 200 wind turbines 4 megawatts for each one 1.2 million to build and it&#39;s going to cost 2 million it&#39;s going to have 2 million megawatt hours per year demanded so you&#39;re not expected to memorize many units but the metric system will help i can guarantee you if you see mega um you&#39;re going to probably have to move to kilo some sort or maybe even giga and so if you can look at the metric system beforehand that&#39;s going to help okay so looking at these let&#39;s go through them quickly calculate how much electricity is going to be generated so for that we have to take that that 80 percent and turn it into 0.8 and then multiply it by the amount of energy required so we know how much 80 of that is and again you can type it in like this on the app or you can use the little carrot sticks to help you out the 10 to the sixth and you don&#39;t have to use scientific notation we do this because this is the most concise way to do it but if you write out the whole numbers that&#39;s fine just be careful writing out your zeros so the answer for this is 1.6 times 10 to the megawatt hour and that&#39;s a two point portion because you do have to show the work and give the answer always show the work and include the units don&#39;t forget that okay letter e says customers in the service area pay 20 cents calculate how much revenue they&#39;re going to produce if the turbines provide 80 percent show all the work so here&#39;s a good point here if you get this answer wrong in d and then you have to use it for letter e it&#39;s okay if your number is wrong as long as the process works and the answer with your given number is right so if you had calculated 2 million here and you still got an answer that was off from but it from the correct answer but it was correct using these numbers you would still get the credit so that&#39;s an important thing to note for showing the work maybe not the correct answer but at least showing the work so here they take that 1.6 million and you&#39;re going to convert it here to kilowatt hours and so this right here is your conversion factor and how much it&#39;s going to cost right and that&#39;s 20 cents that&#39;s why it&#39;s two to the negative one and then right here is going to be your conversion for kilowatt hours to megawatt there&#39;s going to be a thousand kilowatts um kilowatt hours in a megawatt and so calculating that out that&#39;s going to be 3.2 times 10 to the eighth or 320 million dollars and whichever way this is written is correct right and that right there is two points so you can still get some credit if your number&#39;s wrong to begin with but you know as long as you show the work you can get halfway there at least then for letter e or for letter f excuse me um assuming that the turbines are operating calculate how many um hours they would have to use to get to that electrical demand so again we&#39;re using that number if it&#39;s wrong it&#39;s okay and then from here you end up with uh one turbine producing four megawatts and then from there the each megawatt was producing there&#39;s 200 turbines so again they put it all in scientific notation here but the answer basically comes out to 2 000 hours it&#39;s 1.6 million megawatt hours divided by 4 multiplied by 200 because that&#39;s how many turbines you have so now again this looks complicated in scientific notation i just want you to see what different ways this can be written out and again it does as you can see here there are six points coming out of this and what&#39;s our practice we&#39;re focusing on here practice number six so when we look at that remember practice number six is always and will always be your mathematical routines so be used to that and so we&#39;re going to pause here for a second here and just take a and answer a couple quick questions number one do we need the calculator not really you could probably do that by hand but it&#39;ll help so have it around you to make sure okay should i skip the math if there&#39;s absolutely nothing you know then i would say yes but always try to put something down you never know when you can get that point remember you get points added you don&#39;t they don&#39;t take away points for getting it wrong so don&#39;t skip it do your best and is it going to hurt me no it&#39;s just going to not give you the points you might have earned and of course show the work yes all the time okay and with that show the units as well and the other thing to think about is unfortunately no formula sheet to reference so bring your calculator or don&#39;t but there&#39;s unfortunately no formula sheet so do your best on those now what should we take away from all this i know that was a lot and that was really fast and really you know intense so what&#39;s the big things to think about okay the first thing is make sure that you remember some stuff about your exam the date and the format make sure you test your technology you know download the app get ready for you digital test takers and of course if you were lost on any part of this or any other video check out ap daily that those content videos are gold when it comes to this stuff we go through them in much more detail we give examples we get practice and it&#39;s a good way to to make sure you&#39;re prepared and of course know what you&#39;re expected to know the content and how to work them with the science practices okay and of course be careful read those prompts look for context clues once in a while you might be able to dig out an extra point from that information so the other thing too is remember the basic principles of the energy and math stuff we went over these just now know the non-renewable renewable resources how they work ask yourself what do you have to know every time you see a question for the multiple choice if it&#39;s taking too long leave an answer and go and then from there for the free response always have your non-math questions um non-math parts of that question answer that and then of course always show the work on the free response portions with your units as well and again distinguish the economic versus the environmental uh problems in the free response if it&#39;s economic it&#39;s money and jobs if it&#39;s environmental it&#39;s you know animals and trees and habitat right so to make sure you covered all this stuff and let&#39;s see if you were paying attention you can use the link below here to test your unit 6 knowledge this is a kahoot that you can use to practice and see if you know some of the stuff it goes over some of the things from this powerpoint and a couple of things from the ap test so you can kind of stay on your toes with that and then we did upload the previous kahoot links and a couple of the guided notes are coming up from last week&#39;s at our shared folder for ap environmental science so you go to this link right there and that&#39;ll get you there and please please please i cannot tell you how much we we appreciate the feedback so um let us know what you liked what you didn&#39;t like what you need to know more of if you&#39;d like something explained a little bit better i&#39;ll do my best to make sure that we can get through that in the next few days and cover the things we need okay and so uh one thing i want to say is uh thank you very much for tuning in i want to i appreciate your time and i hope that we can continue and i hope this has been helpful so i just want to say for my home school there go rattlers and go cobras and thanks for watching you

Transcript for:AP Environmental Science Energy Resources Overview

Transcript for:
AP Environmental Science Energy Resources Overview