Lecture Notes: Review of Cell Organelles and Structures

Introduction

• Overview of cell organelles and structures.
• Mentioned in previous videos, specifically the "Intro to Cells" video.
• Interactive format: guess the organelle based on clues.

Key Organelles and Structures

Cell Membrane

• Present in all cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic).
• External structure controlling what enters and exits the cell (important for homeostasis).
• Rating: 8/10

Cell Wall

• Found in most prokaryotic cells and some eukaryotic cells (e.g., plant cells).
• Provides structure and protection.
• Rating: 6/10

Centrioles

• Present in animal cells (not in plant cells).
• Involved in cell division (associated with spindle fibers).
• Rating: 4/10

Chloroplast

• Found in plant cells (not in animal cells).
• Responsible for photosynthesis and sugar production.
• Rating: 10/10

Cytoplasm

• Found in all cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic).
• Everything inside the cell except the nucleus.
• Contains cytosol (jelly-like substance).
• Rating: 2/10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Present in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal).
• Functions as a highway for materials, has rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes) types.
• Rough ER: makes proteins.
• Smooth ER: makes lipids, detoxification.
• Rating: 6/10

Golgi Apparatus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal).
• Modifies, sorts, and packages materials for delivery.
• Rating: 9/10

Lysosome

• Found in eukaryotic cells (debate about presence in plant cells).
• Contains enzymes for digestion and breaking down substances.
• Rating: 10/10

Mitochondrion

• Present in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal).
• Produces ATP (energy currency) through cellular respiration.
• Rating: 2/10

Nucleus

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal).
• Houses DNA and controls cell activities.
• Rating: 8/10

Ribosome

• Found in all cells.
• Responsible for protein synthesis.
• Rating: 9/10

Vacuole

• Found in eukaryotic cells (both plant and animal).
• Stores materials (e.g. water, proteins, waste).
• In plants, usually one large central vacuole.
• Rating: 3/10

Conclusion

• Reminder that there are more organelles than discussed.
• Challenge to identify structures and functions from a diagram.
• Importance of organelles in maintaining cell and organism health.

Related Health Issues

• Dysfunction of organelles can lead to diseases.
  • E.g., endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, mitochondrial disorders, ribosomopathies.
• Continued research to understand these conditions.

Final Note

• Stay curious!