hi everyone so in this video we are going to make a revision mind map on the topic changing places for a QA a level geography I hope you'll find it really useful our ends to put all the information onto one sheet of paper so we're really going to condense the kind of key information if you have an a3 piece of paper to write as long as we go that'd be fantastic just so you know I've also got in front of me when I'm doing this the specification and that's a really useful thing to have when you're advising it means that you can check off everything that you've done so you're not going to miss anything so we're going to start with for the first part of changing places we're going to talk about the nature and importance of paces and then we are going to kind of define place and see why it is important in human life so if we first vote if we define the concept of place so place can be summarized as location plus meaning so here location is the physical location where it can be plotted on a map or it can be described using latitude and longitude and meaning is the social construction so it's what the place means to a person now this gets us onto another key term which is the idea of sense of place so sense of place is the emotional meanings a place has two people therefore it is subjective it connects individuals or a group of people to a location so for example you might have a sense of place or an attachment to the school that you go to because you've formed a little friendships there and therefore you have an emotional connection to it now when we talk about the importance of place to human life there's many reason why places are important for people often people for connections to places it might be because people live in a place or it relates to a certain aspect of their life this connection also helps people to form an identity and this identity is important to human life it can help you have a feeling of belonging and belonging is the idea that you feel like you're a part of that place so for example you can look at this from different scales as well so someone might have a feeling of belonging to a country this might be that you're important so for example with the World Cup and football it could be that you are proud that you live in England because you're supporting England and that's the kind of connection to that place it helps to form your identity or it could be on a much smaller scale as well so it could be that we're connected to the local place that you live and therefore you have a sense of belonging or a sense identity you can also have a sense of identity with places you haven't visited and we're going to talk about that when we talk about connections to places and particular media places okay so that pretty much covers the concept of place and the importance of place in human life and experiences now what your table you look at is the idea of insiders and outsider's perspective on place so inside it's someone who feels familiar with place they may live in a place or they may share cultural values for example they might share the same religion with a lot of people who live near them well they might share the same language an outsider is someone who feels unwelcome in a place and they do not feel like they belong there which goes back to the idea of that sense of belonging why that place is important for human life so people who are outsiders don't you necessarily have to live outside the place they may also live there but they may have negative experience with the place or not share values or characteristics with the people who live there and that's quite important we're going to be looking at how someone can go from an insider to an outsider so as an insider is someone who's normally familiar and who's someone who doesn't live there and outsider maybe someone who doesn't live there but it might also be that they live there however they have had a negative experience they people can change from feeling like insiders and Outsiders and the reason why changes can occur can either be personal factors or what external factors so a personal factor could be something like age so for example when you grow up from being a teenager you may leave to go to university and therefore you may change where you feel attached to as a place where you call home so for example I went to Bristol University and I now have a really strong place attachment to Bristol age can also change as people become but more connected there say for example if you spend a long time there you've been a resident in an area for a long time you may feel more connected there or what personal factor could be that if you are a new mother in an area therefore you may feel more connected to your local area as you rely or maybe Child Services and you build up your connections there a final personal factor which may change is for example if someone has recently changed their gender they may feel more or less welcomed in a place depending on depending on that place whereas external changes to a place can also change how people interact and use the spaces so for example if there have been new housing developments this may encourage a new flow of populations and new services and this may mean that someone now feels disconnected with the place so for example if you've been living in an area a long time and it's likely you have a new influx of people or gentrification you may feel like an outsider although you have been living there a really long time so there are different factors which means that people can change from being an insider to an outsider and usually it's quite good to have a few examples up your sleeve to speak about it in exam so you can either refer to your local area or you could refer to a place so for example if you talked about external changes you could talk about Stratford that new populations have moved in there and therefore people may feel like outsiders if they were originally living there another example is for example the Windrush generation when they first moved to London if there would have been lots of conflict and lots of racism however now Brixton there is a really big Africa being in community and there is loads of celebrations and they are very much insiders to the local area so have an idea particularly with this idea of changing places that these places do change from people's attachment to places also change what I want to explore now is the idea of categories of place so we can categorize plates into a few different ideas we can talk about near and far places and experience places and also media cases and these also can link together near places which are located geographically close to where someone lives it may be where everyday experiences take place so it might be a school if you live nearby or a local community place that you go to farm places on the other hand are places which are far away from us in the distant places so far places are just places which are located physically far from us the media places are places that people have not been to or their experience mainly through the media this may be books TV and film the Internet and the radio experience places are places where people spend time in normally where people directly live or if they're visiting a person there are a few links between near-far media and experience places so near places people have normally experienced them in their everyday so these ones link far places or distant places and people mainly experience them through the media so for example if you are choosing to go on a holiday you may look it up on the internet or you may watch a film about it and you may experience part of it so those are how those link however these lines are blurring particularly with the idea of globalization so the idea of globalization can change how we connect to a place so for example we may experience many more places through the media as globalization increases the amount of media available to us and this is quite a good link with your other topic of globalization globalization increases the connection between people and places the rise the internet and technology means that people can feel connected to places they've never experienced which in media places and also far places can seem closer with globalization so the increased availability of cheap air travel gives people easier access to a range of places which are hundreds of miles away however they may only be a few hours by plane and this links the idea of the shrinking world effect or the shrinking world effect it may have taken days or even weeks to send a letter to communicate with someone in a different country whereas now we could just instantly speak to someone and this makes for places seem closer so you probably have relatives who live in different countries and it's really easy to pick up the phone or to text them and see how they're getting on whereas before those far places would have seen really far away because you wouldn't need to have such easy contact and then finally in this section we are going to talk about the factors contributing to the character places so particularly what are endogenous exogenous factors which relate to the character in place so endogenous these internal factors which shape a places character they can be physical such as location which we'll look at but they can also be human and please don't forget that then we also have exogenous factors and these are external factors which shape a place so these can be relationships to places or flows and we'll go into them in some detail exogenous factors or external factors or external agencies is one thing which comes up and looked in the specification so it's really good to come and get our head around what external factors or forces are shaping a place because we're going to come back to this again and again and again so for endogenous factors we have location topography physical geography land use built environment infrastructure demographic and economic characteristics now these are all linked in your specification so make sure you please know all of them so location is where the place is if a place is well connected they may have more access to technology and different cultures topography is the shape of the landscape so mountainous areas create harsh conditions to live in and so they may also have a low population density physical geography includes the drainage geology altitude and climate of a place a place with fertile land might have more people living there land use this is a human factor so this is the human activity which occurs there so it could be is an agricultural is it industrial use is it residential or is there retail so for example if an area has lots of shops or services it may encourage people to visit a place built environment and infrastructure this includes the transport and communication lines again this is a human factor so if there's poor infrastructure it may limit access demographic and economic characteristics includes who lives there and what they are like or what they do as a job so for example cities usually have a more youthful population and they might have a high cultural mix so you're dodging is factors are your relationships with other places so these can be people money resources and ideas it's how places are related to other places or connected to other places so for example if we consider people places that have a lot of tourism can influence the character places there may be more land use and economic factors that encouraging people to come and visit there this can create employment for people another flow of people can be migration so migration can influence the character places so for example in the UK and London we have a lot of people living here from many different cultures and this can mean there are different stores with different cultures and there might be different celebrations and this changes our character of place flows of investment can also affect the current place for example if you have investment into a regeneration project this may change the population as it may encourage more people to live there and it also may increase the amount of money and services that in the area and also improve the quality of environment resources and ideas this could be new ideas from globalization it can be cultural ideas as well on how people live their life it could be an influence that has happened to the area and this can change how people are connected to a place and also contributes to the character of place ok so that is the first part of our mind map for changing places this is all the nature and importance of place so once a is go and have a break and then afterwards after you grab a cup of tea or a break then we will go through the next section which is about changing places relationship connections meaning and representation hello and welcome back so the next part of the specification we are going to look at changing places relationship connection meaning and representation if we have a look first at relationship and connections we need to understand how relationship and connections on people in place change demographic and cultural characteristics or economic change and social inequalities okay so one thing I think is quite important when we're looking at the specification is to unpack the idea of characteristics so often you get asked how places change characteristics and they either focus on demographic and cultural or economic and social and equality so demographic characteristics demography is the study of statistics that illustrate changing populations so demographic characteristics of place include qualities such as age sex family status education level income occupation and race they'll all to do with who lives in the place cultural characteristics are the collection of behaviors and traditions of a group of people so this might be language traditions belief food music and values they are to do with how people live their lives in a place economic characteristics of place include income employment rates types of jobs people do simply they link to work and money and social inequality is the difference between groups of people in terms of their quality of life it may be differences in opportunities and this can occur with health care education and services so you will need to have a particular focus on either demographic and cultural or economic and social inequality within your local place but it's really good to know what they all mean because if a question asks you describe the characteristics of this place you know that you need to refer to either demographic cultural economic or social so what we're going to look at neck is we're going to look at how demographics socio-economic and cultural characteristics of places are shaped by shifting flows of people resources money and investment and how this happens at different scales so people resources money and investment should seem really similar to your exogenous factors and these external factors are what are really important and this word external will keep coming up again and again one flow of people could be migrants so migrants come into a place can change the demographics so often migrants might be younger people usually looking to find work migrants can also be internal migrants of a place for example rule to other migration or they can be external now this may change the demographics of the place as it may lower the average age of a place another example could be particularly in the UK elderly people move out to more seaside resorts to be near the coast or even to for example Spain to live in a nice environment and that may increase the average age changing the demographics of a place people can also change cultural characteristics of a place for example moments might bring their culture with them so for example in a large migrant population settles in an area there also may be some new places of worship for example in East London in Brick Lane you can actually see evidence of cultural change as the street signs in Bengali and also you can find mosques there shifting flows of people can also change economic and social characteristics for example if we stick with the idea of migrants there might be new services which are required over there which can change the amount of jobs that are available and also the flows of people for example tourism if this may increase the service based jobs in an area so for example then it may be more shops or restaurants for the tourists furs of migrants can also change social inequalities as well for example social inequality may be reduced if the area becomes less deprived but there also may be greater inequalities between places this can be seen when there's fears of people for example if gentrification occurs and wealthier populations are moving into an area and this may increase the gap between people who are living in the area meaning that there are some wealth of people but then also higher levels of deprivation and the gap is greater if we have a look at ideas and resources now first of all for demographic and cultural characteristics actual population policies and ideas about demography can change an area so for example there might be a pro necklace or aunt Anita's policy changing the population media can also shape people's beliefs for example if there's a flow of ideas on climate change this can influence people's values and attitudes and this may change the food they eat or how they interact with the environment ideas and resources can also impact economic and social characteristics so for example the flow of resources into a place can generate income and jobs for people so for example if people are extracting raw materials or more resources or manufacturing something then such as Detroit with cars then this can generate income however if the flow of resources is controlled by a transnational corporation or if areas stopped selling the goods then there can be a decline in the amount of jobs available the flow of ideas can also be restricted to different places so for example if you look at China's Great Firewall they restrict the internet so stop the yard is the population and this could limit access to technology and also increase inequalities money and investment now this is quite an easy one to explain for you if you're in the exam so first of all if there is investment into an area for example regeneration this can quite easily change the demographic of people so for example if there is a new housing development this may encourage a different demographic to move in this was seen with the Olympics with East Village it can also change the cultural characteristics as the people who move in may have their own cultures and there may be services or shots which are built around these cultures for economic and social characteristics as well it's were also really clearly shown with regeneration so the company or government invests into the area the number of jobs will increase so for example the regeneration of Westfield with the Olympics created 12,000 jobs there also was increased in number of visitors and the supported local businesses investment into infrastructure can also make places more accessible for visitors and this can also reduce deprivation as people have a higher access to services however if investment is directed away from the place there may be more deprivation and unemployment might increase and then what we're going to talk about the impacts of external forces operating at different scales from a local to global so when you look at an exam question if it says external forces or shifting flows we really want to think about what is happening from outside that place which is changing the place and we can have different scales from local to global so for example international global institutions are at your global scale just transnational corporations may also be global international government policies are more national and then local you can also have local groups or communities which are changing places now these all have the ability to impact your characteristics and whether that's demographic cultural economic or social and so I'm going to stick with the moment just the same color code that I was using earlier just so we can see how the changes are occurring so for example if we have a look at TN sees the movement of TN seas from developed to developing countries when TN seas off shore their factories in a process called deindustrialization this for example happened in Detroit with a car industry this can lead to a lot of unemployment and our unemployment is your economic characteristics it may also lead to your wealthier people moving out which may be a demographic change and it can also lead to more social deprivation as people in people who stay the area maybe living there with a lower access to services this is a social inequality so you can see here how TNCs or this external force has impacted demographic economic and social characteristics of a place global institutions can also change the amount of money that is invested into a place and the social economic and demographic characteristics for example the IMF or the World Bank can offer loans to countries to reduce poverty and increase development so government policies they the government's decide where to invest money so for example where to have big regeneration policies so for example the Olympics was chosen to be in Stratford and new home was one of the most deprived boroughs in London all they may have Enterprise Zones for example investment into Manchester where the BBC has moved up to Manchester this can increase the amount of jobs reduce poverty in the area and also change the demographics encouraging more people to live there so you can see you've got economic changes social economic inequality and also demographic changes governmental policy is also a neat - migration so for example these may also influence your demographic and your cultures of the place and then also your local scale you may also have community groups these can offer support for cultures whether it is new migrants coming up coming in or whether it may be support for people who are living in very deprived areas for example support with homeless people and then our next point of the specification is how past and present connections within and beyond to localities shape places and embed them in regional national international and global scales so this is just simple your place is connected in the past and also in the present so we have a look at past connections first this simply means how a place is connected so for example in the past and many places were connected by sea trade routes for example London had the Thames and that's how it's connected to many other areas this then led to urbanization and cities becoming more well-connected and consequently London becoming a world city now if we look at connections today it doesn't just have to be physical locations so how they get there but it also can be our internet connections or our social links to places so for example there are areas which are financial and banking centers that is also London for an example but also somewhere like Bangalore is now a center of IT in India and then also we are connected through places for example trade blocks with the EU although we're going through brexit that is how we are also connected to other places and these connections shape development over time but you can see that these connections can be we've mostly talked about international and global connections but they can also be local so for example how well is somewhere connected to London that may increase rule to urban migration so it's really important just to have a look at where is your place connected to and how does this connection shape the place I think I was got a good time to talk about the idea of globalization of place now globalization of place really links with the idea of the global connections we have with different places for it so for example dream masses work it's really interesting here now she was quite a famous geography who wrote about the global sense of place and our connection to place Doreen Massey looked at Kilburn high road and said that from looking at it and you could see the different layers and different connections so for example the shops showed one connection of place for different areas migrants walking down the street which showed different connections and you can see how a place was built up in layers over time and I'll connect and this is a really interesting way of looking at how places are connected with different areas and how that shapes demographic cultural economic and social inequalities and she's a really good job offer to reference if you are I'm picking the idea of global sense of place if we also look at globalization a place we can see how it's impacting our towns today say for example a clone town and also the idea of place lessness so a clown town is when you have lots of investment from TNCs and your high streets become looking like all in the same place so for example you could go to one High Street in Monday and it'd be very similar to High Street in Manchester or a town so for example and over and we could probably guess what those shots would be you'd probably have hm Starbucks coaster new looks super jog boots and those these kind of shops are taking over our high streets and these companies have much more money and means that some local shops lose their businesses this can also lead to unemployment in those areas and then also the idea of place missus is the idea that you could go anywhere and it's not distinctly located to a place so for example if you go to a shopping mall in the West field you could be in anywhere in the UK there's not any defining features and globalization is often changing our high streets globalization is also changing how we interact with them so for example a lot less people are using the high street as people shop online and this also is what's impacting our place through these present connections okay so that pretty much summarizes the idea of relationship and connections so what we're going to go into next is we're going to look at meaning and representation so if you want to have a break go get another cup of tea or a biscuit then we come back and we will look at the next part okay and welcome back so now we are going to look at the next part specification which is meaning and representation and in this we're actually going to do a mind map within our kind of my map and we're just going to look at all the different parts of the specification so how humans perceive and engage and form attachment to places how external agencies including government corporate bodies and communities attempt to influence place meanings how places are represented in different forms and also the past and present processes of development which is really similar to what we've just looked at with connections okay so if we first we'll start with place attachment now we talked about this in the beginning when we looked at what does place me and what is sense of place now place attachment is the emotional bond between a person and a place this can be subjective whereas this is different to place perception place perception is how place is perceived or how people view the place now these all linked to the following so if you are attached to a place you might identify over the place like we talked about at the beginning that you might be from the same culture and therefore that is important for your sense of identity or sense of belonging it may also change your perspective on a place so how attached you are you might have any positive perspective to a place and your experiences will also be influenced through how you engage or have an attachment with the place so for example positive or negative experiences may change our place attachment so your external agencies our government corporate bodies and community or local groups now these should sound familiar because they are external agencies they are the same as external forces so but everything about external make sure you're thinking about governments corporate bodies or TNCs and local communities and therefore your different scales now these external agencies can all influence or create specific place meanings therefore shaping the actions of individuals groups businesses and institutions so what these are basically saying is how did these external agencies or change the meaning of a place and there's different ways in which they can do that through place marketing reimagine rebranding and regeneration now place marketing is the branding and sales strategies apply to different places so for example tourism is advertised now for it event tourism and this is how that place is marketed to attract people to go there another place marketing example is the slogan which was used in Amsterdam I am stirred am and that became a motto or a brand of the city reimaging changes the negative experience of place places which may have a lot of deprivation or crime or environmental pollution they try to dissociate the place with negative images to make a more positive perception so places that have been reimaged in the UK are places which may have had a lot of deindustrialization for example East London but also you'll see side towns that went into deprivation and so for example Brighton has had a new image recently where it attracts a lot of people and it is known for for pride and for being a very cultural place rebranding is the idea of how a place is redeveloped and marketed so so that it gains a new identity so this can actually include reimaging place marketing and also regeneration it's a kind of all-encompassing term which kind of talks about particularly how places have been changed through investment as well so for example Stratford is a massive case study that people have used time time again where there has been where the place has been rebranded through the Olympics and through Westfield and the negative images of what Newman was like before have been dissociated from that so that it is now a well-known place a place where there are lots of visitors that go there daily to visit Westfield and also the Olympic Park so if we look at external agencies these can all influence place meaning through the strategies that you've just talked about now they can either be a top-down approach for example governments may have decisions on where they want to rebrand and corporate bodies may increase the amount of investment into the area providing new housing developments or it can be in a partnership approach where government and corporate bodies work with local groups or they can be in a more bottom-up approach where communities also try and influence place meanings for example in Lewisham local communities organize people's day which is South East London's longest-running free festival and this promotes local pride and sense of place so these external agencies actor who plays marketing reimagining and rebranding can all shape the actions of individuals groups and businesses so they could change the demographics as new people move in they could also increase or reduce unemployment defect depending on what the scheme is however this can also lead to conflict that is quite important to think about what conflict is caused when place meanings are changed by external agencies when place meanings have changed there may be resistance to places and also not every group may want to have that change and it's really important for you to think about the different stakeholders who is it positive for who is benefiting and why is a bit more complex than simply a regeneration happens more jobs are created and then it's positive like you're in a level so you really need to be thinking about the complexities what happens when places are changed so now I'm going to talk about how places can be represented maybe how places are represented through formal and informal forms so we have a look at representation we can actually split it up into quantitative qualitative primary secondary and then also formal and informal so we have a look at formal representations you have statistics so this may be census information this is collected by the government every 10 years just bearing in mind although it is numerical and quantitative it can actually be subjective so data can be subjective if you are the one who's picking which information you want to show so just be aware of that it is countrywide so it can be used up and lots of places over different spaces you also have population data this is collected with the census data but also local authorities collect population data a bit more often than every ten years the IMD index and multiple deprivation is really useful for understanding places and particularly economic and social characteristics police UK can look at crime and can therefore tell us more about the characteristics as well and cartography is another formal way of representing places so maps can be used to compare over time and also kind of combining statistics and cartography GIS is a really useful way of representing places where you can see statistical information on different maps so you can really visually see sadistic strange in a place so formal representation can represent place quite well however they mainly tell us facts about the population not about how it is for people to be living in that place when we're considering informal representation we can look at newspapers photographs songs poets textual sources or if there's any tourist in tourist leaflets that we can see TV and film graffiti and art so some of these are really useful but particularly understanding how people viewed the past and what place experience was like so for example photographs are relatively recent with TV and film whereas art and poems and even songs we can see what the place was like many years ago as people wrote about the place and wrote about their experiences and this can obviously give us a view of how people perceive engage form attachment with places and we can also see how those images can represent place and whether they are whether they give a good representation or only represent a certain area so for example photographs is determined on what photo the person is taking it off so we could just see a really nice view and you might not be able to see any pollution which might be in the back of a photograph or songs and poet might share a very positive place perception and that might just be the opinion from one person so it made the subjective so it's really good for you to be researching your local places using both formal and informal representations of place and also knowing what the advantages and disadvantages of are the formal and informal ones so example formal and normally less subjective they're normally more objective because they are numbers apart from as I said senses can be subjective and then informal representations are normally very subjective however they can give a much clearer idea of how people have formed place attachment and how people view that place and then one thing I just finally want to add about TV and film is that particularly recently today many places on TV and film can create the place perception for example TOWIE filmed in Essex or Game of Thrones filmed in Croatia pulled up films in Cornwall these normally have a single view of a place and they may not show the diversity of a place and that is very limited in the representation however these media places can also change how a place is perceived and interacted by people so for example Croatia has seen a lot of increase in tourism and that mainly is how it was represented through informal forms such as TV and film and then finally I just want to talk about how development shapes places and this really links with past and present connections which we talked about earlier so the character of a place is normally determined by a mix of the connections and also the developments they've undergone in their history and also their present day so for example Sheffield is an example where there was industrialization and there's also been deindustrialization and also now regeneration so so how the development has occurred will often change how we perceive place and so having interactive place or how people form place attachments okay so just before we finished the suction I just want to first well clear up the idea of the difference between regeneration and gentrification so regeneration and gentrification often come up when we learn about geography and particularly changing places these key terms come up will come up again and again although they aren't defined on the specification so I just want to go through that with you so regeneration is the physical improvement to a place normally from investment from an external force whereas gentrification is more about changing demographics usually when a more wealthy demographic moves into an area so the reason people often get this confused is because gender keishon can be a consequence of regeneration so for example in Stratford there was investment into housing and this increased the amount of wealthier residents that were moving into Stratford changing the demographics however it isn't necessarily always a consequence of regeneration so although they can be linked they sometimes aren't always linked the gentrification can occur when there has been a changing perception of place or maybe transport links have changed so for example Peckham there's been lots of gentrification as young professionals are moving in often they might be more wealthy and this is also changing the demographics now the impacts of this it's as a wealthy of demographic news in house prices rise now one of the impacts most students know about gentrification is that yes this may force people out of their homes particularly renters this can cause a lot of conflict however sometimes we forget to consider that there actually can be some benefits of gentrification so if someone has been living in a house and owns a home they can actually benefit from a wealthier population moving in so for example if they do not sell their house and decide to stay in their house their house can actually increase in price significantly therefore people who have been living in the area even if they are not more wealthy residents if they do have their own home they can benefit from gentrification so regeneration is slightly different from that regeneration is the investment into a place and the impacts can vary from job creation or job loss demographic change and also environmental change a lot of regeneration is focused on having a sustainable area therefore both regeneration and Jenna fication can both have positives and negatives and also lead conflicts I just wanted to pull this up the difference between regeneration and gentrification as it often comes up in exams so it's really important that you do know the difference between the two okay so that ends this section so this section is all on meaning and representation and then when we come back if you want to have another quick break we are going to look at our local and distant place studies okay so now we're going to look at place studies so you need a loan cool place study which is somewhere that so-called to you where you live and also a contrasting place study so you're also going to be different from the ones that I have here there are one some textbooks that you can look at as well but your teacher would have chosen one that they think is going to be relevant for you so therefore I'm going to make this quite generic I'm going to give you an example of ones that I've taught but you can use these ideas on how I'm laying it out and you can fill it in your own case studies so first of all you need to have you need to know both about lived experience in the past and the present and then either demographic and cultural characteristics or economic change and social inequalities hello I actually get the students UOIT should look at both them but you may have just focused on one and that's completely fine because you will only get asked one in the exam and then you also need to have a lot of resources that you've looked at which we talked about before so suitable sources which are your formal and informal representations now the whole thing about these play studies and the whole topic is you have learned about changing cases so you need to know what the place was like how it has changed what the place is like now and why has there been these changes so what are the external forces so I find it easiest to draw a timeline and to have a look at different factors the example is want to know that you know the place well so you need to be really clear on understanding your look and your distant place I think it's easier to split it into two or three key factors or key external forces that have changed that place then you can kind of see as a timeline otherwise there's so much information particularly when we're learning about our our places and our local place we know it quite well it's quite difficult to work out what to put into an exam question so if you go through Quanah logically thinking about what it was what was the lived experience what are the characteristics of place where they were talking about demographic or cultural characteristics what is being the external force which has changed it how is this change lived experience how has this changed characteristics why did it change again and then you can start to build up a picture of place has changed so for example if we set out like this we are looking at how a place has changed from past to present what external forces are going to impact the place and how is it changing lived experience and I swear this is probably the easiest way to break down your local place obviously you have to do the research on your local place first and you need to know how you found out the information but this will really easily help you summarize it so for example I teach about leadership and if we look back in the past around the 1880s there was lots of business in Lewisham there was some money generated for example Deptford High Street there were many family businesses for example textile shops were very successful it was quite well-connected close to the town of London and it was near the docks that there was a lot of Trade and therefore you could say that it was quite a positive lived experience looking at child's booths poverty map which is really useful if you are studying a place in London it was known as the Oxford Street of South London and a wealthy mainly white British demographic who lived there in Deptford and the economy was really good and remember for your characteristics you really need to focus in in detail and I would know your area really really well this is just a quick summary so you need to go into much more detail than this and make sure you are either talking about demographic and cultural or socio-economic inequalities so you really need to think about wives lived experience changed and how is also this changed the characteristics so what extent what has happened to the place that has changed the place so one thing that happened in Lewisham was there was government policies to remove housing this changed the lived experience there was new high-rise housing in in Deptford and in Lewisham and this actually led to of conflict characteristics many the wealthier demographic moved out and it actually led to more deprivation another external force which changed our local place was in the 1960s the Windrush migration a lot of people moved to South London Lewisham being one of them and this actually changed lived experience it made it much more diverse and there was lots there's lots of positives so now Lewisham is one of the most I've asked places in the country and it also celebrates its diversity however there was conflict when people initially move there and of course this has changed the demographics and if you know statistics if you've had population change then that will really help you then finally lived experience has changed through an external force by government investing in the DLR which has connected nourishing to the rest of London now this has made better connections this may have improved lived experience for some people however this is also led attention such as gentrification and is with this therefore would have changed the characteristics so for example there's a change in demographic as more young professionals move there and this is how we can see how lewisham has changed from the 1880s to the present because of these external forces so really have an idea see if you can summarize your local place study into kind of three stages where there's been changed I'm going to do exactly the same my distant place now the distant place that I teach is Blair no Festa New York this is my favorite case study and I think it's really good for changing places because it's quite simple and quite easy to learn but as I said stick the one that you've been taught learn a Fester New York is a small town in Wales and that was particularly impacted from the mind the investment into slate mining so we have a look in the 1800s Bruno Festa New York was had very limited connections it was familiar farming little village not many people lived there and it was mainly Welsh speaking in the 1800's there was investment from the government into slate mining and this dramatically changed the town changing the lived experience and changing the characteristics there was new infrastructure so the there were new roads that were developed and also there's a railway and the town grew along this railway in the night in 1860s the town gained its first Church in school and the population peaked in 1881 to 12,000 people so you can see how the demographics the place had changed quite a bit and also the lived experience people below it was in an early 19th century blonde Oh fast ENIAC was referred to as the slate capital and people were very proud of the Heritage age of mining slate in bla-a-a-st niyog however another external force that changed was the lack of investment from the government and this occurred in the 1900s has led to deindustrialization cheapest lead was now available from Spain Germany and China this changed a lived experience dramatically the decline of industry led to a lot of unemployment the tower experienced economic decline and this changed the experience of people living in Berlin as it was no longer a town a booming industry but rather a declining town this meant there was lots of unemployment and people particularly the younger population started to move out as there was a lack of job opportunities of their future the population went into decline and the area became very deprived the population actually went from twelve thousand two to four thousand in this time then the final external force which I have looked at for blown FS to New York in the Millennium there was 12 million pounds invested into the area from the EU regeneration fund and this is contributed to change changing lived experience and also changing characteristics of place so the regeneration funds were used to boost tourism lots of jobs are created but also the regeneration improved the physical appearance of the town locals that was used as sculptures and also trails and walk waves have been used so people can enjoy the natural landscape so this is Rima jablow now into a tourist destination and they've also used the heritage of slates of people already proud this the characteristics are still a small population but there's lots of people who come to visit blown oh and there is still a very much well speaking community and from looking and investigating blender you can see there's a really strong sense of place a lot of people speak Welsh and they're very proud of their history of being a slate mining town this is also shown through songs and poems and artwork which all encapsulate the lived experience of blender this is how I would summarize kind of your place studies by the Mackay at a timeline of how they've changed but also bear in mind that you need to understand how you've researched your place and I'm just going to write down some a few things that you need to make sure that you can talk about with all local places so puts on all your location the place and the endogenous and exogenous factors which have contributed to the character place the connections your past and present those kind of links to your external forces which have also changed your place how they lived experience have changed which external forces have impacted on your place qualitative research and quantitative research to understand your face so that brings us at the end of our mind map for changing places if you've got any questions let me know this will also be saved so you can download this if you've got any questions about changing places then just please write them in the comment below