foreign [Music] students and instructors my name is Nate with Wi-Fi CFI here to give you our quick tip of the week the four types of hypoxia now this is gonna be a really quick video we're going to talk really quickly about what hypoxia is and then the four different subtypes of hypoxia what we see as instructors a lot of times is students can kind of understand hypoxia and they can have rote memorization of what the four different types are but they don't really understand it so we're going to try to break those four different types down make them very easy to understand and to remember so that you can apply it in your flying and on your test guaranteed you're going to have questions about these different types of hypoxia on both your FAA written test and or your check rides guaranteed they will be there so let's break them down let's make them simple let's make it quick so hypoxia what is it hypoxia means reduced oxygen or not enough oxygen if the brain is subjected to oxygen deprivation it will affect a pilot's decision-making processes and that can lead to life-threatening errors in judgment so hypoxia pretty simple to understand we're just not getting enough oxygen we're now going to break down the four different types or the four different ways that you cannot get enough oxygen or the four different reasons your body or your brain is not getting those oxygen molecules that it needs the first one is called hypoxic hypoxia this is caused by a decrease in partial pressure when flying at higher altitudes basically when you're flying at lower altitudes the air is more dense right as we know that and so all the oxygen molecules are closer together when you're down at sea level you take your breath you're breathing in more oxygen molecules but when you go higher in the atmosphere the air is less than so all those oxygen molecules are spread further apart hence when you take a breath you're not getting as much oxygen into your lungs right you take a breath not as many oxygen molecules are getting into your lungs because the oxygen molecules are further apart because there is less pressure at altitude that's why when we're flying up at altitude we have certain rules and regulations that we need to follow as far as wearing an oxygen mask or using some kind of supplemental oxygen and that is so that we are getting enough oxygen molecules at those higher altitudes that's the first one hypoxic hypoxia the second one is called hypermic hypoxia now hypemic hypoxia occurs when the blood cells in the body are unable to take up and transport oxygen molecules so there's plenty of oxygen molecules in the environment around you maybe you're down at sea level all right you've got plenty of oxygen molecules in the environment around you so when you breathe in you're getting a whole bunch into your lungs but for some reason when the oxygen molecules are going into your lungs they are not then attaching themselves to your blood cells to be transported throughout your body the most common cause of that that you're going to see with flying is going to be carbon monoxide poisoning because carbon monoxide attaches itself to your blood cells 200 times faster than oxygen so if you have an exhaust leak in the cockpit you got your heater on you've got some kind of exhaust shroud leak and you're getting some of that exhaust into the cockpit you can be getting carbon monoxide poisoning and that carbon monoxide is attaching itself to your blood cells and it's blocking oxygen from attaching to your blood cells so even if you were at a low altitude you're flying around at 2000 feet above sea level you've got plenty of oxygen molecules around you they're not attaching themselves to your blood cells because carbon monoxide is taking their spot so oxygen is not being transported around the body the third one histotoxic hypoxia this occurs when the brain rejects the oxygen oxygen molecule sorry that are being delivered to it by the bloodstream again let's go back to the very beginning we have plenty of oxygen molecules around us we're breathing them in they are attaching to our blood cells just fine they're being transported throughout our body just fine but when they get to our brain our brain is rejecting the brain's like I don't want it the brain is blocking the blood cells from delivering oxygen to it and that is our histo toxic hypoxia you can think of toxic the most common cause of histotoxic hypoxia is alcohol and drugs that's why when you do alcohol and drugs they call it getting high because it's essentially like hypoxia right you're being at a higher altitude it feels like you're at a high altitude where your brain is not getting a lot of oxygen so even though you're at a lower altitude they call it getting high because it's hypoxia right your brain is rejecting those oxygen molecules again it's most commonly going to be caused by alcohol and drugs and the last one the fourth and final type of hypoxia is called stagnant hypoxia this occurs when the blood is not flowing there's plenty of oxygen molecules around us we are breathing them in just fine they're attaching to our blood cells just fine but they the blood cannot get up to the brain for some reason there's for some reason your blood can't flow up to the brain now what would cause that in flying the most common cause is going to be g-forces now if you're flying with Cessna 172 or a piper or something you're going through flight school you're probably not going to have this problem but if you start to fly something you know much faster or you're in a you know a fighter jet or whatever and you're pulling these extreme g-forces these really high g-forces it can prevent blood from getting up to your brain blood will as you can see on the slide pool in your lower extremities your heart will not be strong enough to pump it up to your brain because of those g-forces so all the oxygen molecules are down here at your feet and if that happens you're going to get hypoxic because we're not getting this oxygen-rich Blood delivering that oxygen to your brain and those are the four different types of hypoxia simple right keep them straight forward kind of keep them organized in that manner couple other things we're gonna go over and then we'll be done with the video are some of the symptoms of the hypoxia so if you are getting hypoxia what are you going to feel you've got uh peripheral cyanosis this is kind of what it looks like where your fingertips or lips kind of start to turn blue headache you're going to have decreased response times impaired judgment Euphoria which is just like a feeling of everything is fantastic in the world even if things are going bad you're like oh this is great this is so so fun we're having a blast that's Euphoria visual impairment drowsiness dizzy Sensations numbness tingling in the fingers and toes if you're feeling any of those things while you're out flying you may want to suspect hypoxia and if you do suspect hypoxia what should you do there's basically three different things you can do you can descend down to a lower altitude so if you're too high in the atmosphere and you're getting hypoxic hypoxia let's go ahead and get down to a lower altitude where the air is more dense we can stop pulling g-forces that one's pretty simple if we're getting stagnant hypoxia let's stop pulling G's so that the heart can start pumping blood up to the brain again and lastly we can put on an oxygen mask right an FAA approved oxygen mask we can go ahead and put that on depending on what app flight uh level or altitude we're flying at and that should start providing us with oxygen as well so that's it for this one guys more tips and tricks for all the best Aviation tips and tricks you can study hundreds of hours of free content so a bunch of these quick tip videos we got flash cards we got podcasts we have full length audiobooks all of that stuff for free both on our website at Wi-Fi safi.com and on our free mobile app so go to Wi-Fi cfi.com there's instructions there for how to download that mobile app and get all of these free tips and like I said hundreds of hours of other free content thanks for joining us on this one guys we'll see on the next one coming up soon [Music]