Overview
This lecture discusses the causes, events, and consequences of Shays' Rebellion, emphasizing how it exposed weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and led to calls for a stronger federal government.
Causes of Shays' Rebellion
- After the Revolutionary War, American states were in debt and raised taxes to recover funds.
- High taxes angered poor farmers and war veterans who could not afford the payments.
- Legislative efforts to collect taxes and imprison debtors increased public resentment.
Events of Shays' Rebellion
- Daniel Shays, a former Continental Army captain, led a protest starting in the summer of 1786.
- Thousands of Shays' followers prevented tax collection and used force to keep debtors out of prison.
- The rebels attempted to seize weapons in Springfield to pressure the legislature to change laws.
- The Massachusetts legislature lacked power to respond effectively due to the disbanded Continental Army and lack of federal funds.
Suppression and Immediate Consequences
- Wealthy Boston merchants funded a militia of over 4,000 men to confront the rebels.
- The militia dispersed Shays and his followers, forcing them to flee.
- Eventually, Shays and his troops were pardoned, and Massachusetts offered tax and debt relief.
National Impact and Legacy
- Shays' Rebellion exposed the Articles of Confederation's weakness: Congress could not raise or fund an army.
- The conflict convinced many, including Washington and Hamilton, of the need for a stronger federal government.
- The rebellion was a catalyst for drafting the U.S. Constitution.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Articles of Confederation — the original U.S. national government framework, which limited federal power.
- Shays' Rebellion — an armed uprising in 1786-87 by Massachusetts farmers against economic injustices.
- Militia — a locally organized military force, in this case funded by Boston merchants.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the Articles of Confederation to understand its limitations.
- Read about the Constitutional Convention and the creation of the U.S. Constitution.