Organic Chemistry Key Concepts

Are we done? And just lift, okay? Yep. I'll just give you guys a, like, it's going to be short. Like, I don't want to, we don't have time to give you guys a few minutes to work on it. I'll give you guys, like, okay, so the list of dark star sugar ethanol. There we go. So, um, I have those two book carriers. Um, for like, sorry. Anybody have any questions on this? This is an incredible link to everyone. Thanks for moving in. Okay, so number two. Determine which of the flying molecules is divot, the flying molecules is divot, and the molecular data is divot. I'll just raise them right there. So determine which one, if any. 20 seconds left. Okay, so for these, CH4 has symmetry. So it's not going to have a radical moment. And then NH3 is because it's a lone. And CO2 is not going to have a radical moment. So those, if something has a radical moment, So the symmetry from CH4 is going to keep it from having a deflation as a cause. And CO2 is going to flow. So the electromagnetic... I think I'm done. Okay, so let's do a quick shot. It is, which will have the higher political. So, I gave an ether and then I gave a beautiful. Yes, the right one because of hydromon. Hydromonics has an OH group. Hydromonics creates like a force that would be used there. You can't just hydromon with any hydrogen. There's hydrogen in the structure. Um, oh yeah, the hydrogen goes back to the oxygen. So that can make you want to just sew. So I just want to put those two things on. Okay, let's see, we're just going to cut it. Okay, so chapter two. Okay, so I have a formal charges for all the oxygen atoms and molecules. So this oxygen is going to have zero because it's, so the formal charges are going to be zero. It's valence electrons minus jogs minus sticks. You might know it differently with waves and jet tanks. I like valence and sticks so you don't have to worry about thinking about where they're at. So the valence number for oxygen is 6. So for this oxygen at the top, it's going to be 6 minus 4 minus 2, because there's going to be two lump pairs, so it's 4 dots, minus 6, so there's two sticks coming off of it, two lines. So it's going to be 6 minus 4 minus 2, which is 0. This is going to be negative 1, because it's the same equation. And then this is going to be positive, so it's going to be 6 minus 3 minus 2, and that gives a positive term. Number five. Draw the right side up. Draw the right side up. I'll give you guys a little more time. Thank you. So, there's five things like red mistakes, so like, no bits that should be red flags for you. Anybody know the one for letter A? Let's pause and jump right into it. Anybody know the one for letter B? Five lines of differing electronegativity, so Cartman's gonna, or, I'll do the one with the negative, and then Jarvis will come up, or happen to pen for an orchestrated cardinal. And then even though the one color is a little bit longer. So, then I get a charge of the same one. So, here we go. So, you can keep that. Keep writing. The first one below the cross is different from the one on the left. And just when you're doing the right side, just don't forget, each structure, like the first one below the V, stay on each structure. That's a good way to be able to tell the difference. The same overall charge on each structure. Another thing for residents is that, just don't forget, atoms never move. The only charges that are moving are electrons are moving. So for residents, just remember that atoms never move. So atoms never move. Each structure has the same overall charge. Two big things. And single bonds never break. Okay, and then let her see you move it up. Okay, now last one. And strong. Okay, CH2 to CH is a little bit longer there, and then CH2 in between. So it's going to do a 3 through 5. Okay, so chapter three. Hey. Yes. So here's what . So if they need to do a problem like this, and you have to label the base and the . What I like to think about is bases are going to donate their electrons, right? So right here. Cool. So we're coming home. This will be a proton transfer, right? All this with its proton. And now this is going to be the conjugate base. Right? Perfect. So when you're doing your conscious, who still remembers that? But so for our, that's what I, going down, so they go up on oxygen, so then we're going to go down the right. The base of the concrete is, this has a hydrogen attached, right? Carbon is way more, so it's more of an inductive effect. I know like Andrew is picking it up. It's more stable, right? So if this is strong, you're not going to have a strong face. So this is going to make you say, we have to. And this is going to make you say, strong, punch it out. Remember, baby birds, anybody know it? Yes, a lower strong punch to the face and or a weak axis. We have a weak punch to the face, right? But we have, and then we have a lean axis, right? Do you feel good about it? Okay. It's your review, so I'll take a number. Um, okay, what do I have next? Um, oh, good thing I saw this. You guys remember the party that there's... Yeah. Yeah. So normally when we do a negative one... So normally, using REO, this would be more stable or stronger, but this is an exception. We're kind of looking at the same thing. But this is where it's more normal. Yeah, this is where orals meet allos. So, good thing you mentioned that. There's one exception. It was funny. In the book, it's like one little thing. Which one would be the most specific proton? So, when I'm doing science and computing, what I like is if you have a strong conjugate base, right? Like if we did already, we found a strong... that comes from a strong neck. And if you don't believe me, we can look at this. So let's say we have a base, acid, from the acid comes the base, right? So if we have a strong punch to the base, that means that this base is weak, right? So this is strong. And this is wheat, right? So see how a strong country base comes from a strong acid, and a weak country base comes from a weak acid, right? So knowing that, knowing that here, we would be like, okay, I can use R to find the most stable... Here, using Mario, the triple one, and then the next one would be the one, because triple beats, double, double beats, and double. What I like to do is go through using ARIA. which is also a, if you have strong body Yes, excellent. So do we agree that this would be a large sample? And next we'll be going to, so let's do two, three, and four, right? So this is our shock-explanatory phase. So we air our, and it starts showing up. We get space. Is it plugging? Okay. Yeah, so she's right now from her conjucting basis. If you're a strong conjucting base. So do you see how if we're breaking parents' dates into our trauma dates? Does anybody want to do another problem? That's all I have to care for. I'm going to try to... So... Right, so this is one, two, three, four, five. The thing I'm keeping is making sure your subject is... And you always start over check, so I can start, and I will go... So I can do three, four, five, or one, two, three, four, five. This one, right? So we're going to go 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. This little peak, if you do have one, is always... So we put the long tip in. I did that wrong. Yeah, I did it wrong. I got the question. So you have this mental curtain, right? So seeing here, this is me. You did. The radiation that's been through. The metal. The metal. I did? Yeah. So You have to number how many carpets you have, right? So on this side it's 1, 2, 3. Then you do the dot, which is 1, 2. And then you do up here, 1. And then you count how many carpets. You have 8 carpets, and it's all single lines, so we're going to do off the team. Don't worry, I have them paired, and I don't have to type that stuff. That was my credibility. So they can all lay down together or they can go quiet. Alrighty, so the first thing I'm going to do is find the bridgehead. So we have to take the longest way possible, right? So it's going to be on this side because there's more garbage than on this side. And then we have to do the same switch, right? So there's two messles over here and one messle over here. So we're going to go this side. So then all we have to do is label. 2, 2, 5, 7, tetra, methyl, 5, this one looks great, you guys probably did this back in the day, 5-encyclose. So this is 1, 2, 3, 4, right? One, two. And since there's nothing to be, it doesn't pop the zero option. If it was drawn like this, and there was something, it would look like that. And that would be the little, that would be the little P. Does that make sense? So it can be drawn both ways. But this one, it doesn't have it, so it's a zero. So often in the chapter we talked about the weight of the musket. So if I'm comparing something that's linear and maybe something that's branched, don't get branches like I am, which one do you think would have a higher boiling point? The way I like to think about it, and I'm not going to talk about this, is what's in a quick-back story? A frying pan or a pot? A frying pan, right? So this is going to heat up quicker than this So this has a higher boiling point and also has a higher heat of combustion. I'm going to just leave that working. I'll come back and start without it. Okay, raise your hand if you'd like to do any of the motions. I had a feeling it was going to be you. Okay, so I'll show you my philosophy. Nisha also has her own machine playing on the board. So, this is where I think she is. Okay, so with the mini-tool, I'll show you some of it. So in this puzzle, we have the arrow coming down from here. We're looking at two carbons, right? So we're going to be looking at this front carbon and this back carbon. And we know that the name in the circle is like this. This right here is the front carbon. That's in the front of the circle. And this back carbon is like behind the circle. So the first thing I like to do because it's kind of just like okay what's left what's right what's up what's down is I like to find out what's in plane and what I mean by in plane is not on wedge or dash because we know wedges go outside the pages and dashes go inside. So a single line going up or down is not going to go in or out of the page. So for the piece here, we have a broken on the wedge, it's not drawn, we have a higher position on a dash, right? And then we have a mental. And this mental is going up or down. Now, in plane only goes up or down because when you go outside the page, the dash will go in. So that's how you know your front is going to be wide, right? Sometimes it can be upside down. Why? This is... Yeah. So this is in your methyl. So now we're standing here and a methyl is coming down and it's growing from out of the page. So if I'm standing here and I'm looking this way and a method is pointing me going down and it's rolling me out of the page, is it on my left or my right? My right. Sorry, I'm going to be a little more. And you're not going to visualize. So you're just going to run? Yeah. So you're going to be forever realizing. How long was I running? So, your eye is coming from the left, your group on the wedge goes to the right. And then opposite, the eye is coming from the right, group on the wedge goes to the left, therefore the action is going to go to the right. You don't have to wait until you know left one, and then everything else is the opposite. So, eye coming from the left, group on the wedge goes to the right. And then, I don't know, I'm just going to try not to get too much of it. So right now we were just standing here and we said the girl needs to come in out of the tape right so like it was so weird in my sessions I'd be like oh I did it And I did a person and like so many people got it. So like I know it's elementary school, but it works. So if you're sitting here, you've got the metal pointing down. So this is coming out of cage. That's coming on this person's right. So for the back carbon, imagine you're here, right? So I always look for what's in plane. What's in plane is a metal pointing up. and then here we have a roaming going to our right and then right here it will be a high version to our left and again that will say the same the eye is still coming to the left for me it's still on the wedge so for me it will still go to the right yes all right So now we're leaving it. Alright, so right here, if this helps, this is your circle, right? From front to back, forward. So the first thing is to find it in plane, right? So we have a mental point down here, so we know that we're going to get to y. So we're standing here and we got a methyl going down and we got a chlorine going into the page. Is it on our left or right? Right. Right. Okay, all righty. So now, all ready? Okay, um, stop. Um, so now we're standing there. And what's this? That's the right, and it's pointing up. Now we have a romi going out. So would that be on the left? I don't know if the person helps, but at least if anything it can help you imagine in the plane and out of the plane. Like if this person is in plane, this metal is with it, and this is going out of the page. So it would be on this person's left. Okay. So that's all I have for me to practice doing so that I can do it. certain characteristics of humans about what's most stable. So, what is most stable? It's called anti. Remember that? So let's say we've got methyl here. Methyl, hydrogen, hydrogen, and even methyl. See you, Carol. These two are completely 100 and 80 degrees apart. Pretty much in that mystery, anything that is stable is we want them far apart, right? The transitor is stable at this because it's far apart. So this is called anti and that is our most stable conformation. So sometimes you might have to rotate it to get to the most stable. So, um, here, this is called stagger. It's, it's... It's not next to each other, it's staggered. I have a funny story about staggered, but I'll tell you about that one. So, up here we have a cliff, right? So a cliff is when they're like, shifted or close to each other. So looking at here, which one do you think would be the least stable? The middle, right? Because the two ethyls, exactly. So this is called gauch, I think it's the proper term. Gauch? I'm not sure. Gauch interaction is with, um, they're close and interacting, right? So this would be more of a gauch than like this methyl and hydrogen, right? And here we have a methyl and ethyl, but an ethyl and ethyl is less stable than that. The bigger the group is, the less stable it will be. So ethyls are bigger than ethyl enough. We don't want anything to be together if we want stable. That clears things up. Tokyo B. So now we're going to talk about chairs. You guys remember your chairs? Yeah! So this is your music chair with your equatorial and your axial thrown out. If you kind of forgot about this, I would definitely repush it. The way I like to think about it is that your axials are always pointing up or down, right? So you put your axial, axial, axial, axial, axial, axial. And the axils on the corner always point away from the chair. The two equatorials on the end point to each other. And the one that some people forget or I feel like are most prone to forgetting is this line and this line are parallel to each other. Because I see a lot of this. And that's how we walk. I don't know if you guys still have short examples of your final, but if you have short responses, you can do that. So if we had a dollar share of this, I already put the numbers there, but we know share of dollars are a combination of a cycle hexane, right? So I'm going to label what we're dealing with, right? So we're dealing with a methylmeramine, and we know that there's going to be one part of the model. Maybe try to stitch it out, see how much you remember, and then we'll go over the trim. So over here I do the chair right. I personally like starting at this corner because it's not my learning start as long as you keep them consistent. So because this is carbon one, this metal is on a wedge. So this metal is on a wedge so it's pointing up. Wedges point up, dashes point down. Yeah, that's what we talked about before. There's a lot of taxes going up. Yeah. Just make sure you put everything up. Yeah, and in hand, remember that I heard someone once say down and dash. Because wedges point up and dashes are down. So down and dash. So since this is on a wedge, we're going to draw it up. And in this carbon position, up is axial. Because if you're looking up here, this is pointing up, this is pointing down. Here, this is pointing up, this is pointing down. Up, down, up, down. Hope that's making sense. So carbon 2, we don't have anything, so we're going to skip it and now we're on to carbon 3, right? So now this is going up, so we have to go all the way up, right? Okay. Demo here, axial is up in this position, that's why it would have the axial on the other hand. Thank you. Okay, so whenever you do a chair conformation you always have to flip. So when you flip you draw it the reverse way. So whenever you draw your flip you have to remember to skip a part of it. So see how we start here at this carbon number and now we're going down here. So this is cleaning up and whenever you, so let's say flip, you skip a carbon and then ultimately your equatorials are going to switch to axials and your axials are going to switch to equatorials. So they'll still remain up and they'll still remain down if they're down. We'll get that in there. Up is up, down is down. That's what's going on with the other area. So this is pointing up, it's an axial, we're going to skip a carbon. It's still pointing up and now it's an equatorial. Now we're still on carbon 3, this is pointing up an axial, so it's going to be pointing up an equatorial. Now, which one of these is going to be more stable? Up or right? Right. You're right. I failed it. Because when I write EQ, but EQ just stands for equatorial, it's the most stable, right? So see how these two are in axial and these two are in equatorial? You want equatorial for the most stable confirmation, right? These are confirmations. Awesome. Okay, we're moving on to chapter five. Stereo is superimposed. So when you talk about that in the beginning, they kind of define constitution isomers, stereo isomers. So stereo isomers, they have the same electrical connectivity, but they have a different mirror image. So, I'm going to show you what I put here. So, I'll freeze that one. So we have stereo air. So we have an antimer. I remember this word out of my mouth. And, um, we should, that's it, or is her next in line? Yeah. I, they're, they're right. Is that right? I did pass English a while ago. Okay, so, enantiomer would be everything changes, right? They have these names in the book, like the sun glasses and stuff. That kind of just confused me, so I just like to look at what you really need to know. So we have... mmm... right? Our enantiomer, I'll go down here. So in an antler everything switches. All the dashes go into wedges and all the wedges go into dashes. But with your diastereomar, a diastereomar could be this. Which you would use this. But do you see my point though? Is that this one stays, but this one changes? Just like one, but not all of the chains die here. Yeah, just one needs to stay the same for it to be a vector. Or things do not remember to go. They're going to sit on top of each other now. I'll get fired for two inches. Okay. I mean, that's a different time. Okay. So, another thing we talked about here is this versus tram, which is also called E and Z. This, when you're comparing proxmox to double bond, you would look at the... Oh, this is my problem here? Okay. Well, probably it's going to be not so regardless. So we're going to look at this and this. They're on the same side of a yellow wand, so that means that it's cis or aka E. Just kidding, E. And the way that I remember that is the same side. Did I? No. I unfortunately thought about it on my own. If we had this, it would be trans, which is also called P, right? Now what if I had, what would this one be? It would be meter. I remember when I first took this class and I was like, wait, why is the size a meter? Like, you know, I'm getting kind of confused. You can't compare it if it's on the same carbon. So, remember, we're comparing stuff across a double bond, so they're on separate carbons. If it's on the same carbon, you can't compare it, so it's a meter, right? These are the two ones we're comparing today, the highest atomic number. So, it's a meter. Cool. The next thing we found at the fire was pyro centers, which everybody loves. So real quick, this should be a review, but there's just some reminders I want to make. So doing pyro centers, you need four different bonds. So the only one we have here is in the sky. So you have to prioritize. So the ones with the higher atomic number. This would be 1, this would be 4, this would be 2, and this would be 3. Chlorine, wind, then oxygen, then carbon, then hydrogen. So then this would be R, right? Because it's going clockwise. But because this hybride is on wedge, your fourth priority, your lowest priority always wants to be on a dash. So you have to flip it. So the answer is going to be F. If this is on your test, don't write R, R over S. No, just write all your S. Because I don't want it to be like, oh, you wrote low time and you did well. Yeah. Just like if you're done with races. I have all the errors just to help with you. Okay, yeah. Just like make sure they know your answer is F. Yeah. Alrighty. We'll do one more because I want to make a good concept point. Okay. So doing the same thing, this is going to be our one viral center. This one's going to be one because it has an oxygen, and I'm doing this OEC4. So then we're here. Okay, there's two carbons. See, I can jump out, right? Here's a carbon, and here's a carbon, right? So here we have carbon, carbon, right? And one hydrogen. And here we have carbon, carbon, two hydrogens, right? So the one hydrogen, this one carbon, the one hydrogen is going to be the one with two hydrogens. Because you might think, well, this one should win because this one has another carbon. Finish this guy first. And this has one hiding minute and this one has three. So this is going to be two, this is going to be three. Oh yeah, I thought we should do that one. So then this goes like this. This is S. We're not going to flip it because it's on a dash. So that's a different answer. Okay, I'm not sure I got that. Alright, real quick. I know everyone on PC is, um, there's a big rotation, right? So, if you get a formula like this, um, this is the formula. To be honest, I don't really like memorizing the formula because I'm just thinking about it. But reading this, it says, okay, when we have point-based decrease, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, 10-millimeter water, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, that's observed rotation. So your observed goes on the top, okay? Because this is equaling specific rotation. If they give you an upon, they say specific rotation, you have to... Okay, so this is the observed that's going to go on the top. And then C stands for concentration, right? Or you can say, wait, wait, wait, this is 0.3. Why do you do this? Because it's grams over millimeters, right? So if you divide that, you get this, okay? And then you do times decimeters. If you have a hard time with this configuration, you're not really going to spend a lot of time, but the one thing that helped me was gaining kind of a good guide for getting a chocolate milk. Right? So then this is centimeters, this is millimeters, this is, this will be deci, this will be deca, right? So we're at centimeters, we have to do decimeters, we're going to move it over, right? So it's 10, so it turns into this thing, I don't know what I'm doing. Yeah. Sit down for a while and let your head wrap around it. And then that. Just remember, observers on top. So then the next one, we have the land here. And then here at this, so we have observer over here, right? So it all might look like this. It's a big rotation. So it's telling you it's 39 and then it found the mixture of absinthe syrup. You have to look for the keywords. This is in the book so if you can't jot it down in time, just put like observe over here. For the saving time. Ummm... Alright. The answer is right there. We don't want to let go of the energy changes every time. Yes, it's a bit hard. So if you want to do RNS, we've talked about that before. MISO has plane symmetry, friction perfection, and not that sentiment. Remember that these are on wedges. I've written them up so when you fill them in, it kind of looks like a bow tie. So every time you do a fish reduction, you have to flip it because usually you will have hydrogen here and you're going to have to flip it because it's not going to be on the dash, right? So just go around and do like this. Two, three, four. And then we'll flip the bar. One thing I want to point out right here is that this is miso, which it might not look like it, but all single bonds can rotate, right? So if you rotate this one, sorry, I'm going to do another one, but when you flip it up, you switch the sign. So if you were to move this down, it would become a dash, and then that... So notice that it fits and see how there's two metals so it's symmetrical. Okay? All right. Nisha? Okay, so if you look through chapter six, there's a little bit of like thermodynamic here. Okay, so which delta G would correspond to the key? K, the people in the left are one. So, I don't know if you guys remember, but if KQ is less than 1, WG is going to be non-summit. So, WG is non-summit, it's going to be positive, so it's going to be letter A. So, if KQ is greater than 1, then it's going to be a negative WG, which will give you a non-summit direction. Equal to one, B would be your answer. Um, okay, so my next question is delta S of the system. So delta S, it's talking about entry. S likes more disorder. Um, it likes a lot more things or less things. That's a good way to like think of it. Broken up things, better than just like one thing together. It likes disorder. So for these ones, um, it's asking delta S, it's gonna be negative or zero. So it's positive that the disorder is increasing, you have your products are more. Another way is like... Okay, so for A, you've got two products and you've got one reactant, so it's going to be an increase in disorder. So delta S is going to be positive. For the cyclic, A-cyclic one, more disorder means like not all. So you can see the reactants not as orderly as the product. like the paint sticking out, it's not as compact. So the disorder in the product is actually, the product is more orderly. Okay, so now I'll move on to air cushion pattern because that's like the gold, or like, no the gold truck sticks. I think that's what I'm gonna go next, yes. So, yeah, I'll look through this and we can move on to like. This you actually approach that now. So identify the air pushing pattern used. So yeah, like I said, you actually approach that. I'll give you guys a... Okay, so what's the first one? Right, and what's like the general answer? She said metal shift, by the way. What's the carbocation? Free, oh right, exactly. What is another kind of carbocation? Okay, and then notice the positive charge will move. If you just gave that carbon that was missing one, you just gave it another bar. So the positive charge can move to the one that just lost the bar. Like I said, metal shift and hydration. So for this one, what's the other? Okay, so A and B. A was like the carbocation arrangement, and then, I don't know why I said yes after that. B is the proton transfer. And then just note stability. So primary carbocation is worse than the second. So just so we know what I'm talking about, I did think for the reactant for A, the one on the left. Secondary tertiary. Secondary, exactly. What's the one on the right? Tertiary. Tertiary is always more stable, so that's why that rearrangement happened, because that molecule is trying to get to a more stable place. So, like I said, primary versus secondary versus tertiary. There's also this air pressure pattern, nucleophilic acid. So nucleophilic acid, if you have trouble knowing what it is, you're usually adding something. You're adding whatever the nucleophilic acid is. So if you see something on the left side here and it gains a big group, now check out my example of a proton transfer, but it gains like a large group, then it probably isn't going to feel like it's going to happen, whereas a loss of the group is the opposite. You're going to lose the group. So this is a good way to identify what's happening. For the transfer, I'm going to lose the group. Oh, okay, so here's the file. So we're going to use the terminology. Nucleophile means nucleus loving. So it's actually negative. People think nucleo, oh it's a new positive. But it's negative because it loves positive things. So things like little pairs, pi bonds, there's a lot of electrons. That's going to be more of a nucleophile. That's what's going to be doing the attacking. And then electrophiles are electron loving. So they're positive things that are okay. So a common thing that you guys see all the time in forego is this reaction right here. This guy is not being... Now you guys know the meaning behind it. Well, if you didn't know the meaning behind it, you still do. Is this carbon right here has a partial positive charge. Like we said, we're talking about resonance. This is different in carbon-electron activities. So that was negative. So which one here is going to be the nuclear-fault, which is the electron-fault here? Hmm? Oh wait, she's a nucleophile. It's a guy attacking. And now I know it's confusing because at 5-1 we're usually going to be nucleophiles, but you just have to be careful because there's more negative ones a little bit. This is more of a nucleophile, this is more of an electrophile, because it's getting that partial positive because oxygen is drawing out the electrons. You guys do this reaction all the time. Um, so that's the nucleophile here, this is the example, this is the electrophile. And then like I said, you gain a group usually. Well, sometimes they're asking, it should just be the carbon on the product, not the entire molecule. It's like a question of order. You don't have a choice. You create your own molecule, but it should be like the entire carbon. And you're like, or like, you're putting it on the edge. The other two arrow patterns you see. Okay, so I'm going to get the sheet over. Okay, so now draw the curved arrows for this. And then I'm almost drawing the line. So, wait. So take a picture of your products. Take a picture of this. So the first step was proton transfer. Then the next was an attack. Then another proton transfer. Then we're going to do 7 and 8. Okay, so S-N-1- Three birds tertiary, we know a bimethylar unit. What is it? Rate equals, and there's like a subunit K. Sub means substrate, and substrate also means electrophile, right? So they love having questions of like, do you have an SN2 reaction, and we triple the amount of the nucleophile. Would the reaction triple? No. Because here, doubling is the double rate. Doubling is inversion. I felt like this was the same. It's a mystery dish. The graphs just represent, since this is conservative, it happens in one step. And since this is stepwise, each little, so if it's five steps long, it's going to happen in eight, and these are calling it. So, since technically both can do secondary, the next can do macro. Polar protic into legs polar apes. So what polar protic means is that this is hydrogen bonding, right? And you should mention before the way I like to memorize it. Fun! Okay. See how here we got the this, we got this, and then we got this, right? So if you see the solvents, think SM1. If you see solvents over here, it wouldn't have hydrogen bonding. So if they threw like some complicated thing, there's no hydrogen bonding, think SM2. Awesome! So we'll look at this one. So it's a substitution reaction. So what did he ask the vet for a view? So to call the mechanism real quick, we know that it is O-H-O-D-E-N-G-E-R-D. We've got to pronate it. Give us this. So that would turn this into water. But there's a positive charge, right? Because it lost one of its own pairs. And now we have this eye over here that's now completely negative. So it's going to come in and attack. Pop. And that's going to be your answer. Okay. Just remember that with essay one, because it's going to be the ratio is conservative, so you're not. So if you had a, even for multiple choice, mentally do, and I don't want to say mentally because I like to say mentally. Okay, when you're doing it, this is the hashtag for car recovery. And they were testing the concept, so I would know that. Next, going down to this one, it's going to be the same thing, right? We have tertiary. This is polar prohibitive, right? So then we get constitution. Then we have... So this is the SM1 or SM2? SM2, right, because it's primary. And water is on the leaving group and inserted, right? So this guy up here converts into OTS to make it into the leaving group, right? And then we got this. So whenever you have a sodium that makes any losses, that makes it negative. So we're going to have negative cyanide that's going to come in, attack. O-ease, this is like a new football, O-ease impacts the carbon. Okay, do you guys want more practice? Because that's literally all I have to know. Do you feel good about that? So, for Chapter 8, you know I got here. I do not know what I'm going to do. Okay, well we know that, um, S.E. 2 is concerted, right? It's kind of, um, similar to the last. So, and we also know that this may be the... And this is just going to be the substrate. Right. So, the way I like to think about it, what I really like is the chart. If you have... I didn't think you were going to say this. EAT ONE only happens if you have her shirt, weak face, and um... Here we go. Okay, so we're not going to write the setback as an issue. So if you have only a base, it is going to be just E2. Alright, so that's going to be your number. And then going down, so here it's got a weak base and a weak middle file. The way I like to differentiate between a strong middle file base and a weak middle file base is when you have strong, you're going to have a negative charge on the top. If it's weak, it does have a charge. If you have a primary, you know that that's SN2, right? If you have a secondary, this isn't even fashionable because it's an elementary. So even then, SN1 is a dayward over E1. The cleaning is literally three conditions. It needs to be a week, three months, and a week. And if that is rough, I would definitely go over the book. It's page three. Moving on, what am I going to do here? This is just a mechanism of how it works. So whatever your leading group is attached to is called alpha. And with bases, we always attach beta group bonds. So we have a new component. Right? This can be a nuchal clot of the face. It is strong because we know that this is a closet. So we're going to have this arrow is going down here and then our next arrow is taking it off. This is going to be in our double clot. With E2 and the predicate E1, we have, well this would still be E2, right? We got strong. This is going to be a negative R group. You can get two products, Zycep and Hoffman. Zycep is the most substituted. See how this is priced versus, is it Zycep or Biotic? It's going to be Biotic substituted, I believe. It just has two things that match with that black one. So for this one, those are the areas that are making sense. This is beta, this is beta, this is beta, right? So it's going to attack beta. It'll make a double bond and pop. So that's going to be this one, right? And for the other one... Right, so this is alpha, this is the beta, right? So we can attack this proton. And then this goes underneath me. So it's there, and this goes there, and that goes to the top. Does that make sense? That's Hoffman. The only time range, this vapor, and if you substitute it, you've got a whole few vapors. Okay, vapor is Hoffman. Um, usually there's two keys. So there's one really important example I want to end it with. When you're doing elimination and noticing. So this would be an example. So we see that our leading group is here, right? So this is alpha and orange. Right? So this hydrogen here is alpha. Then here we got data and we only have one proton, right? So when you have a proton, this is when you need one. Alright, super quick. I didn't know how to do the answer. So, at least if anything we're getting like people with subtypes. So, what I would really quickly is... This is the phenyl, pH, and the methyl. This is, it claims to be the bromine. So this is the hydrogen we're doing. If you were to do it anymore, I mean, you could just draw all of the air. If you notice how we... Who is? Anybody? These, you won't put one down. These right pins are on the same side as the point. So you can't just carry it in. Oh, I just wanted to throw it in there. Um, oh, I... And here we have three beta protons, right? So because you have one beta here, I drew it out behind the rock. And then when you draw it from the new, it has metal, so they're sharing your carbon. Brace to go over here. Yeah. And then right here, we saw that this was going to be our major, right? But we still have beta protons here, so that would be our minor. So in this case, there was no two products. Let's do it. Okay, so this is what I'm going to do in here. Okay, so check that. Chapter 9 is when we start getting into reagents. So, alright, so I have a bunch of problems in my process, so I set predictive major products for each. So when you do chapter 9, something I want to point out, everything you should be asking yourself in your head. And chapter 10... and like those kind of religions are, well, what does it mean? If it's anti-sin, so as the two groups that you just added, they're going on the same confirmation or different, they're going on the same confirmation like they're both wedges or they're both dashes of sin. They're going on the same confirmation on differently that's anti different grades some regions go thin some regions go anti so know that and also know if it um puts down some more common or anti-reproxy so if you're putting on your group in the most substitute position it's more popular because i'm the least substitute position anti-reproxy all of chapter nine has to do with double bonds like those kind of reagents in addition to just breaking the little one and adding stuff so when you're breaking the double So one, I think about if you're going to I'm a student at Antietam. I'm going to be a student or a student. I know that I have some tricky questions about my multiple choice test for my people that are tricky on that. So, we can go in about what you're used to doing what. Okay, so there's a problem. Write it down. Take pictures of them all. Okay. Okay, so here is my question. Okay, so here is the anticoagulant. So H2PT puts the hydrogens on the same confirmation. The last time you see it, it is not pyrolytic. I want to show this problem specifically because this happens to be METO. So I wanted to show you that the hydrogens do go on the same confirmation. It is a similar agent. TH3 with THF, that was anti-mercantile, that was a relief, so OH1 on the least of the two sides. And then, uh, these are from CPBA, um, that put them on trans across the level 1, and they're showing the mega mils, like, stand 7-4. If the carbon flips, so let's say this is your answer choice, notice how this could have been the answer, but it's not going to be right. Because we just flipped this carbon right here, if you flip it down, that's going to turn into a wedge. So it's tricky things I got to be like, yeah, I'm going to find out. A stands for, um, A stands for... I'm letting you know, so, like, the letter B... I couldn't see that it was a SIN, but it is. A lot of people get tripped up with it because it's a hydrogen and the OHs are going on. So if you're looking at it being SIN, make sure you're looking at the hydrogen and the OH being the same confirmation. So like, I have been this with the VH3 agent. My hydrogen is still showing bottom line. Let's just say I have some hydrogen in a wedge that my methyl... The OH then goes on a wedge. So you see how it looks like an anti but it's actually not because the hydrogen not been on. So the hydrogen and the OH did go on to the end. What I'm saying is when we're saying cinnamon, it means you added. So you added a hydrogen. Cool. So, let's go. So I asked identify what would make these products. So this was the product for the analysis. This is the answer to that because if you just want to look at it, you erase the double bond in between and you add two oxygens where that was. So there's oxygen here. You just cut the double bond in half. And there's also oxygen for where the two agents are, which is for melanitis. So those are your two products. You just cut the double bond in half. And those analysis for double bond, or for double bonds, only makes aldehydes and ketones. That's it. Or for aldehyde, which is a type of aldehyde. That's it. Aldehydes or ketones. So just make sure you know that. Those analysis will always deal with those products. Just chop the double bond in half and add oxygen. Okay, so I have this question for identified reagent. So, was it not? Thank you. So the first one, bromine goes more common hog, so it's HPR. Then the next one, bromine lead, and you form into a bond, so that's elimination. So that's going to be a strong base, so NAOMB works. And then the last one is the oxygen for OH, and bromine on the anti. Now, if you do your HPR, that always goes on the anti, so they're on different combinations. OH and NON are on the way, bromine on the dash, so that's... Oh, go, go, go, sorry. Yeah, check, check. Oh, I checked, checked. Oh, sorry. Sorry. My bad. Sorry, I'll take it. I'll answer your question at the end. Oh, we can't put the DH3 question? I'll probably answer it at the end. We are, like, moving on. Okay, so... So this one was the radio structure and triple bond. So when you use H2PT, the reaction is the same as before. You're wiping out everything. Adding on hydrogen where those things work. You do H2 and I2B. That is going to make a thin or cis double bond. I just put this in there. I don't know if this is a trend. But I2, a nickel, a two, and a B. That you see is the limnartalus. Why you see a mixture of limnars, also know that one. And then any extra glomerulates of trans. This doesn't have super trans, but had it been, you know now. So, no limnartalus would also be a nickel-2-bron or boron. And then know what limnartalus looks like. You can see this on your tag. The words limnartalus, you can figure out in this right here. So know that those organ-axis alkenes dribble bonds. And then that actually also makes cis-alkynes from the water. And then we open it and make sure that it makes trans. So it's a pretty good product. One pentime. So why I need to know it's an alpine. when it reacts to those three reagents. So H2SO4, HGSO4, H2O4, and ketone. So I said one pentine, so five carbons. So I still have my five carbons here. So one, two, three, four, five. I'll throw another pentine. Four, five, perfect. So this is the reactant for all of these, one pentine. So I kept my five carbons, that made a key. The two equivalents of HBR, instead of bromine on the more substitute twice, one of them will show you the difference between the chlorine on the no substitute once, leaving you with a double bond, because the way the reactant works is it's going to attack that hydrogen and the bond between it that's going to go into the chlorine. So you will lose that one bond. You're going to use that second bond to react again, and you're allowed to win no bond. Two equivalents of Br2 with the CCL4 light solvent. That's going to put four bromine bonds because you're putting two of Br2. So they're going to go on both sides of the way that you want them on both sides of the circle. So show that you're doing Br2 and HBr. Because remember Br2 would be cross-eyed double bond. So when you have two equivalents of Br2, you're going to have two on both sides. What else should be trans? I don't know why I do this. I'm trying to see my table. But, whatever. It should be trans. That would be what it's supposed to be. Okay. Okay, cool. So, naming back. So now I'm getting into some naming. So again, I'm just going to show you the names for all of these. So, when naming, you want to give, again, your substitution is the lowest number, but you also want to give your triple bond. So, starting from here, we can give the chlorine 2 a 3, and then the triple bond a 4. You want to start from here, which gives the triple bond a 2, and then the chlorine a 4. So, part of you have the triple bond first, while still giving the substituents a lower probability. There's a double one in each one. You want to give the lower number to the double one. Give prairie to the double one. So, for this, it's a predicate product. So, I'm just trying to shoot, so I'll do it real quick. Okay, so, NAH2 and methyls. So, NAH2 is going to deproponate that terminal. And this reactor right here, this reactor, only works on terminal alkyne. Because what NAH2 is going to do is it's going to deproponate that terminal alkyne. And then it's going to add that methyl and iodine. And then 9-ABN with H2O2 and NaOH. So now we want to combine two carbon with three carbon structure. One structure after step one and two. So now it's made of three carbon aldehyde. Make sure you count your carbon when you do the aldehyde. One, two, three carbon all high. A lot of people would have sometimes draw that out like they have to make sure, so three carbons. And then so for these, so for this one, the only time you ever make a triple bond is when you have two mediums. ...carbon or leaving groups across each other. So here we're two leaving groups on the same carbon, so we can easily make a triple bond doing excess NaOH2 without other reagents in the water. If your models cost a metal, see the... uh, which is in mild like peanut butter, but it's a good look. It acts as an NAAHT with water. Then H2O-like tablets turn that into a double line, put it in NAAHT, um, and then that's the H2O support that's gonna pop on the, or, no, that's the oxygen. So, that'll pop. The reason why I did H2O with orange is the double bond, the double bond was- We'll go ahead, we'll do all that. Yeah, keep trying to track or get a question from it. Just know that this is chapter 10. Okay, so I know what's up with this. So we see, this is something I'm not watching a little bit of time. It's like, this infuses a lot of people. So we see that OH is going on SID. So they are on the same conformation. So we know a reagent that does that is OSM4NMO. It's also another one for KMNR4 out of Parachute. But the double bond is the bond . So you have to do NAH3 to get a trans double bond. But then the OH is on the same conformation. That's a syntheionic constellation, part of the hash acronym that's used. Hash code acronym that's used. So look at the bottom structure, theon and trans, then add them on syn. But it also could have worked, if you see the reagent this way, it's also the same thing. You could have put the double bond structure of CIN, so I could have done H2L, then put the OH on trans. So then the MCPBA, sorry, then the MCPBA to put them on trans, and that is still the exact same thing as that. And that, because again, with your Carmen, The conformation changes. So notice that you could have done either one. You could have done this combination of reagents, or you could have done this combination of reagents. I know this one's easier to see and do, but if you see this on your test, this does also work. You could have done a SYN double bond or a SYN double bond, and then the reagents on the anti, and then just slipped on the prevalence. Now I'm going to try. So on here in chapter 11, which is radicals, there Right in the square, coming down from the sit. Moving up here, you can see that we are, so this is going to go down, this one we have there, and double the cage. So up here we... And then over here. I don't know if I can do that. You always have. So here we're going to start with this. use the chlorine and then we eventually put the Cl2 because the only time you use two radicals is, does that make sense? So here we're ultimately adding. Right? And now we need to add an extra. We're not going to use the CL2 and do that. Does that make sense? So that would be propagation. Now we're putting the radicals together and we're doing the determination. So once again, what's the difference between... It's endothermic because you're gaining energy, so that reacts. But that makes droning more selective. Right, and then I was like, here we can make a ball. And then for everyone. Okay, what's going on Okay, so synthesis is going to roll out really quick. I use this practice between now and all the other chapters. So, O-sodol is an alkyne. Oh, I wanted to add this to the alkyne chapter, my bad. I know we're heading out. O-sodol is an alkyne. It's going to make carbidactyl acids, always. O-sodol is double long. It's going to make double terminal alkyne. You will get one carbon dioxide. Here we have one, two, three, four garments. One, two, three, four garments. So four garments, like that. Then a carpet outside with a caramel part. So that's just part of the alkyl shock garment. Okay, so this is this. So how to make a ketone down here. Um, okay. Um, alright, so we're making a ketone. Okay, oh, another thing I want to kind of investigate real quick, I'm going to go to B. So here, we went from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 minutes to specific. Here we have 1, 2, 3, so we lost 5 minutes. And we made a carboxylic acid. So what can be carboxylic? It was all just one minute. So what can I do to this structure to get it to a triple block? Right, we are just going to put two bromides across each other. Like I said, the only time we have... ...NAMH 2.1 or 2.1, it's been during the classes. If you have two leading groups in the same department, or two leading groups across from each other. So like in NGPO 2, you get two leading groups across from each other, then you can jump into doing the excess NAMH 2, making triple bond, and then osmosis of that triple bond, which is O3, and then... So I want to put that out. Loose carbon, additive. Yeah, exactly. Okay, so C I'm going to do. Two. I'm going to do as well. Okay. So here we went from one, two, three carbons to one, two, three, four. So it will be an aldehyde. So this is a little hard. That's why I put this one on here. It's tricky to see what happened. I just added one carbon. So we know this region will help us make a double bond by doing the two. However, we didn't add two, we only added one. So what can happen here is that we need to add a... What? I knew it was perfect, but it wasn't all the same double bond. So, um, that would give us an alpha high. However, we have a triple bond here, so we need to make it a double bond. So H2 is at three, doesn't matter to me. Uh... Three and then four DMS. Ozone analysis, the double bond will help you lose that carbon and you just add one of the carbons you just added while getting the alkyl. So that's the first step and then cutting it down. So, just, uh, doesn't also have any, or, yeah, doesn't also have any, okay, cool. So, those are two of the problems that I want to go over. What? Yeah, um, yeah. You can do this one. Oh, I just made a mistake. Do it again. No, it's not. So, you can write down the problem. So, this is A. So, we made a key term. Oh yeah, yeah. So we did ketone, um, and you can count your G, you know, ketone, and your OH2 ketone. However, because this problem was taken from they went, by making this a triple bond, so again, they put some of the triple bond, and then you can do the reagent excess NAH2, and then water. Then, when you get the ketone, you can make a ketone doing, or, yeah, ketone doing the H2O. GSO4, H2SO4, water. Again, there's a medium way to do this. How do you know? No, no, no. Right. How do you know? Easy. Easy. Yeah. So now we have an easier way to do this. We could have just made this into alcohol and then turned that into a teacup. Or an N-A-2, that was an N-A-2, whatever. Alright, so... This is a suggested review, or I guess I want to review the mechanism. It's a reducing agent, so it's going to reduce the amount of alcohol. This one here. Here we're putting on hydrogen, so we're putting on carbon first. One thing I wanted to point out is that if you have, oh, oh yeah, if you have a keystone and you're doing, you have an alcohol. get a primary because we'll only have one person. Here at the Apple Car, we need them, and we're adding something. Then here are the distributions. This one is... If you have this, this would not work because this is tertiary, so it's going to be SN1. This only works if it's SN2, so you want this really to be primary. Secondary would work. Here, I guess it's just a... So here we're going to add carbon, right? Make it an alibi. Right here, it's not going to be the end of that. So we're showing the last line. It's PCC to make it back to... I just need chapter 14 to be here. It's new. Okay, so I did name it, but that kind of takes time. Yeah, so that'll be it for here. Okay, so the next one is reagents. So that's a cleave. Where that needle was, that's going to now take whatever it can use here. So we have bromine here. So that bromine is going to be iodine or chlorine. It's going to now take place where the oxygen was. So we've got bromine there. And I wanted to point out fentanyl. That would get OH. The bromine is not going to go there. Instead, it's going to make a fentanyl. See it should still be growing on water. But yeah, so notice the difference between those. Okay, cool. So, what we used to make this is a seedling. So, that's going to be a longer product. But basically what I want to point out is that you can make a box-sized scrub double bond. Notice how your ethyl and your methyl are on the same concentration. Ethyl and methyl are on the same concentration. My double bond has to be cis. I'm sorry, I used H2 linards. All of this is just to get the regular carbon. And then I used H2 linards to make a double, or a double bond. The NCPBA makes a pop size. That was from 2014. Three agents that make a pop size from a double bond. Okay, and then I would use NNA, sherry, and iodine. Okay, so pretty far. We're here at making an epoxide and opening it up with NASH. So we're opening up, this is my own product, opening up an epoxide with a strong nucleophile. It's always going to go to the acid. It's going to go for the tertiary first. If tertiary is a choice of the epoxide, it will go to the tertiary. If tertiary is not a choice, so this is a strong nucleophile, so it's going to go to the acid inside the atom. Hello. We have the peri-bate, the SH comes to the left-hand side, the OH2 is the more substituted side. And then this other French problem is we added out two carbons here. So those are where those two carbons came from on the answer. We added out these two carbons. So that's what these two carbons... Oh, I'm sorry. And so we added out those two carbons. So that's just something we already know. We mentioned that, like you said, we have some problems. We don't have enough time. I had a heart. So, yeah. And then this block is to study hard. Okay, so... I'm sorry about your computer. Yeah, I did have a problem. Take care of our stuff. I'll see you guys right now. Yeah.

Are we done? And just lift, okay? Yep. I'll just give you guys a, like, it's going to be short.

Like, I don't want to, we don't have time to give you guys a few minutes to work on it. I'll give you guys, like, okay, so the list of dark star sugar ethanol. There we go. So, um, I have those two book carriers. Um, for like, sorry.

Anybody have any questions on this? This is an incredible link to everyone. Thanks for moving in. Okay, so number two.

Determine which of the flying molecules is divot, the flying molecules is divot, and the molecular data is divot. I'll just raise them right there. So determine which one, if any. 20 seconds left.

Okay, so for these, CH4 has symmetry. So it's not going to have a radical moment. And then NH3 is because it's a lone. And CO2 is not going to have a radical moment.

So those, if something has a radical moment, So the symmetry from CH4 is going to keep it from having a deflation as a cause. And CO2 is going to flow. So the electromagnetic... I think I'm done. Okay, so let's do a quick shot.

It is, which will have the higher political. So, I gave an ether and then I gave a beautiful. Yes, the right one because of hydromon. Hydromonics has an OH group. Hydromonics creates like a force that would be used there.

You can't just hydromon with any hydrogen. There's hydrogen in the structure. Um, oh yeah, the hydrogen goes back to the oxygen. So that can make you want to just sew. So I just want to put those two things on.

Okay, let's see, we're just going to cut it. Okay, so chapter two. Okay, so I have a formal charges for all the oxygen atoms and molecules.

So this oxygen is going to have zero because it's, so the formal charges are going to be zero. It's valence electrons minus jogs minus sticks. You might know it differently with waves and jet tanks.

I like valence and sticks so you don't have to worry about thinking about where they're at. So the valence number for oxygen is 6. So for this oxygen at the top, it's going to be 6 minus 4 minus 2, because there's going to be two lump pairs, so it's 4 dots, minus 6, so there's two sticks coming off of it, two lines. So it's going to be 6 minus 4 minus 2, which is 0. This is going to be negative 1, because it's the same equation.

And then this is going to be positive, so it's going to be 6 minus 3 minus 2, and that gives a positive term. Number five. Draw the right side up. Draw the right side up.

I'll give you guys a little more time. Thank you. So, there's five things like red mistakes, so like, no bits that should be red flags for you.

Anybody know the one for letter A? Let's pause and jump right into it. Anybody know the one for letter B?

Five lines of differing electronegativity, so Cartman's gonna, or, I'll do the one with the negative, and then Jarvis will come up, or happen to pen for an orchestrated cardinal. And then even though the one color is a little bit longer. So, then I get a charge of the same one.

So, here we go. So, you can keep that. Keep writing.

The first one below the cross is different from the one on the left. And just when you're doing the right side, just don't forget, each structure, like the first one below the V, stay on each structure. That's a good way to be able to tell the difference. The same overall charge on each structure. Another thing for residents is that, just don't forget, atoms never move.

The only charges that are moving are electrons are moving. So for residents, just remember that atoms never move. So atoms never move.

Each structure has the same overall charge. Two big things. And single bonds never break. Okay, and then let her see you move it up. Okay, now last one.

And strong. Okay, CH2 to CH is a little bit longer there, and then CH2 in between. So it's going to do a 3 through 5. Okay, so chapter three.

Hey. Yes. So here's what . So if they need to do a problem like this, and you have to label the base and the .

What I like to think about is bases are going to donate their electrons, right? So right here. Cool.

So we're coming home. This will be a proton transfer, right? All this with its proton.

And now this is going to be the conjugate base. Right? Perfect. So when you're doing your conscious, who still remembers that? But so for our, that's what I, going down, so they go up on oxygen, so then we're going to go down the right.

The base of the concrete is, this has a hydrogen attached, right? Carbon is way more, so it's more of an inductive effect. I know like Andrew is picking it up.

It's more stable, right? So if this is strong, you're not going to have a strong face. So this is going to make you say, we have to. And this is going to make you say, strong, punch it out.

Remember, baby birds, anybody know it? Yes, a lower strong punch to the face and or a weak axis. We have a weak punch to the face, right? But we have, and then we have a lean axis, right?

Do you feel good about it? Okay. It's your review, so I'll take a number.

Um, okay, what do I have next? Um, oh, good thing I saw this. You guys remember the party that there's...

Yeah. Yeah. So normally when we do a negative one...

So normally, using REO, this would be more stable or stronger, but this is an exception. We're kind of looking at the same thing. But this is where it's more normal.

Yeah, this is where orals meet allos. So, good thing you mentioned that. There's one exception.

It was funny. In the book, it's like one little thing. Which one would be the most specific proton?

So, when I'm doing science and computing, what I like is if you have a strong conjugate base, right? Like if we did already, we found a strong... that comes from a strong neck.

And if you don't believe me, we can look at this. So let's say we have a base, acid, from the acid comes the base, right? So if we have a strong punch to the base, that means that this base is weak, right?

So this is strong. And this is wheat, right? So see how a strong country base comes from a strong acid, and a weak country base comes from a weak acid, right? So knowing that, knowing that here, we would be like, okay, I can use R to find the most stable... Here, using Mario, the triple one, and then the next one would be the one, because triple beats, double, double beats, and double.

What I like to do is go through using ARIA. which is also a, if you have strong body Yes, excellent. So do we agree that this would be a large sample?

And next we'll be going to, so let's do two, three, and four, right? So this is our shock-explanatory phase. So we air our, and it starts showing up. We get space.

Is it plugging? Okay. Yeah, so she's right now from her conjucting basis. If you're a strong conjucting base. So do you see how if we're breaking parents' dates into our trauma dates?

Does anybody want to do another problem? That's all I have to care for. I'm going to try to...

So... Right, so this is one, two, three, four, five. The thing I'm keeping is making sure your subject is...

And you always start over check, so I can start, and I will go... So I can do three, four, five, or one, two, three, four, five. This one, right? So we're going to go 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. This little peak, if you do have one, is always...

So we put the long tip in. I did that wrong. Yeah, I did it wrong.

I got the question. So you have this mental curtain, right? So seeing here, this is me. You did.

The radiation that's been through. The metal. The metal.

I did? Yeah. So You have to number how many carpets you have, right? So on this side it's 1, 2, 3. Then you do the dot, which is 1, 2. And then you do up here, 1. And then you count how many carpets. You have 8 carpets, and it's all single lines, so we're going to do off the team.

Don't worry, I have them paired, and I don't have to type that stuff. That was my credibility. So they can all lay down together or they can go quiet. Alrighty, so the first thing I'm going to do is find the bridgehead.

So we have to take the longest way possible, right? So it's going to be on this side because there's more garbage than on this side. And then we have to do the same switch, right?

So there's two messles over here and one messle over here. So we're going to go this side. So then all we have to do is label.

2, 2, 5, 7, tetra, methyl, 5, this one looks great, you guys probably did this back in the day, 5-encyclose. So this is 1, 2, 3, 4, right? One, two.

And since there's nothing to be, it doesn't pop the zero option. If it was drawn like this, and there was something, it would look like that. And that would be the little, that would be the little P.

Does that make sense? So it can be drawn both ways. But this one, it doesn't have it, so it's a zero. So often in the chapter we talked about the weight of the musket. So if I'm comparing something that's linear and maybe something that's branched, don't get branches like I am, which one do you think would have a higher boiling point?

The way I like to think about it, and I'm not going to talk about this, is what's in a quick-back story? A frying pan or a pot? A frying pan, right? So this is going to heat up quicker than this So this has a higher boiling point and also has a higher heat of combustion. I'm going to just leave that working.

I'll come back and start without it. Okay, raise your hand if you'd like to do any of the motions. I had a feeling it was going to be you.

Okay, so I'll show you my philosophy. Nisha also has her own machine playing on the board. So, this is where I think she is.

Okay, so with the mini-tool, I'll show you some of it. So in this puzzle, we have the arrow coming down from here. We're looking at two carbons, right?

So we're going to be looking at this front carbon and this back carbon. And we know that the name in the circle is like this. This right here is the front carbon.

That's in the front of the circle. And this back carbon is like behind the circle. So the first thing I like to do because it's kind of just like okay what's left what's right what's up what's down is I like to find out what's in plane and what I mean by in plane is not on wedge or dash because we know wedges go outside the pages and dashes go inside. So a single line going up or down is not going to go in or out of the page.

So for the piece here, we have a broken on the wedge, it's not drawn, we have a higher position on a dash, right? And then we have a mental. And this mental is going up or down. Now, in plane only goes up or down because when you go outside the page, the dash will go in. So that's how you know your front is going to be wide, right?

Sometimes it can be upside down. Why? This is...

Yeah. So this is in your methyl. So now we're standing here and a methyl is coming down and it's growing from out of the page. So if I'm standing here and I'm looking this way and a method is pointing me going down and it's rolling me out of the page, is it on my left or my right? My right.

Sorry, I'm going to be a little more. And you're not going to visualize. So you're just going to run?

Yeah. So you're going to be forever realizing. How long was I running? So, your eye is coming from the left, your group on the wedge goes to the right.

And then opposite, the eye is coming from the right, group on the wedge goes to the left, therefore the action is going to go to the right. You don't have to wait until you know left one, and then everything else is the opposite. So, eye coming from the left, group on the wedge goes to the right. And then, I don't know, I'm just going to try not to get too much of it.

So right now we were just standing here and we said the girl needs to come in out of the tape right so like it was so weird in my sessions I'd be like oh I did it And I did a person and like so many people got it. So like I know it's elementary school, but it works. So if you're sitting here, you've got the metal pointing down.

So this is coming out of cage. That's coming on this person's right. So for the back carbon, imagine you're here, right? So I always look for what's in plane. What's in plane is a metal pointing up.

and then here we have a roaming going to our right and then right here it will be a high version to our left and again that will say the same the eye is still coming to the left for me it's still on the wedge so for me it will still go to the right yes all right So now we're leaving it. Alright, so right here, if this helps, this is your circle, right? From front to back, forward. So the first thing is to find it in plane, right? So we have a mental point down here, so we know that we're going to get to y.

So we're standing here and we got a methyl going down and we got a chlorine going into the page. Is it on our left or right? Right.

Right. Okay, all righty. So now, all ready? Okay, um, stop. Um, so now we're standing there.

And what's this? That's the right, and it's pointing up. Now we have a romi going out.

So would that be on the left? I don't know if the person helps, but at least if anything it can help you imagine in the plane and out of the plane. Like if this person is in plane, this metal is with it, and this is going out of the page. So it would be on this person's left. Okay.

So that's all I have for me to practice doing so that I can do it. certain characteristics of humans about what's most stable. So, what is most stable? It's called anti.

Remember that? So let's say we've got methyl here. Methyl, hydrogen, hydrogen, and even methyl. See you, Carol.

These two are completely 100 and 80 degrees apart. Pretty much in that mystery, anything that is stable is we want them far apart, right? The transitor is stable at this because it's far apart.

So this is called anti and that is our most stable conformation. So sometimes you might have to rotate it to get to the most stable. So, um, here, this is called stagger.

It's, it's... It's not next to each other, it's staggered. I have a funny story about staggered, but I'll tell you about that one.

So, up here we have a cliff, right? So a cliff is when they're like, shifted or close to each other. So looking at here, which one do you think would be the least stable?

The middle, right? Because the two ethyls, exactly. So this is called gauch, I think it's the proper term. Gauch? I'm not sure.

Gauch interaction is with, um, they're close and interacting, right? So this would be more of a gauch than like this methyl and hydrogen, right? And here we have a methyl and ethyl, but an ethyl and ethyl is less stable than that. The bigger the group is, the less stable it will be.

So ethyls are bigger than ethyl enough. We don't want anything to be together if we want stable. That clears things up.

Tokyo B. So now we're going to talk about chairs. You guys remember your chairs? Yeah! So this is your music chair with your equatorial and your axial thrown out.

If you kind of forgot about this, I would definitely repush it. The way I like to think about it is that your axials are always pointing up or down, right? So you put your axial, axial, axial, axial, axial, axial. And the axils on the corner always point away from the chair.

The two equatorials on the end point to each other. And the one that some people forget or I feel like are most prone to forgetting is this line and this line are parallel to each other. Because I see a lot of this. And that's how we walk. I don't know if you guys still have short examples of your final, but if you have short responses, you can do that.

So if we had a dollar share of this, I already put the numbers there, but we know share of dollars are a combination of a cycle hexane, right? So I'm going to label what we're dealing with, right? So we're dealing with a methylmeramine, and we know that there's going to be one part of the model. Maybe try to stitch it out, see how much you remember, and then we'll go over the trim. So over here I do the chair right.

I personally like starting at this corner because it's not my learning start as long as you keep them consistent. So because this is carbon one, this metal is on a wedge. So this metal is on a wedge so it's pointing up. Wedges point up, dashes point down. Yeah, that's what we talked about before.

There's a lot of taxes going up. Yeah. Just make sure you put everything up. Yeah, and in hand, remember that I heard someone once say down and dash.

Because wedges point up and dashes are down. So down and dash. So since this is on a wedge, we're going to draw it up. And in this carbon position, up is axial. Because if you're looking up here, this is pointing up, this is pointing down.

Here, this is pointing up, this is pointing down. Up, down, up, down. Hope that's making sense. So carbon 2, we don't have anything, so we're going to skip it and now we're on to carbon 3, right?

So now this is going up, so we have to go all the way up, right? Okay. Demo here, axial is up in this position, that's why it would have the axial on the other hand. Thank you.

Okay, so whenever you do a chair conformation you always have to flip. So when you flip you draw it the reverse way. So whenever you draw your flip you have to remember to skip a part of it.

So see how we start here at this carbon number and now we're going down here. So this is cleaning up and whenever you, so let's say flip, you skip a carbon and then ultimately your equatorials are going to switch to axials and your axials are going to switch to equatorials. So they'll still remain up and they'll still remain down if they're down. We'll get that in there.

Up is up, down is down. That's what's going on with the other area. So this is pointing up, it's an axial, we're going to skip a carbon.

It's still pointing up and now it's an equatorial. Now we're still on carbon 3, this is pointing up an axial, so it's going to be pointing up an equatorial. Now, which one of these is going to be more stable? Up or right? Right.

You're right. I failed it. Because when I write EQ, but EQ just stands for equatorial, it's the most stable, right?

So see how these two are in axial and these two are in equatorial? You want equatorial for the most stable confirmation, right? These are confirmations.

Awesome. Okay, we're moving on to chapter five. Stereo is superimposed.

So when you talk about that in the beginning, they kind of define constitution isomers, stereo isomers. So stereo isomers, they have the same electrical connectivity, but they have a different mirror image. So, I'm going to show you what I put here.

So, I'll freeze that one. So we have stereo air. So we have an antimer.

I remember this word out of my mouth. And, um, we should, that's it, or is her next in line? Yeah.

I, they're, they're right. Is that right? I did pass English a while ago.

Okay, so, enantiomer would be everything changes, right? They have these names in the book, like the sun glasses and stuff. That kind of just confused me, so I just like to look at what you really need to know. So we have... mmm...

right? Our enantiomer, I'll go down here. So in an antler everything switches. All the dashes go into wedges and all the wedges go into dashes. But with your diastereomar, a diastereomar could be this.

Which you would use this. But do you see my point though? Is that this one stays, but this one changes? Just like one, but not all of the chains die here.

Yeah, just one needs to stay the same for it to be a vector. Or things do not remember to go. They're going to sit on top of each other now. I'll get fired for two inches.

Okay. I mean, that's a different time. Okay. So, another thing we talked about here is this versus tram, which is also called E and Z. This, when you're comparing proxmox to double bond, you would look at the...

Oh, this is my problem here? Okay. Well, probably it's going to be not so regardless. So we're going to look at this and this. They're on the same side of a yellow wand, so that means that it's cis or aka E.

Just kidding, E. And the way that I remember that is the same side. Did I?

No. I unfortunately thought about it on my own. If we had this, it would be trans, which is also called P, right?

Now what if I had, what would this one be? It would be meter. I remember when I first took this class and I was like, wait, why is the size a meter?

Like, you know, I'm getting kind of confused. You can't compare it if it's on the same carbon. So, remember, we're comparing stuff across a double bond, so they're on separate carbons.

If it's on the same carbon, you can't compare it, so it's a meter, right? These are the two ones we're comparing today, the highest atomic number. So, it's a meter. Cool.

The next thing we found at the fire was pyro centers, which everybody loves. So real quick, this should be a review, but there's just some reminders I want to make. So doing pyro centers, you need four different bonds.

So the only one we have here is in the sky. So you have to prioritize. So the ones with the higher atomic number. This would be 1, this would be 4, this would be 2, and this would be 3. Chlorine, wind, then oxygen, then carbon, then hydrogen. So then this would be R, right?

Because it's going clockwise. But because this hybride is on wedge, your fourth priority, your lowest priority always wants to be on a dash. So you have to flip it.

So the answer is going to be F. If this is on your test, don't write R, R over S. No, just write all your S.

Because I don't want it to be like, oh, you wrote low time and you did well. Yeah. Just like if you're done with races.

I have all the errors just to help with you. Okay, yeah. Just like make sure they know your answer is F.

Yeah. Alrighty. We'll do one more because I want to make a good concept point. Okay. So doing the same thing, this is going to be our one viral center.

This one's going to be one because it has an oxygen, and I'm doing this OEC4. So then we're here. Okay, there's two carbons. See, I can jump out, right?

Here's a carbon, and here's a carbon, right? So here we have carbon, carbon, right? And one hydrogen. And here we have carbon, carbon, two hydrogens, right? So the one hydrogen, this one carbon, the one hydrogen is going to be the one with two hydrogens.

Because you might think, well, this one should win because this one has another carbon. Finish this guy first. And this has one hiding minute and this one has three.

So this is going to be two, this is going to be three. Oh yeah, I thought we should do that one. So then this goes like this.

This is S. We're not going to flip it because it's on a dash. So that's a different answer.

Okay, I'm not sure I got that. Alright, real quick. I know everyone on PC is, um, there's a big rotation, right? So, if you get a formula like this, um, this is the formula.

To be honest, I don't really like memorizing the formula because I'm just thinking about it. But reading this, it says, okay, when we have point-based decrease, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, 10-millimeter water, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, that's observed rotation. So your observed goes on the top, okay? Because this is equaling specific rotation.

If they give you an upon, they say specific rotation, you have to... Okay, so this is the observed that's going to go on the top. And then C stands for concentration, right?

Or you can say, wait, wait, wait, this is 0.3. Why do you do this? Because it's grams over millimeters, right? So if you divide that, you get this, okay?

And then you do times decimeters. If you have a hard time with this configuration, you're not really going to spend a lot of time, but the one thing that helped me was gaining kind of a good guide for getting a chocolate milk. Right?

So then this is centimeters, this is millimeters, this is, this will be deci, this will be deca, right? So we're at centimeters, we have to do decimeters, we're going to move it over, right? So it's 10, so it turns into this thing, I don't know what I'm doing.

Yeah. Sit down for a while and let your head wrap around it. And then that. Just remember, observers on top. So then the next one, we have the land here.

And then here at this, so we have observer over here, right? So it all might look like this. It's a big rotation. So it's telling you it's 39 and then it found the mixture of absinthe syrup.

You have to look for the keywords. This is in the book so if you can't jot it down in time, just put like observe over here. For the saving time.

Ummm... Alright. The answer is right there. We don't want to let go of the energy changes every time.

Yes, it's a bit hard. So if you want to do RNS, we've talked about that before. MISO has plane symmetry, friction perfection, and not that sentiment. Remember that these are on wedges. I've written them up so when you fill them in, it kind of looks like a bow tie.

So every time you do a fish reduction, you have to flip it because usually you will have hydrogen here and you're going to have to flip it because it's not going to be on the dash, right? So just go around and do like this. Two, three, four. And then we'll flip the bar.

One thing I want to point out right here is that this is miso, which it might not look like it, but all single bonds can rotate, right? So if you rotate this one, sorry, I'm going to do another one, but when you flip it up, you switch the sign. So if you were to move this down, it would become a dash, and then that... So notice that it fits and see how there's two metals so it's symmetrical.

Okay? All right. Nisha?

Okay, so if you look through chapter six, there's a little bit of like thermodynamic here. Okay, so which delta G would correspond to the key? K, the people in the left are one.

So, I don't know if you guys remember, but if KQ is less than 1, WG is going to be non-summit. So, WG is non-summit, it's going to be positive, so it's going to be letter A. So, if KQ is greater than 1, then it's going to be a negative WG, which will give you a non-summit direction. Equal to one, B would be your answer. Um, okay, so my next question is delta S of the system.

So delta S, it's talking about entry. S likes more disorder. Um, it likes a lot more things or less things. That's a good way to like think of it.

Broken up things, better than just like one thing together. It likes disorder. So for these ones, um, it's asking delta S, it's gonna be negative or zero.

So it's positive that the disorder is increasing, you have your products are more. Another way is like... Okay, so for A, you've got two products and you've got one reactant, so it's going to be an increase in disorder.

So delta S is going to be positive. For the cyclic, A-cyclic one, more disorder means like not all. So you can see the reactants not as orderly as the product.

like the paint sticking out, it's not as compact. So the disorder in the product is actually, the product is more orderly. Okay, so now I'll move on to air cushion pattern because that's like the gold, or like, no the gold truck sticks.

I think that's what I'm gonna go next, yes. So, yeah, I'll look through this and we can move on to like. This you actually approach that now. So identify the air pushing pattern used.

So yeah, like I said, you actually approach that. I'll give you guys a... Okay, so what's the first one? Right, and what's like the general answer?

She said metal shift, by the way. What's the carbocation? Free, oh right, exactly.

What is another kind of carbocation? Okay, and then notice the positive charge will move. If you just gave that carbon that was missing one, you just gave it another bar.

So the positive charge can move to the one that just lost the bar. Like I said, metal shift and hydration. So for this one, what's the other? Okay, so A and B.

A was like the carbocation arrangement, and then, I don't know why I said yes after that. B is the proton transfer. And then just note stability.

So primary carbocation is worse than the second. So just so we know what I'm talking about, I did think for the reactant for A, the one on the left. Secondary tertiary. Secondary, exactly. What's the one on the right?

Tertiary. Tertiary is always more stable, so that's why that rearrangement happened, because that molecule is trying to get to a more stable place. So, like I said, primary versus secondary versus tertiary. There's also this air pressure pattern, nucleophilic acid.

So nucleophilic acid, if you have trouble knowing what it is, you're usually adding something. You're adding whatever the nucleophilic acid is. So if you see something on the left side here and it gains a big group, now check out my example of a proton transfer, but it gains like a large group, then it probably isn't going to feel like it's going to happen, whereas a loss of the group is the opposite.

You're going to lose the group. So this is a good way to identify what's happening. For the transfer, I'm going to lose the group.

Oh, okay, so here's the file. So we're going to use the terminology. Nucleophile means nucleus loving. So it's actually negative.

People think nucleo, oh it's a new positive. But it's negative because it loves positive things. So things like little pairs, pi bonds, there's a lot of electrons.

That's going to be more of a nucleophile. That's what's going to be doing the attacking. And then electrophiles are electron loving. So they're positive things that are okay.

So a common thing that you guys see all the time in forego is this reaction right here. This guy is not being... Now you guys know the meaning behind it.

Well, if you didn't know the meaning behind it, you still do. Is this carbon right here has a partial positive charge. Like we said, we're talking about resonance. This is different in carbon-electron activities. So that was negative.

So which one here is going to be the nuclear-fault, which is the electron-fault here? Hmm? Oh wait, she's a nucleophile. It's a guy attacking.

And now I know it's confusing because at 5-1 we're usually going to be nucleophiles, but you just have to be careful because there's more negative ones a little bit. This is more of a nucleophile, this is more of an electrophile, because it's getting that partial positive because oxygen is drawing out the electrons. You guys do this reaction all the time.

Um, so that's the nucleophile here, this is the example, this is the electrophile. And then like I said, you gain a group usually. Well, sometimes they're asking, it should just be the carbon on the product, not the entire molecule.

It's like a question of order. You don't have a choice. You create your own molecule, but it should be like the entire carbon. And you're like, or like, you're putting it on the edge.

The other two arrow patterns you see. Okay, so I'm going to get the sheet over. Okay, so now draw the curved arrows for this.

And then I'm almost drawing the line. So, wait. So take a picture of your products.

Take a picture of this. So the first step was proton transfer. Then the next was an attack.

Then another proton transfer. Then we're going to do 7 and 8. Okay, so S-N-1- Three birds tertiary, we know a bimethylar unit. What is it?

Rate equals, and there's like a subunit K. Sub means substrate, and substrate also means electrophile, right? So they love having questions of like, do you have an SN2 reaction, and we triple the amount of the nucleophile. Would the reaction triple? No.

Because here, doubling is the double rate. Doubling is inversion. I felt like this was the same.

It's a mystery dish. The graphs just represent, since this is conservative, it happens in one step. And since this is stepwise, each little, so if it's five steps long, it's going to happen in eight, and these are calling it. So, since technically both can do secondary, the next can do macro.

Polar protic into legs polar apes. So what polar protic means is that this is hydrogen bonding, right? And you should mention before the way I like to memorize it.

Fun! Okay. See how here we got the this, we got this, and then we got this, right?

So if you see the solvents, think SM1. If you see solvents over here, it wouldn't have hydrogen bonding. So if they threw like some complicated thing, there's no hydrogen bonding, think SM2.

Awesome! So we'll look at this one. So it's a substitution reaction.

So what did he ask the vet for a view? So to call the mechanism real quick, we know that it is O-H-O-D-E-N-G-E-R-D. We've got to pronate it.

Give us this. So that would turn this into water. But there's a positive charge, right?

Because it lost one of its own pairs. And now we have this eye over here that's now completely negative. So it's going to come in and attack. Pop. And that's going to be your answer.

Okay. Just remember that with essay one, because it's going to be the ratio is conservative, so you're not. So if you had a, even for multiple choice, mentally do, and I don't want to say mentally because I like to say mentally. Okay, when you're doing it, this is the hashtag for car recovery.

And they were testing the concept, so I would know that. Next, going down to this one, it's going to be the same thing, right? We have tertiary.

This is polar prohibitive, right? So then we get constitution. Then we have...

So this is the SM1 or SM2? SM2, right, because it's primary. And water is on the leaving group and inserted, right? So this guy up here converts into OTS to make it into the leaving group, right?

And then we got this. So whenever you have a sodium that makes any losses, that makes it negative. So we're going to have negative cyanide that's going to come in, attack. O-ease, this is like a new football, O-ease impacts the carbon.

Okay, do you guys want more practice? Because that's literally all I have to know. Do you feel good about that?

So, for Chapter 8, you know I got here. I do not know what I'm going to do. Okay, well we know that, um, S.E. 2 is concerted, right?

It's kind of, um, similar to the last. So, and we also know that this may be the... And this is just going to be the substrate.

Right. So, the way I like to think about it, what I really like is the chart. If you have... I didn't think you were going to say this. EAT ONE only happens if you have her shirt, weak face, and um...

Here we go. Okay, so we're not going to write the setback as an issue. So if you have only a base, it is going to be just E2. Alright, so that's going to be your number. And then going down, so here it's got a weak base and a weak middle file.

The way I like to differentiate between a strong middle file base and a weak middle file base is when you have strong, you're going to have a negative charge on the top. If it's weak, it does have a charge. If you have a primary, you know that that's SN2, right? If you have a secondary, this isn't even fashionable because it's an elementary.

So even then, SN1 is a dayward over E1. The cleaning is literally three conditions. It needs to be a week, three months, and a week.

And if that is rough, I would definitely go over the book. It's page three. Moving on, what am I going to do here?

This is just a mechanism of how it works. So whatever your leading group is attached to is called alpha. And with bases, we always attach beta group bonds. So we have a new component.

Right? This can be a nuchal clot of the face. It is strong because we know that this is a closet.

So we're going to have this arrow is going down here and then our next arrow is taking it off. This is going to be in our double clot. With E2 and the predicate E1, we have, well this would still be E2, right?

We got strong. This is going to be a negative R group. You can get two products, Zycep and Hoffman. Zycep is the most substituted.

See how this is priced versus, is it Zycep or Biotic? It's going to be Biotic substituted, I believe. It just has two things that match with that black one. So for this one, those are the areas that are making sense. This is beta, this is beta, this is beta, right?

So it's going to attack beta. It'll make a double bond and pop. So that's going to be this one, right? And for the other one...

Right, so this is alpha, this is the beta, right? So we can attack this proton. And then this goes underneath me.

So it's there, and this goes there, and that goes to the top. Does that make sense? That's Hoffman. The only time range, this vapor, and if you substitute it, you've got a whole few vapors.

Okay, vapor is Hoffman. Um, usually there's two keys. So there's one really important example I want to end it with.

When you're doing elimination and noticing. So this would be an example. So we see that our leading group is here, right?

So this is alpha and orange. Right? So this hydrogen here is alpha. Then here we got data and we only have one proton, right? So when you have a proton, this is when you need one.

Alright, super quick. I didn't know how to do the answer. So, at least if anything we're getting like people with subtypes.

So, what I would really quickly is... This is the phenyl, pH, and the methyl. This is, it claims to be the bromine. So this is the hydrogen we're doing. If you were to do it anymore, I mean, you could just draw all of the air.

If you notice how we... Who is? Anybody?

These, you won't put one down. These right pins are on the same side as the point. So you can't just carry it in. Oh, I just wanted to throw it in there. Um, oh, I...

And here we have three beta protons, right? So because you have one beta here, I drew it out behind the rock. And then when you draw it from the new, it has metal, so they're sharing your carbon. Brace to go over here.

Yeah. And then right here, we saw that this was going to be our major, right? But we still have beta protons here, so that would be our minor. So in this case, there was no two products. Let's do it.

Okay, so this is what I'm going to do in here. Okay, so check that. Chapter 9 is when we start getting into reagents.

So, alright, so I have a bunch of problems in my process, so I set predictive major products for each. So when you do chapter 9, something I want to point out, everything you should be asking yourself in your head. And chapter 10...

and like those kind of religions are, well, what does it mean? If it's anti-sin, so as the two groups that you just added, they're going on the same confirmation or different, they're going on the same confirmation like they're both wedges or they're both dashes of sin. They're going on the same confirmation on differently that's anti different grades some regions go thin some regions go anti so know that and also know if it um puts down some more common or anti-reproxy so if you're putting on your group in the most substitute position it's more popular because i'm the least substitute position anti-reproxy all of chapter nine has to do with double bonds like those kind of reagents in addition to just breaking the little one and adding stuff so when you're breaking the double So one, I think about if you're going to I'm a student at Antietam. I'm going to be a student or a student.

I know that I have some tricky questions about my multiple choice test for my people that are tricky on that. So, we can go in about what you're used to doing what. Okay, so there's a problem. Write it down. Take pictures of them all.

Okay. Okay, so here is my question. Okay, so here is the anticoagulant.

So H2PT puts the hydrogens on the same confirmation. The last time you see it, it is not pyrolytic. I want to show this problem specifically because this happens to be METO.

So I wanted to show you that the hydrogens do go on the same confirmation. It is a similar agent. TH3 with THF, that was anti-mercantile, that was a relief, so OH1 on the least of the two sides.

And then, uh, these are from CPBA, um, that put them on trans across the level 1, and they're showing the mega mils, like, stand 7-4. If the carbon flips, so let's say this is your answer choice, notice how this could have been the answer, but it's not going to be right. Because we just flipped this carbon right here, if you flip it down, that's going to turn into a wedge. So it's tricky things I got to be like, yeah, I'm going to find out.

A stands for, um, A stands for... I'm letting you know, so, like, the letter B... I couldn't see that it was a SIN, but it is.

A lot of people get tripped up with it because it's a hydrogen and the OHs are going on. So if you're looking at it being SIN, make sure you're looking at the hydrogen and the OH being the same confirmation. So like, I have been this with the VH3 agent.

My hydrogen is still showing bottom line. Let's just say I have some hydrogen in a wedge that my methyl... The OH then goes on a wedge. So you see how it looks like an anti but it's actually not because the hydrogen not been on.

So the hydrogen and the OH did go on to the end. What I'm saying is when we're saying cinnamon, it means you added. So you added a hydrogen. Cool. So, let's go.

So I asked identify what would make these products. So this was the product for the analysis. This is the answer to that because if you just want to look at it, you erase the double bond in between and you add two oxygens where that was. So there's oxygen here.

You just cut the double bond in half. And there's also oxygen for where the two agents are, which is for melanitis. So those are your two products.

You just cut the double bond in half. And those analysis for double bond, or for double bonds, only makes aldehydes and ketones. That's it.

Or for aldehyde, which is a type of aldehyde. That's it. Aldehydes or ketones. So just make sure you know that.

Those analysis will always deal with those products. Just chop the double bond in half and add oxygen. Okay, so I have this question for identified reagent. So, was it not? Thank you.

So the first one, bromine goes more common hog, so it's HPR. Then the next one, bromine lead, and you form into a bond, so that's elimination. So that's going to be a strong base, so NAOMB works. And then the last one is the oxygen for OH, and bromine on the anti. Now, if you do your HPR, that always goes on the anti, so they're on different combinations.

OH and NON are on the way, bromine on the dash, so that's... Oh, go, go, go, sorry. Yeah, check, check. Oh, I checked, checked.

Oh, sorry. Sorry. My bad. Sorry, I'll take it.

I'll answer your question at the end. Oh, we can't put the DH3 question? I'll probably answer it at the end.

We are, like, moving on. Okay, so... So this one was the radio structure and triple bond.

So when you use H2PT, the reaction is the same as before. You're wiping out everything. Adding on hydrogen where those things work.

You do H2 and I2B. That is going to make a thin or cis double bond. I just put this in there. I don't know if this is a trend.

But I2, a nickel, a two, and a B. That you see is the limnartalus. Why you see a mixture of limnars, also know that one.

And then any extra glomerulates of trans. This doesn't have super trans, but had it been, you know now. So, no limnartalus would also be a nickel-2-bron or boron.

And then know what limnartalus looks like. You can see this on your tag. The words limnartalus, you can figure out in this right here.

So know that those organ-axis alkenes dribble bonds. And then that actually also makes cis-alkynes from the water. And then we open it and make sure that it makes trans. So it's a pretty good product. One pentime.

So why I need to know it's an alpine. when it reacts to those three reagents. So H2SO4, HGSO4, H2O4, and ketone.

So I said one pentine, so five carbons. So I still have my five carbons here. So one, two, three, four, five. I'll throw another pentine.

Four, five, perfect. So this is the reactant for all of these, one pentine. So I kept my five carbons, that made a key. The two equivalents of HBR, instead of bromine on the more substitute twice, one of them will show you the difference between the chlorine on the no substitute once, leaving you with a double bond, because the way the reactant works is it's going to attack that hydrogen and the bond between it that's going to go into the chlorine.

So you will lose that one bond. You're going to use that second bond to react again, and you're allowed to win no bond. Two equivalents of Br2 with the CCL4 light solvent.

That's going to put four bromine bonds because you're putting two of Br2. So they're going to go on both sides of the way that you want them on both sides of the circle. So show that you're doing Br2 and HBr.

Because remember Br2 would be cross-eyed double bond. So when you have two equivalents of Br2, you're going to have two on both sides. What else should be trans?

I don't know why I do this. I'm trying to see my table. But, whatever.

It should be trans. That would be what it's supposed to be. Okay. Okay, cool. So, naming back.

So now I'm getting into some naming. So again, I'm just going to show you the names for all of these. So, when naming, you want to give, again, your substitution is the lowest number, but you also want to give your triple bond. So, starting from here, we can give the chlorine 2 a 3, and then the triple bond a 4. You want to start from here, which gives the triple bond a 2, and then the chlorine a 4. So, part of you have the triple bond first, while still giving the substituents a lower probability. There's a double one in each one.

You want to give the lower number to the double one. Give prairie to the double one. So, for this, it's a predicate product.

So, I'm just trying to shoot, so I'll do it real quick. Okay, so, NAH2 and methyls. So, NAH2 is going to deproponate that terminal. And this reactor right here, this reactor, only works on terminal alkyne.

Because what NAH2 is going to do is it's going to deproponate that terminal alkyne. And then it's going to add that methyl and iodine. And then 9-ABN with H2O2 and NaOH.

So now we want to combine two carbon with three carbon structure. One structure after step one and two. So now it's made of three carbon aldehyde. Make sure you count your carbon when you do the aldehyde.

One, two, three carbon all high. A lot of people would have sometimes draw that out like they have to make sure, so three carbons. And then so for these, so for this one, the only time you ever make a triple bond is when you have two mediums.

...carbon or leaving groups across each other. So here we're two leaving groups on the same carbon, so we can easily make a triple bond doing excess NaOH2 without other reagents in the water. If your models cost a metal, see the...

uh, which is in mild like peanut butter, but it's a good look. It acts as an NAAHT with water. Then H2O-like tablets turn that into a double line, put it in NAAHT, um, and then that's the H2O support that's gonna pop on the, or, no, that's the oxygen. So, that'll pop. The reason why I did H2O with orange is the double bond, the double bond was- We'll go ahead, we'll do all that.

Yeah, keep trying to track or get a question from it. Just know that this is chapter 10. Okay, so I know what's up with this. So we see, this is something I'm not watching a little bit of time.

It's like, this infuses a lot of people. So we see that OH is going on SID. So they are on the same conformation.

So we know a reagent that does that is OSM4NMO. It's also another one for KMNR4 out of Parachute. But the double bond is the bond .

So you have to do NAH3 to get a trans double bond. But then the OH is on the same conformation. That's a syntheionic constellation, part of the hash acronym that's used.

Hash code acronym that's used. So look at the bottom structure, theon and trans, then add them on syn. But it also could have worked, if you see the reagent this way, it's also the same thing.

You could have put the double bond structure of CIN, so I could have done H2L, then put the OH on trans. So then the MCPBA, sorry, then the MCPBA to put them on trans, and that is still the exact same thing as that. And that, because again, with your Carmen, The conformation changes.

So notice that you could have done either one. You could have done this combination of reagents, or you could have done this combination of reagents. I know this one's easier to see and do, but if you see this on your test, this does also work. You could have done a SYN double bond or a SYN double bond, and then the reagents on the anti, and then just slipped on the prevalence.

Now I'm going to try. So on here in chapter 11, which is radicals, there Right in the square, coming down from the sit. Moving up here, you can see that we are, so this is going to go down, this one we have there, and double the cage.

So up here we... And then over here. I don't know if I can do that.

You always have. So here we're going to start with this. use the chlorine and then we eventually put the Cl2 because the only time you use two radicals is, does that make sense?

So here we're ultimately adding. Right? And now we need to add an extra.

We're not going to use the CL2 and do that. Does that make sense? So that would be propagation.

Now we're putting the radicals together and we're doing the determination. So once again, what's the difference between... It's endothermic because you're gaining energy, so that reacts. But that makes droning more selective. Right, and then I was like, here we can make a ball.

And then for everyone. Okay, what's going on Okay, so synthesis is going to roll out really quick. I use this practice between now and all the other chapters.

So, O-sodol is an alkyne. Oh, I wanted to add this to the alkyne chapter, my bad. I know we're heading out. O-sodol is an alkyne. It's going to make carbidactyl acids, always.

O-sodol is double long. It's going to make double terminal alkyne. You will get one carbon dioxide. Here we have one, two, three, four garments. One, two, three, four garments.

So four garments, like that. Then a carpet outside with a caramel part. So that's just part of the alkyl shock garment.

Okay, so this is this. So how to make a ketone down here. Um, okay. Um, alright, so we're making a ketone. Okay, oh, another thing I want to kind of investigate real quick, I'm going to go to B.

So here, we went from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 minutes to specific. Here we have 1, 2, 3, so we lost 5 minutes. And we made a carboxylic acid.

So what can be carboxylic? It was all just one minute. So what can I do to this structure to get it to a triple block?

Right, we are just going to put two bromides across each other. Like I said, the only time we have... ...NAMH 2.1 or 2.1, it's been during the classes. If you have two leading groups in the same department, or two leading groups across from each other.

So like in NGPO 2, you get two leading groups across from each other, then you can jump into doing the excess NAMH 2, making triple bond, and then osmosis of that triple bond, which is O3, and then... So I want to put that out. Loose carbon, additive. Yeah, exactly. Okay, so C I'm going to do.

Two. I'm going to do as well. Okay. So here we went from one, two, three carbons to one, two, three, four.

So it will be an aldehyde. So this is a little hard. That's why I put this one on here.

It's tricky to see what happened. I just added one carbon. So we know this region will help us make a double bond by doing the two. However, we didn't add two, we only added one. So what can happen here is that we need to add a...

What? I knew it was perfect, but it wasn't all the same double bond. So, um, that would give us an alpha high.

However, we have a triple bond here, so we need to make it a double bond. So H2 is at three, doesn't matter to me. Uh... Three and then four DMS.

Ozone analysis, the double bond will help you lose that carbon and you just add one of the carbons you just added while getting the alkyl. So that's the first step and then cutting it down. So, just, uh, doesn't also have any, or, yeah, doesn't also have any, okay, cool. So, those are two of the problems that I want to go over.

What? Yeah, um, yeah. You can do this one. Oh, I just made a mistake. Do it again.

No, it's not. So, you can write down the problem. So, this is A.

So, we made a key term. Oh yeah, yeah. So we did ketone, um, and you can count your G, you know, ketone, and your OH2 ketone. However, because this problem was taken from they went, by making this a triple bond, so again, they put some of the triple bond, and then you can do the reagent excess NAH2, and then water. Then, when you get the ketone, you can make a ketone doing, or, yeah, ketone doing the H2O.

GSO4, H2SO4, water. Again, there's a medium way to do this. How do you know?

No, no, no. Right. How do you know? Easy. Easy.

Yeah. So now we have an easier way to do this. We could have just made this into alcohol and then turned that into a teacup.

Or an N-A-2, that was an N-A-2, whatever. Alright, so... This is a suggested review, or I guess I want to review the mechanism.

It's a reducing agent, so it's going to reduce the amount of alcohol. This one here. Here we're putting on hydrogen, so we're putting on carbon first. One thing I wanted to point out is that if you have, oh, oh yeah, if you have a keystone and you're doing, you have an alcohol.

get a primary because we'll only have one person. Here at the Apple Car, we need them, and we're adding something. Then here are the distributions.

This one is... If you have this, this would not work because this is tertiary, so it's going to be SN1. This only works if it's SN2, so you want this really to be primary.

Secondary would work. Here, I guess it's just a... So here we're going to add carbon, right?

Make it an alibi. Right here, it's not going to be the end of that. So we're showing the last line.

It's PCC to make it back to... I just need chapter 14 to be here. It's new.

Okay, so I did name it, but that kind of takes time. Yeah, so that'll be it for here. Okay, so the next one is reagents. So that's a cleave. Where that needle was, that's going to now take whatever it can use here.

So we have bromine here. So that bromine is going to be iodine or chlorine. It's going to now take place where the oxygen was.

So we've got bromine there. And I wanted to point out fentanyl. That would get OH.

The bromine is not going to go there. Instead, it's going to make a fentanyl. See it should still be growing on water. But yeah, so notice the difference between those.

Okay, cool. So, what we used to make this is a seedling. So, that's going to be a longer product.

But basically what I want to point out is that you can make a box-sized scrub double bond. Notice how your ethyl and your methyl are on the same concentration. Ethyl and methyl are on the same concentration. My double bond has to be cis.

I'm sorry, I used H2 linards. All of this is just to get the regular carbon. And then I used H2 linards to make a double, or a double bond.

The NCPBA makes a pop size. That was from 2014. Three agents that make a pop size from a double bond. Okay, and then I would use NNA, sherry, and iodine. Okay, so pretty far. We're here at making an epoxide and opening it up with NASH.

So we're opening up, this is my own product, opening up an epoxide with a strong nucleophile. It's always going to go to the acid. It's going to go for the tertiary first. If tertiary is a choice of the epoxide, it will go to the tertiary. If tertiary is not a choice, so this is a strong nucleophile, so it's going to go to the acid inside the atom.

Hello. We have the peri-bate, the SH comes to the left-hand side, the OH2 is the more substituted side. And then this other French problem is we added out two carbons here.

So those are where those two carbons came from on the answer. We added out these two carbons. So that's what these two carbons...

Oh, I'm sorry. And so we added out those two carbons. So that's just something we already know.

We mentioned that, like you said, we have some problems. We don't have enough time. I had a heart. So, yeah.

And then this block is to study hard. Okay, so... I'm sorry about your computer.

Yeah, I did have a problem. Take care of our stuff. I'll see you guys right now. Yeah.

Transcript for:Organic Chemistry Key Concepts

Transcript for:
Organic Chemistry Key Concepts