greetings to all grade 12 learners uh this is miss mandakaze nogasa the provincial history planner um today you will be dealing with a topic that is in paper 2 which is the play consciousness movement in south africa during the 1970s this is the term that is this is the topic that is done in time true um it appears in paper one as the first question is the very first question in in paper one and it is examined as a source based question remember in in in term one you did topics under paper one and you had source based questions there and essays your cuban nasal crisis your angola black power movement those are the source based questions so in paper two you will do black consciousness movement so it will be your question one remember in when you're given the source-based questions you'll be looking at the sources you'll be given four sources maximum that is a combination of written sources and the visual sources so in those sources you'll be tested on on the on the different skills for example you'll be tested on the extraction scale that is where you get information directly from the source for example you will have questions like identify from the source what according to the source list name those are the question verbs that will be used at the same time you'll be expected to define concepts in their historical concept so all those fall under the level one questions those are the questions that we say they are very easy to get those are low hanging fruits where you are supposed to get all the marks the 14 marks that are located there and then you will also be expected to interpret information from the sources that you are given remember i said you given both visual sources and the written sources fro so from those sources you will explain the information that is there you will be expected to comment on the on the information that is given there at the same time you will be expected to interpret the visual sources for example you can expect a question that says what message is conveyed by a particular visual source that is that is given and then thirdly you will engage with the sources to determine whether the sources are reliable or not you look at the limitations of the source what is it that the source is not revealing at the same time you will compare two sources your visual source and your and and your written source where you look at either the similarities or the differences between the sources you will also determine the usefulness of the source how useful is the source the source can be useful it can also not be useful and then the last question that will carry more marks on the source based question will be your paragraph um paragraph writing question where you will be expected to write a paragraph of about eight lines or 80 words depending on the question that is given there so it is important that on the sources that you have been given in each sauce you write a little notes next to each sauce to write what the sauce is all about that will assist you when in the end you are writing your product of questions so that you don't get to quote the source vapor team but you rather write the paragraph in your own way so that you don't get penalized so that's that's the gist of the source-based question so this topic that we'll be looking at is a source-based question so those are the type of questions that you will expect from them then the key question there is how did the blood consciousness movement challenge the apathy state so those are the focus areas that we are going to deal with for example we look at the nature and the aims of the black consciousness we look at the role of stephen mantubico the role that he played in conscientizing south africans about the ideas of the black consciousness so steve biko was the main proponent of the black consciousness and then we look into detail in terms of the ideas of the black consciousness movement and how it was um implemented there then we look at the 1976 sort of uprising by the students and how they were influenced by the ideas of the black consciousness and lastly the legacy of black consciousness what role did it play in the south in the south african politics how did it shape the politics of of the country so looking at them other concepts when you are given any a new topic you would have seen how your teachers approach the topics they would identify the concepts that you are going to come across with in the in the in the topic and in each and every question paper that we are given there will always be one or two concepts that are asked today at two marks each so it is important that you highlight all the concepts that you you come across in the in each topic and then you explain them they must be contained in your inner notebooks for example we have apathetic which was the south african south africa's police of separate development under the national party government this is not a new concept because you dealt with this topic in grade 11. remember it was it was done in term three and four which is apathetic south africa where you dealt with the the resistance to apathy so this is not a new concept so you are used to this policy of separate development that was implemented by the national party government then the civil protest which is the opposition by the ordinary citizens of the country usually they they um oppose the policies of the government which are regarded to be unfair and unjust so that protest by the by the ordinary citizens is referred to as civil protest then the the key are now which is the black consciousness around which this whole theme is centered it was a philosophy that was uh inspired by steve vigo which sought to instill pride and affirm common identity of the black south africans it was a philosophy that was advocated by steve biko so that south africans uh get rid of their inferiority complex and gain their psychological freedom through self-reliance self-assertiveness and black pride as we go on with it with the lesson you will see how um steve vigo encouraged people to rely on themselves rather than relying on the assistance from the white people and then the ideology what do you mean by that in grade 11 you you dealt with so many ideologies and then this is a a system of beliefs that is a set of ideas which shapes one's actions so we'll be dealing with that ideology here then blair consciousness movement which is an inclusive term used to refer to all the organizations embracing the ideology of black consciousness so those are just the few concepts that you will come across with as you are dealing with this topic um then as a as a form of background to this um black consciousness movement and we'll start um at how the situation was around the 1960s remember i said this is something that you covered in grade 11 so it serves as a background to what we are going to talk about um this is the picture of steve buko remember i said as you will be given these sources you will be given both written sources and visual sources so this is an example of a photograph which is a visual source but when you are given a task it will have a contextualization and then it will be sourced at the at the bottom day um during this period around the the 1960s remember there was a sharp will masaka so after the shuttle massacre the the political parties the liberation movements were were banned by the government of their time so there was very little protest in south africa in the mid 1960s due to the state repression meaning that around the period there were new legislations that were introduced by the government so as to suppress all the protests that were taking place for example anybody who was having an action day then they were either arrested or they were under detention without any any trial that was that was being done so during that period it was just a period where the leaders were either in exile or some of them were were in prison for quite a number of years so it was during that time that there was the emergence of the new form of protest which was the consciousness then um steve buko was the main person who was the proponent of this black consciousness and he was influenced by a number of things or by the number of people to follow this uh this black consciousness for example he was influenced by robert you will remember that robert subico was the leader of the pen african news congress which broke away from the the anc because robert soboku could not agree with the concept of non-racialism that was depicted in the in the freedom charter so he believed that the blacks should be responsible for their own liberation so that influenced the the philosophy of the player consciousness as a led by steve biko secondly the the content that you dealt with in term one you dealt with the civil rights movements in usa in the 1950s in the 1960s you also dealt with the black power movement in in usa then the the successes of these movements as led by martin luther the king and malcolm x they influenced they also influenced um you will recall that a malcolm x the the approach as we're going to deal with um with the blue consciousness you will see that there are similarities in the way things that were done by the black power movement and the black consciousness because they had advocated for black pride that people should have interest in their own history they should embrace who they are they should be proud and they are in their blackness they should um be proud of themselves so those are the uh principles that were followed by um the black consciousness movement in in south africa as well so it the approach was the same together with this civil rights movement so the successes in terms of achieving their liberation in u.s then influenced how the black consciousness movement dealt with the issue of oppression in south africa then another thing that was a motivation that also influenced steve vehicle was the decolonization that took place in africa for example you you in term one you you dealt with angola how angular got independence you dealt with a congo in tanzania which is a comparative study so those independent movements in south africa they also influenced the the thinking around the consciousness movement and lastly the pan-africanists like um makaskavi and dubois they they called for unity of all africans so that that influenced the black consciousness because they pray with the pan-africanism created solidarity and unity among the africans and that contributed towards the decolonization that we have talked about in the in the previous bullet so those are the things that influenced the black consciousness movement so why was it necessary for the black consciousness in the late in the late 1960s remember we said during that period there was this apathetic government which um applied a policy of divide and rule the apathetic government created homelands if i know you're born freeze but you know that um the way there were homelands like france sky ciscay uh vendava puttaswan and they were also dependent dependent homelands so all those homelands were were created such that in each one there are different african language groups and even in their urban planning policies the townships were divided into different language groups so the main aim of the african of the apathetic government was to divide black people so as to prevent them in in uniting as black it was a people of divide and and wrote so you try to push um a police off separate but equal and that of separate development so there was an issue of wise this side and they the blacks that side so it it was an issue of separate development so that that um creation of homelands then it meant that you will have your blacks being uh allocated in the in the different homelands without interference of other of other races the the white people in particular then steve buego believed that it was essential to strip away the language of separate development so that we see apathetic for what it was that it was a racist policy which oppressed the black people because of the um of their color so what what are the main aims of the blue consciousness this is the the area where you you are going to be examined on remember i i highlighted the focus areas for for this particular topic so what i was giving was just a background to the black consciousness movement so the the blood consciousness started as an attitude of mind rather than a political movement remember i said to you earlier when i was defining the the black consciousness it was a philosophy that advocated that black should be self-reliant they should have that psychological freedom so that they they get rid of those feelings of inferiority so to steve bigo all those that were oppressed by the apathetic government all those that they were they were categorized as blacks meaning that even if you were a colored and in the end you you you just fell under the the the category of black people because if you were not privileged if you were oppressed by the apartheid government then it means that you were a black south african so it was not um a matter of pigmentation but it was just a mental attitude so all those that were oppressed by the apartheid government they were categorized as as blacks so they they the black consciousness aimed to raise black confidence so as to bring about liberation because at the end of the day what they were striving for was to liberate the africans but it has to study the liberation of of the mind then the black consciousness promoted pride in black identity culture and history meaning that um steve buko wanted black people to to be proud of the of who they are just like how the the black power movement was doing it to be proud of their blackness they should embrace their own culture rather than having their culture being assimilated by the western culture you wanted people to to take interest in their own history just know what what um you are all about you must know where you come from so that you know what you you you you're going to so it was important that people take pride in their in their identity just to know who they are they embrace their culture and also to take interest in their in their history so he challenged the white liberals the reason why he he was challenging those white liberals was that he was saying they have benefited from the apathy government so there was no way that they they could take they could play a role in the liberation of a black person which is why you are saying the black people should be at the center stage of their of their own liberation so in this process he was promoting black unity remember we're talking colors we're talking blacks we're talking indians so because we were saying all those people they fall under this one category because they are all oppressed by the the the white government so he promoted black unity you will recall that i have said earlier on he was influenced by pan-africanism meaning that pan-africanism was the one that was advocating for solidarity and unity so that people could fight for their own for their own liberation so this went in terms of um influencing the black consciousness so he he stated that the the black people to have to nurture their black identity than being assimilated by white culture so it means it's the responsibility of black people to preserve their culture to protect their culture so that it doesn't get overshadowed by the white by the white culture he advocated self-respect and confidence those were the values that he wanted to instill on the on the black people so that when they fight for their freedom at least they are confident enough to face this animal which was the the apartheid government he encouraged self-reliance and discouraged reliance on whites remember i i said to you we still going to do the ideas of the black consciousness and how it was implemented then we'll talk about the self-help projects the community projects that were set up by steve so that people could rely black people could rely on themselves rather than relying on the assistance that they get from the wife that they get from the white government they wanted people to rely on themselves to do things for themselves so that that was the main aim of the blair consciousness again the liberation of the mind i think the first bullet day was talking to the attitude of the mind he wanted blacks to liberate themselves psychologically so that they they they don't see themselves as being inferior than the white people because you'll find that sometimes people see whites as being superior than the blacks so once you have that mentality that this person is superior than the other person then it means that the person who seemed to be inferior will lose confidence so that's why he was advocating for confidence self-respect confidence and then then that leads to liberation of the mind so he promoted psychological freedom so that people can get rid of all those feelings of inferiority because everybody is supposed to be equal in this land so as soon as we liberate our our minds then it becomes easier to face the enemy this is um the quotation that uh you will come across as you read the the the books that have been written by by steve bico the question papers the previous year's question papers you will get to see this um this this is a visual source with a message that that's in there which says the most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed meaning that when steve is talking about the liberation of the mind he means that people should be free psychologically so that the oppressor does not have hold over this oppressed person because he's saying the most potent waypoint in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed person so once we free ourselves in the in the mind once we free ourselves psychologically then it means that we are just getting rid of all those feelings of inferiority and then that defeats the purpose of the oppressor so that's what he advocated so though those are the aims of the black consciousness so this um ideology it united the the supporters of the amc and the the pac for the liberation of south africa because at least they they could relate with them the aims and the nature of this blur consciousness as the anc the the pac was was banned during that period so they could relate with this um ideology which is the black consciousness movement so the main aim of this lesson was mainly to look at the nature and the ends of the black consciousness so as we move forward with other nursing we look at the the actual role of steve you'll get to know who steve buko was what way what was his actual role how did he influence the the communities how did he influence the students in the 1976 sort a prize so those lessons cannot be finished in in one day so we'll just stop here for now what we have done we have issued out worksheets specifically on this topic so as as soon as you are done watching this please take those worksheets and then you look at the sources that are there and then the questions that follow read the sources you either because you you are at home you read the sources silently and you also read them aloud so that you understand what the sources are all about you take little notes on the side to say this source is about this so that when you when you respond to the questions at least you know what the sources are all about and then you must have a dictionary next to you so that if you come across a difficult weight in the in the source that is not explained in braggers then you write the meaning of that particular word because it is important to understand the source so that we are able to respond to to the questions so um take a look at those at those uh worksheets and try to work from home and wishing you all the best as you try to make sense of those sources and the questions then we meet next time thank you you