now it will overlap with each other let's see the context of a social contract theory social contact social content theory is about what aspect of State in your state functions what is it about origin exactly it's about the origin of the states now uh context that was uh the conditions of France the conditions of France at that time uh France he was born in Switzerland but obviously he spent most of his adult life in France or mostly like France so the conditions in France the social political and economic conditions of France they had a major impact on Russo's political philosophy let's see what were those particular Dimensions that was 17 12 to 1778. okay now when he was living in France so at that time uh France was governed by the Louis Dynasty uh Louis 14 of 2015 and 2016. uh so Louis dynasty was ruling the France there was monarchy in France Malaki means I understand the monarchy in France was uh in fact a totalitarian one an authoritarian one a brutal one with a monarchy that had little regard for the public interest and the monarchy that was only selfish in interest and it exploited the common people it exploited The Ordinary People for their own interests um France tells what it was primarily an agriculture Society agriculture Society or agriculture societies they were attached to farming so as a result [Music] okay uh you will have to I have to pause it for two minutes sorry uh I come back in two three minutes please sorry just took two three minutes welcome back okay let's let's continue subscribe um dynastic spellings is yes do you remember the classification of a certain monarchy they were the meanings of Aristotle what is tightening it's the rule it's the rule of one man for selfish interest foreign landlords who own the land and farmers who work in the lands problem was three main types of people Ordinary People then landlords and then royalty Royal means families there are three kinds of people that had an alliance with the landlords they both had being having an Unholy Alliance they were having a wicked Alliance within each other and together they would exploit the ordinary workers The Ordinary People farmers for example in the entire State the landlords and royalty they were Exempted from Texas by law texts were Exempted to them and only the Ordinary People what to pay taxes only they were text and most of the money that usually that used to come from those taxes was spent on the luxuries of the royalty for the wars that they fought Spanish warming over me and they were spent on The Ridges of the landlords so the other people who are poor sorry they were getting poorer because of the um atrocities because of the um policies of the monarch that's true thank you for sharing this one 50 plus 250 percent maybe whatever is the case but somehow maybe from presence and common men the ordinary people they were at the receiving end of the state if Government would have been paying after taking taxes from you and Rich are Exempted from Texas and government does not spend money on you it only collects money from you will you consider that kind of state as a good state will you have a positive view of the state never exactly as a result of which that was the pathetic conditions now because of these conditions the people had considered State as an oppression as a symbol of Oppression they're considered rulers as oppressors on was one of them and he also fortunately had access to the landlords landlords used to fund him he was a common man but he was funded by the landlords Russo because of the bad experience of the French society because of the pathetic conditions that he observed in the French society he produced the theory of social contract to liberate people from clutches of the state I repeat this point Russo's theory of social contract was meant to free the common people from the exploitation and the clutches of the state is and he wanted to free those people the organizations be ordinary people and free them from the capitalists the landlords free them from the royalty this was the main context in which he wrote the social conduct Theory shortly France that people were suffering at the hands of monarchy and at the hands of the uh landlords and they were not giving them anything in return so somehow Russo who was an artery man but who had also observed The Riches of the landlord because they raised him despite that he wrote his social conduct Theory to free the common people from the chains of state from the chains of the landlords man is Born Free but everywhere he is in Chains manage boundary but everywhere he is in change in Sun by birth independent who has the strongest chains state is the most important chain on the freedom of the people ideas foreign debate property economics because economics foreign [Music] concept of property and concept of Freedom these are the two most important elements in Russo's Theory Russo did not espouse the social theory uh he did g he did give a special contact Theory sorry different but it did social contract but he did give the theory though elements concept of property because property Ordinary People and landlords the concept of freedom and liberty you don't mean that ordinary people must be freed from the control of the state States that's also important one so somehow a basically well let's let's begin so again foreign by first explaining Human Nature according to Russo Gene Jack Russo The Man by Nature is neither good nor bad he is naive innocent innocent he cannot distinguish between what is good and what is bad simple hair but he fulfills the fundamental instincts your basic institution just called law of nature he meets them a basic natural desires he used to do all of those things he knows how to follow the law of nature sort of animals he used the term and I quote him man is noble savage Noble Savage Noble because its innocence is Noble but Savage because He follows his instincts foreign Savage because he only follows the instincts is because he does not intentionally do harm to anybody he does not want to do harm to anybody in a sentence foreign but that happens because they are innocent so they are following the following instincts they are following a sin they are innocent and they don't know it's a bad thing they don't know it's a good thing they just do it because they want to so they do it is and so then foreign but what we taught them not to do but what we taught them to do was actually not the Instinct with which you were born by birth by birth you learned it that's not natural that's trained one I say he's like yes two two it's the same one so man is noble savage or noble savage uh oh what exactly so the point is okay man is Savage foreign state of nature state of nature State energy is the condition of the society in ancient times ancient times what kind of Life what type of Life what uh what was the state of Life at that time uh sense of good and bad no noble savage conditions foreign there will be peace there was peace there was peace they were free you do what you like to you are not changed [Music] foreign so therefore the people lived a free life but solitary life why solitary life you become social because of the fact that you understand that you are good is if you interact with others and that is a sense of good and bad they didn't have the sense of good and bad they only knew how to satisfy their instincts and they were only concerned about their instincts noble savage and therefore because they were only self-centric therefore we call their life as solitary life they never made friends they never made enemies they just lived on their own individual life so life was solitary peaceful and free at that time nobody would poke into the face of nobody nobody would interfere in the face that nobody because they didn't know interference you want to do good to somebody you want to do harm to somebody no idea at all it's a very ideal view because absolutely uh foreign um thank you foreign other than that they didn't follow anything else foreign [Music] this is why lock-in is the property is a natural right Natural Life foreign because they will not collaborate they will meet their own needs and that's it um everybody was on its own foreign but then a serpent entered their life a snake entered their life and that snake and that serpent no sense of property at all that serpent Ines it's a metaphor for property yes it's a symbol of fall of items supplement um when the very first man and he pointed towards a piece of land and said This Land Is Mine and that land is dying this land is mine and that land is dying that was the man who established the first Society that was a man who established a society of society foreign that was considered to be a bad thing sense of good and bad was developed t-h-i-n-e dying is that is dying um we call those people as Society common idea of good and bad is what we call the society so this is absolutely nobody was into nobody's Affairs they were each individual was free but the property or Society you lose your freedoms you lose you liberties you body restrictions so when so this is sometimes it's a blessing but as soon as people got conscious as soon as we got a sense of good and bad that was the beginning of end of their liberties is a bliss yes is it clear jump good or bad Concepts good and bad Concepts there is no hierarchy and Society there are people used or having common values so when they were disputes and conflicts then those people said let's enter into a contract let's try to restore our freedoms important disputes properties so people longed for their desire to go back to the state of nature everybody was free and nobody had interfere in nobody's Affairs and there was peace and they wanted to achieve the same innocence they want to achieve the same Freedom that they enjoyed in the state of nature but was it possible though it was not innocence let's enter into a conflict contractor or contract gear contact the people smoke a contract exactly okay but idea the people gathered at a place and they spoke a contract on a contact um we surrendered all our rights not to any men not to any man or any assembly or group of men not to any individual but to the general will of the community we surrender honor writes not to individuals not to people individually or collectively not to the community but to the general will of the community General Wilson here is so vereign General will General will became Sovereign because people surrendered their rights to the general will to the will of community that's two of us but velocity means general they did not surrender to people they surrendered to an idea that is called the general will be friends but the idea is that did not surrender to people this is foreign they didn't trust people they wanted to they wanted to surrender to the general will idea let's see now what is general will yes quadrant two generals is the will General will is the will which Wills the which builds the will of people tell me what does it mean by General will is a will which Wills develop people yes common good common good majority interest of the community mutual interest of the entire community important Joe it's a will which works for the interest of the people it's a will which works for the interest of the people interested what are the interest of people yes the same Liberty and same Freedom that they enjoyed in the nature they wanted to get the same freedoms the same innocence foreign works for geometry so General will actually uh desires the freedom of Liberties of people yes majority action replaces how General will be expressed who will do that majority or minority um it may be the will of the minority may be represented by or may be expressed by the will of the majority are the will of the minority please General Bill may be the will of the majority or it may be the will of the minority it is for the common interest of the entire Society but but who represents it is foreign foreign [Music] foreign [Music] foreign it can be sometimes of individual or few individuals that can also work for the intercedentary community so General will which is actually the will for people comes from majority or it can come from Minority foreign foreign people need to be freed from whom party Academy didn't it start working for everybody's interest it did cursive democracies can look after the interest of the entire community so this General will can be the will of the majority and it can be the will of the minority that would have become the Declaration of the majority it can be without a majority it can be racial minority foreign actual and real Wells actual will foreign it's a will which works for the selfish interest of the people actual it's a will which pushes human beings to work for the interest of everybody actually will selfish and each person has both actual and real Wills in himself or Hustle harinson Kendra Harris that always pushes human beings to act selfishly but to balance it Nature has also placed an um real will which pushes insan to work for the common interest of everybody foreign foreign exactly absolutely according to uh the Russo in each individual there is always a battle between the actual and the real will there's always a battle between actual and real world and as a result of this battle as a result of the clash between the two synthesis that senses is called General the general will in simple mathematical language is a synthesis of actual and real Wills foreign Angels and Demons okay movie so actual and real well synthesis foreign but the freedom and liberties I said liberties from whom liberties from other people say liberties foreign people wanted General to rule they surrender to General because they wanted they think the general will can free them from other people or other people obviously State Lord let's now move towards let's move towards the features of the city foreign this social contract created state this social contract created state or State Community because people politically got politically organized they surrendered to an idea a higher 30 was created which is General will yes statement who is sovereign foreign state or organic State yeah it's an artificial stage artificial man-made um that there will be sovereign fifth the concept of Liberty is context state is the end our state is a means student it's a means and here what is the end Freedom Liberty individual liberty or Liberty this state is meant to free people from State as well as to the society the same Freedom that they enjoyed in the times of uh state of nature freedom from the state and freedom of other people um so it has to free me from the control by you or by any other state Institution other police agar police if they detain you illegally you can go to the court of law um foreign who are you approaching state judici is part of the state so State say freedom individuals uh you'll have to go to see it her individuals foreign and police make sure that even a kid as an individual is free from the control of the state as well as this family why individuals why everybody considers everybody as a Freeman statement the managedy but everywhere he's in Chains man is Born Free but everywhere he is in Chains prices there's so many restrictions that we have uh uh foreign [Music] what is how many of you are free to make choices for yourself that's that's the Terrible that's a diamond I mean um we are not Greeks we are Muslims you are right you are right um foreign is it Islam bearing our liberties and freedoms it's not it's the society that does liberties exactly so that's the difference so somehow uh this is what is his theory these are the features of History foreign because Russo's teachings it was Russo's writings that actually created the conditions of um Revolt in France and people then ultimately rose up against the ruling Elite um State ensures Liberty by its rule of law that's true um can you please explain a certain point again um like yes that's true okay um yes I do like the most favorite writers he's my most favorite and ideal thinker because he wants people to free from other people as well as from the state absolute who will ensure the general will like any leadership concert in this series that uh General is followed uh we don't know it can be people it can be we don't know but who does it means is he is considered to be the intellectual founder of the French Revolution and the modern concept of Liberties this contract is revocable means they will have to ensure the liberty of people then they will not be able to govern absolutely foreign yes it was a theory that caused the French Revolution um he does how does he explain the cultural economy or whereas foreign that's the idea son exactly that um Theory social conduct theory is elitist backward looking and he was trying to look back to the poor people he himself enjoyed the riches and then he was talking about the poor so in a way that state government is Liberty through making itself accountable to ensure probability absolutely absolutely true yes this is the team which became the reason for French Revolution true initial who will decide Saji to me he is the intellectual father of another key and answered government obviously let's agree to disagree like and um he's an intellectual father of freedom and Liberties so Freedom can be in our key I agree but uh I trust people I think if people are given Freedom most likely they are not going to behave uh in a bad way so I trust people so I don't believe that Liberties will give Anarchy who will decide that General will is interest of people I mean General will always work for the interest of the people but will is always interested it's a sovereign to Liberty uh sovereign uh artificial means that because this contract was done by the people just give us a statement money so that's why it's artificial Liberty means that uh General will just Sovereign it will ensure that people remain free each individual remains free free from the state and free from other people isn't it this way a making state are too powerful and may lead to a state becoming so proud to powerful eventually as it is the soul body guaranteeing people's freedom uh I mean [Music] foreign review this is also conditional contact yes conditional simplest context of History simple context of theory was the conditions of France where poor people were exploited by the rich people so isn't this in a way making State too powerful and may lead to a state becoming too powerful eventually as it is the soul buddy currenting people's freedom absolutely is but it can work for the interests of everybody foreign party can work for the interest of everybody yes but this is uh excuse through which they kind of grab power their own hands too stories but power is in the hands of people as it's about their interests yes but people people are expressing General will but Sovereign people are themselves Under The Sovereign which is not the sovereign please everybody it doesn't matter how many people are ruling that doesn't matter minority majority doesn't matter what matters is like Channel 2. so we also need such a revolution that's true that's true we need it to but against whom Islam sorry family believe that humans are instinctual by nature and we are only tamed with regulations with too much Liberty will it create for an artist believe um and perspective um as contentment will be foregone um I mean let me debate that but I agree with most of it foreign China is foreign foreign foreign now foreign by first explaining Human Nature you would start by saying that both halves and lock started their social contact Theory by explaining Human Nature is foreign foreign humanism contrary to Hops log has contained to his ideas contrary to uh as opposed to herbs you will know that you have an idea that's it you will create your impression on the examination or sorry marks impressions that's how it works so this is how how you will start similar point s just like likewise foreign foreign same here yes heading or or comparison May or similarities similarly similarly log has a similar view products foreign foreign yes but this is [Applause] together okay uh Benazir will will find him so let's let's have a solution to that thing um together that will be the worst method combine um foreign logs theory is more hard-hearted than Hobbes um hard-hearted that uh I don't know hard-hearted but hard-heartedly because kind of um authoritarian state the critical analysis into some same same meaning uh no modern day come modern day uh applicability is contradicted to Hops foreign foreign