Overview
This lecture introduces conflict theory, a sociological perspective that views social behavior as the result of conflict between competing groups, with roots in the work of Karl Marx.
Origins and Main Ideas of Conflict Theory
- Conflict theory was developed by Karl Marx in the mid-1800s.
- It states human behavior in social contexts is shaped by conflicts between groups with different interests.
- Marx identified two main classes: the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat (workers).
- The bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat for economic gain in capitalist systems.
- Resources are unjustly distributed, creating continuous class conflict in capitalism.
- As conditions for the proletariat worsen, they may develop "class consciousness"—awareness of their exploitation.
- Once class consciousness emerges, workers may revolt to demand change.
- Marx argued that only eliminating capitalism could end this conflict.
Expansion of Conflict Theory
- Modern conflict theory now includes other group conflicts like race, gender, and sexuality.
- Different social groups have unequal power and access to resources.
- Powerful groups maintain control by influencing institutions (government, religion, schools) to promote their interests.
- Less powerful groups struggle to be heard and to obtain fair resources.
Real-World Example: The Flint Water Crisis
- The Flint Water Crisis involved lead poisoning in a low-income, mostly minority community.
- This exemplifies conflict theory, showing how minority and low-income groups face greater environmental hazards due to unequal power.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Conflict Theory — A perspective arguing that social behavior results from conflicts between groups with differing interests and power.
- Bourgeoisie — The class that owns the means of production (factories, companies).
- Proletariat — The working class who do not own production means and work for others.
- Class Consciousness — Awareness by a social class of their collective exploitation.
- Means of Production — Resources and tools used to produce goods and services.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the definition and main points of conflict theory for exam preparation.
- Consider additional examples of group conflict in society for class discussion.