Lecture Notes: Udaan - Class 10 Science - Life Processes

Introduction

Distribution of Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology
- Biology: 27-30 मार्क्स का पेपर
- Life Processes Chapter: 8-9 मार्क्स
Lecture Format: Detailed One-Shot covering chapters, practicing questions
Topics Covered: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion

Definition: Essential processes in living organisms that help maintain life.
Key Processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion

Definition: Process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food
Types of Nutrition: Autotrophic and Heterotrophic
- Autotrophic Nutrition: Self-feeding (e.g., plants through photosynthesis)
  - Photosynthesis: Light energy used to synthesize food from CO2 and water, producing glucose and oxygen
  - Photosynthesis Formula:
```
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
```
- Heterotrophic Nutrition: Depends on other organisms for food
  - Types: Holozoic (animals, humans), Saprotrophic (fungi, bacteria), Parasitic (leeches, lice)
Importance of Nutrition: Provides growth, repair, energy
Nutrition in Humans: Involves digestive system - mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, accessory organs
- Digestive Processes: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, Egestion

Definition: Breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy
Breathing vs. Respiration
- Breathing: Process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
- Respiration (Cellular): Process occurring in cells where glucose is broken down to release energy, CO2, and water
Types: Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic Respiration: Requires oxygen, occurs in mitochondria
- Anaerobic Respiration: Occurs without oxygen; types include Lactic Acid Fermentation and Alcohol Fermentation
Human Respiratory System: Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
- Process: Inhalation, gas exchange in alveoli, exhalation
- Key Structures: Diaphragm, rib cage, hemoglobin in RBCs for oxygen transport
Breathing Rates & Gas Exchange in Plants: Stomata in leaves, lenticels in stems

Definition: Movement of substances within an organism
Human Circulatory System: Heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
- Blood Composition: Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, Platelets
- Blood Vessels: Arteries carry blood away from heart, veins carry blood towards heart, capillaries exchange substances with tissues
- Heart: Structure (atria, ventricles, valves), Double circulation (pulmonary and systemic circuits)
Lymphatic System: Lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes
- Functions: Transport of excess fluid, absorption of fats, immune response
Transportation in Plants: Xylem (water and minerals) and Phloem (food - translocation)
- Processes: Transpiration, root pressure, translocation

Definition: Removal of metabolic waste products from the body
Human Excretory System: Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- Kidneys: Nephrons as functional units, filtration of blood to form urine
- Processes: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Excretion in Plants: Removal of excess water, gases, and other metabolic wastes
- Structures: Stomata, lenticels, old xylem cells, root diffusion

Life processes are essential for maintaining life in organisms.
Key processes include Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.
Detailed understanding helps in explaining the function and importance in both plants and animals.