foreign series it is back and it is back with the bang and of course from this week onwards all your Jeet kajor's classes have are going to be started in full fled so with without wasting any more time we'll get started real fast okay so I hope my audio my video and my screen and what I am writing on my screen is visible to all of you so here I can see that there's I can see Nikita I can see Dev Jyoti here yes ma'am please explain in Hindi so I will try my best to teach in Hindi right because we have a mixed audience we have some people who understand English some who comfortable with Hindi and of course at the end of the day when you're writing your exam you're going to be writing it in English no so what I would say is you slowly start getting a little comfortable with English as well but here and there if you're not at all understanding what I'm saying and it's becoming very tough to understand you let me know in the chat I will explain that part in Hindi yes can we all agree upon this good afternoon I can see kailash wow a lot of you are here already very quickly please share this link with all of your friends tell them to join today's class because we're going to look at this whole chapter in one shot okay I will complete this there's a pretty long chapter which is why we're doing it on the weekend because we need a little more time than normally what we have on the weekdays and sometimes on the weekdays you might also you know come back from school so there are times when you know you may not be able to focus entirely which is why we're doing it today and of course I will try to wind it up in one and a half to two words okay so that you can take a good amount of break and then jump into your next class with khushboo ma'am at 4 pm yes so are we ready everybody are we ready and are we excited Namaste Namaste yes how's it Josh everybody quick check on the Josh level and I'm gonna get started yes amazing amazing I can see that a lot of you are here good afternoon okay all right now of course for the other chapter requests you let me know in the comment section below this week also we'll be doing one more ninth grade chapter yes that is awesome so let's get started okay yes all right so now of course everybody before I get started some of you know about this right Anthony is there ante is going on right the exams have started from yesterday from fifth it has started and if you want to give offline exams you'll have to register seven days before and today is the last day for your offline exam right so because the last exam that's happening is around 14th right so you'll have to register seven days prior which is why we're telling you if you I mean sorry 13th so if you want to register for Auntie you still haven't registered today is your last day for offline online exams of course you can still register maybe three days prior right so I hope that you've registered and if you have registered then all the best for your exams and for those of you who are done with Anthony I know that you have this huge sense of relief like yes the exam was easy now this is something very important for all of you right all of you have met archman arsham has started taking classes and Ashby I'm along without kriti Maham will be doing a 90-day road map to score 95 in both 20 23 now I know you guys are not giving your board exams but you can still attend this webinar it is absolutely free right the link is there in the registration but what this will give you an idea is that if you are an early starter right and you want to know can I apply this maybe for my ninth grade what should I keep in mind for my 10th grade next year then this is a webinar that you have to attend it is happening on 13th of November at 12 30 PM so all of you please register okay yes all right I may not be able to come in this session darshan next when I take one more session maybe then I'll be there okay yes all right so now of course we're going to get started okay now as you know I have a smart board screen I have a laptop as well but I will be checking my comments on my phone also so how we're gonna go about today's class is we will quickly discuss some of the important topics we'll have some questions that will help us answer and especially with this particular chapter there are some important dates that you have to remember uh specific dates like when like 25th February also and so date right so you'll have to remember the specifics of it which is why if you have your textbook with you it will be really helpful right and I will have a quick question for everyone how many of you I understand that for some of you this was already there in your midterms as well no how many of you had this chapter in your midterms yes how many of you had it or how many of you have not had this chapter yet and it is only going to come maybe in the unit tests that you have later on not mean yes I have Mom see some of you have already had it in your midterms while some of you have not had it it will be coming I think up in the upcoming month when you have your unit tests right sometime maybe around December you're having it no yes okay it may come in unit test exactly okay so one two possibility of chapters one is Nazism that's going to be upcoming and then of course we have the social Revolution that I mean socialism and Russian Revolution that we are going to have so for those of you who've had it who've not had it don't worry we will learn it together okay and this chapter is very simple let me tell you it's a very simple chapter it is just that there are so many things which are happening no sometimes we tend to get lost with what's happening how many of you feel like my mom I read this chapter once but so much is there I got bored in between or you know I don't know in between I got confused I'm not really sure of what's really going on how many of you have felt it yeah see you're saying Imam it's not that easy yes I have read it so I will recommend that for every class especially every social science class whether it's history Civics geography or your economics read the chapter and come once it will definitely help you okay yeah I know it is difficult but that's why I am here today to make your life super duper easy we are going to be learning it and you will tell me at the end of it mom I know I have to remember some dates but now I know what happened and why the Russian Revolution happened right so let's quickly get started I'll not waste more time okay so as you know for today's class what are our learning objectives okay our learning objective is to understand what were the economic or socio-economic conditions right or the socio-political conditions way back in the 19th century so here we're talking post French Revolution yes and then we're going to be talking about how this French Revolution led to different kinds of political strands different kinds of political ideologies or groups wherein we have liberals radicals and conservatives fancy names doing very simple things right then of course this whole thing is set on the context of the industry real Revolution right so how the industrial society or how that had an impact on the people who were living there especially in Russia and how the workers and how you know the factory owners what did they face at that point then once we do this we will move on to talking about Russia in specific because this still here will give us an idea on what is socialism but how this had an impact in Russia and how of course earlier Russia was having a monarchy right and that was overthrown and of course there was Rising socialism in Russia then this led to the 1905 Revolution now see a big revolution starts out with small small things right so they all start with small events that took place which has had a significance in history and then of course after this we are going to be looking at events of 1914 now 1914 you know is when World War was there right the revolution the abdication of of the tsar and of course you have the economic political impact of February Revolution then you have an October Revolution so many revolutions but at the end of the day how all of this contributed to the rise of the bolshvix power and how the they had an impact on society and of course at the end we'll be talking about stalinism and what was the influence why are we learning about all these things how this Russian Revolution in itself had a global impact how it impacted the entire world okay so this is what we are going to get started with now everybody I need you all to focus in class okay I need you to all pay attention in class I need you to keep listening don't get distracted in between okay yes all right so now like I told you this whole chapter is set on the context of Industrial Revolution now can you tell me what do you understand by Industrial Revolution even if you don't know anything about it just from the words what do we understand by Industrial Revolution yes everybody in the chat very quickly can you tell me what do we mean by Industrial Revolution protest okay coming of industry very good very good all right okay yes Diamond Creations let's not be that Center then no let's all pay attention in class okay Mom Hindi may explain karungi don't worry yes protest okay see Revolution I know most often than not you think of it as you know protest but here in this case like you said is the coming of Industry right so here basically what happened is around the 18th mid 18th century Europe really saw the coming of Industries okay now what happened was that there were a lot of Industries which were set up for manufacturing Goods at a large scale right that's what if you have a factory you know what the factory does it might be producing toys it could be producing you know your laptops whatever it is books but if it needs to be produced as a at a mass scale then we have an industry for it now what happens is that this Industrial Revolution was like a boon and Bane kind of thing because when the industries come or when there's a coming of Industries a lot of factories being set up what do you think are the benefits we know that some of the big benefits of having an industrial revolution was that there was more work right so more people were employed for this and because of this we saw that a lot of rural agrarian areas where there was only agriculture that was being practiced we saw that a lot of them moved to cities and their towns so that they could get jobs right and as a result all these cities and towns that are there they started becoming urban areas right so how you have like in Bangalore you have Bangalore Urban you have Bangalore rural yes so Bangalore Urban is an urbanized area where you have all your facilities that are there yes so here we saw that things started to become Urban or more Progressive which is what we call as urbanization and we saw that there were a lot of factories they have a lot of machines right a lot of machines running in on steam power right so we know that apart from this railroads were set up which means a lot of connectivity as well right so if things are connected now what do you see all good things progress progress progress but this kind of a rapid Revolution that happened also led to the fact that workers who were there they were you know they were over exploited their workers were not having proper conditions they were overworked they were not given proper places to stay so the workers although Industrial Revolution is happening or it's going on the workers were facing a very tough time and this is the context that you have to understand this whole chapter is based on this context of Industrial Revolution right so this is what we mean by it now of course when the Industrial Revolution happened and you know the people were there they were thinking okay this is only my life working will be only like this there is no possibility for change but then if you see here we see that a lot of them right we observe that post French Revolution it gave rise to a lot of new ideas no so now in the French post French Revolution what did people feel it gave people confidence that okay you know what's your society structure and how the hierarchy is there in the society can be changed right new ideas can be developed and of course you know that the social structure that was there in Europe especially with monarchy was getting challenged and all in all everybody thought that you know it is in our favor right if we change this cultural order it's going to be helpful but again not everybody felt that right so here's where some difference in ideologies come so now there's a change in thought that okay Society is not working the way it should be no Society can be changed some people believe that some people did not think so and based on this very thing you had emergence of political strands or groups of people with ideologies that is your radicals liberals and conservatives are we clear are we clear yes okay please teach us in Hindi and English okay again like I told all of you right whatever Parts you are not able to understand in Hindi I will I mean in English I tell you in Hindi simple reason you will be writing all these answers in English no you'll not be writing it in Hindi that is why I said in the beginning of the class okay Mom please use English okay how many of you are okay with the fact that I will teach the parts that you don't understand in Hindi are we okay with it I'll be okay with it because I know that this English thing will go on for the rest of the day if I don't address it now that's why I'm asking you all right now before I go ahead to the main part of the chapter oh okay Crystal Clear we are clear with this bilingual okay all right so very quickly I tell you Europe came mid-century time May uh due to the setting of Industrial Revolution the other workers annotation or hygienic houses the revolution gave confidence all these things can change the structure can change right ideas right so now what happened is radicals liberals or conserve tips right all right so now let's understand liberals radicals and conservatives who are they now this particular part that is there right you can get this as a differentiate question differentiate between the ideologies of liberals and radicals or liberals and conservatives or you might just be given a two to three marker to explain what the Liberals believed in right so this is something you need to make an important note of in your textbook textbook may make a note so first and foremost let us have a look at liberals who are liberals now liberals right they believe that we should men should be liberal enough or they must be able to do certain things you know follow a certain kind of charge Austria Spain used to follow Catholic church but they said no we don't want that we want a nation that will tolerate all religions now what they also believe is that they're like they did not want a king or they did not want somebody with absolute part right so we're talking about a absolutist monarchy absolutist monarchy the ruler the king cause full ultimate power that means the power or the decision taken by the Monarch is absolute that is what we mean by absolutist monarchy right now they also wanted to have an elected Parliament okay so here as you can see they wanted to have an elected Parliament wherein they in the parliament they wanted people from the society to be there right so they wanted representatives from the society now these are all good things right but they were also some things that did not really make sense about what the Liberals told okay now apart from this I mean before I get to that they also wanted to have a justice system or a Judiciary right and they they said that you know what we should have some laws if I'm having a nation I'm having a nation which tolerates all religions it's not ruled by monarchy I have a parliament then we should have a set of laws which our citizens should follow and decisions regarding it should be made by an independent Judiciary now what do I mean by independent that means that nobody should influence it the Judiciary will listen to it and then take a hearing or they will take a call by themselves right this will not be under anybody that's why we mean by independent Judiciary yes so these are four things but at the same time they did not believe in Universal adult franchise now can you tell me in the chat what do we mean by Universal adult franchise very quickly what do we mean by this what is Universal adult franchise in the chat yes everybody right to vote very good I will explain Stalin and Lenin I'm coming to that no we're coming to that we're doing the whole chapter today voting rights very good yes not marriage it is voting rights okay so in Universal adult franchise they believed that everybody irrespective of what they do men women irrespective of whether they own property they don't own property every single person should have the right to vote yes very good Purna of a certain age he must vote regardless of his education or his wealth right yes okay so now of course they did not believe in it they felt that only people who owned properties right and that to only men should vote okay they didn't think that all men could vote only men with properties would vote and they did not support the women's right to vote they didn't think that women must be involved in this so this as you know is something that the Liberals believed in now how is the radicals different now when I say radicals no what does the first word that come to your mind right what do we mean by radicals what do we mean by it in the chapter I mean in general what do we mean by it discrimination okay all right I'll not say discrimination is another word yes everyone in the class please Focus Pro changes okay all right very good fully Democratic okay opposed liberals and their approach is also a little extreme no they're not they neither understand that or not like they don't do extremes right yeah so normally when we say it is a radical change that means it's a quieter drastic change right yes oh they wanted a quick change in this case now unlike the Liberals what they wanted is they wanted to build a nation which was having majority support that means that the nation should be built by the majority the parliament should be built with majority parties that are there now of course unlike the radicals I mean unlike the Liberals if you see they what they were supportive of women's Safra get movements now what are these Safra get movements can you tell me in the chat what do we mean by Safra get movement in the chat now very quickly I need all of you to focus in class right foreign yes exactly so in this case if you see mainly for some rugged movements they were movements conducted by women for their right to vote and now of course unlike the Liberals they it was not like they didn't believe that you know men should like you know there were people who owned property right so they were not like against people who owned property or the landowners but what they did not like is the fact that the wealth that was there was not distributed properly there'll be like some three four people here who will have lots and lots of money and then after that we had a huge bunch of people who are not having proper money to survive right so there is drastic what do you say irregularity in the distribution of wealth and they didn't like that and of course they opposed certain privileges so of course landowners wealthy Factory owners they all had some benefits at that point right so they were not very happy with the fact that they held those Privileges and the others the workers who were there they were not getting it right so that was what about the radicals then you have the conservatives right conservative or the name such as conservation right that means that they were they were all very okay with all the changes that the Liberals and the radicals were saying they were like see we understand that there is a need to change I agree with you we need to change our society but you cannot change it so drastically right people wanted it to hold on to the Past respect traditional tradition and respect social hierarchy and they wanted a very slow change right yes so this is what we mean by the conservatives so now are we clear with the difference between radicals liberals and your conservatives we are clear no very simple and easy now here's a quick question for all of you which class of the society was opposed to ideas of social change in mid 19th century in Europe was in the radicals the Liberals the conservatives all for the Socialists in the chat in the chat everyone very quickly okay yes yes I will explain liberals once again don't worry and pass should be respected yes that's very important class 10 SSD session will be coming this week don't worry awesome yes okay very good very good today everybody is very slow in the chat Sunday mood SST everybody is like very relaxed today normally the chat will be flooding with answers Josh looks low so you gotta increase the Josh okay very good yes okay so now of course this correct answer here is option C now for those of you who wanted me to explain liberals once again I'm going to write it here now your main points for liberals you need to remember is they wanted a nation which respected all religions right so they wanted a nation which respected all religions and they opposed they did not want monarchy no they did not want the absolute monarchy which means that if there is a monarch or there is a ruler and only he has the power to make decisions right for his uh you know fellow man or for his uh what do you say countrymen then you know that that's not the kind of ruler that you want he's not even taking into account if it's going to be the well-being for them or no he's just taking decision so they didn't want these two and up but instead what did they want they wanted a elected Parliament right so they wanted a parliament where members could be elected and they would take decisions collectively and apart from that they also wanted an independent Judiciary no which would maintain the laws and of course to make sure that the laws are being implemented if anybody violates the law then they will know that they have to take the decisions accordingly right yes so this is all about liberals just one last thing about these liberals was the fact that they opposed Universal adult franchise right they did not believe that everybody should vote only men with property should vote so are we clear are we clear what is judiciary independent of whom so Judiciary is independent of the parliament or the government that is there so here it will work by itself nobody can influence the Judgment of the Judiciary that is what we mean by independent Judiciary okay okay are we clear with this hello and everybody very quickly if so why you'd understood chatter slowly becoming easy then you know what to do now you have to hit that like button you have to hit that subscribe button because see only in by juice we are going to be taking care of you where we make sure we committed we promised you that we will help you with SSD we are here with ssds and then you know what you have to do now now you have to hit that like button and subscribe button yes okay to all my new students out there make sure that you do that okay now let's move on okay let's move on to the next part I'm going slow with this because I don't again want you to get scared later on yes so now of course around this time right we were also observing that like I told you factories came up in different parts of Europe and of course you know giving rise to cities and new industrial areas the context setting I told you about Industrial Revolution now here what you need to remember is that the society was seeing that Railways were getting expanded trade networks were there we see that you know men women children all of them were getting opportunities to work and of course if you see giving them employment so now everybody's getting jobs everybody's now getting jobs they're able to make money right so they were all very happy but the thing is or that I lost a downside but one thing to remember is fat trees and everything whenever I explain it to you I tell you whenever there is demand so imagine that there is a toy or I would say there is a novel which is very famous everybody wants to read it then the production of that novel printing that novel will be like happening 10 times because there's increased demand but let's say that now nobody wants to read a novel they're like no no I have my phone I have PDFs I don't need to read a novel then eventually the demand will go down no because nobody's really buying it and eventually what will happen is after a point if people are not only doing it there's no point of spending so much money manufacturing it right they'll shut it down so here it is not always that there was demand for things in factories right if demand was there then it's all happy people are having work everything's going full you know crazy but if there is no demand will happen right industry if the industrial goods were low then unemployed unemployment increased right so it was not very sure it was a very Shifty time during the Industrial Revolution right Ma'am why did children work see at that point because of the Working Families which you will understand again right so when when I go ahead and I tell you about how the conditions were there and you will understand that why children were put to work because there was need for money right the amount that were being paid to the workers were not much which is why sometimes the whole family had to work their education was affected they were not educated properly so Working Class People were just working working after a point once the children were maybe old enough to work they would also start working right yes so now like I told you no those are the upsides that you know everybody was working and everything downsides and like how vaishnavi Arts long hours okay so Factory owners who were there no all these Factory owners they would see the government will tell them that you know what you should all people should be working maybe 10 hours a day I'm giving you a hypothetical situation so Factory owners are told by the they are told that 10 hours a day they should work but these Factory owners are not like that they're like why can't why should I make them only work 10 hours if they work 20 hours then I will get double the amount on the same day so that is what the factory owners were doing they were overworking they were not really giving them a proper time okay as much as we work and like we always tell you for you guys also when you study you have to study but you also have to take breaks right but your long working hours are there and the worst part is they're not paying them much low money very less money and lot of work being done so not really profitable for the workers now apart from this different print pay for men and women again this is where biasedness comes to the picture men and women who are working but women were paid maybe half of it or a little more than half that's all right so they will not tell you like they will not pay much now apart from all of this housing and sanitation issues there was no proper house because see if this is a city I mean I'll show it to you in a bigger slide now imagine this was a city okay Industrial Revolution here has happened very fast okay everything is growing rapidly which means that it has not taken time to accommodate the people now if there's not proper space to accommodate imagine this can only house about maybe 1000 people okay but what's happening is in this space now 2 000 people or maybe 3 000 people are living I'm giving you some hypothetical idea what has happened in a small space everybody is you know clumped up into it so spaces start to become overcrowded so when we say housing issues things are becoming overcrowded there's no proper developed area or there are slums and as a result if there's no proper sanitation that means no proper water being provided and you know there's no you know proper Drainage Systems which are there then you know that sanitation is also very poor right sanitation is poor which is why if you see all in all for the workers it was not a very ideal place to thrive I mean how long are they going to keep working like this and liberals and radicals okay they some of them were also Factory owners and landowners so they realize that see if we don't solve their problems it's not going to be helpful for me because now what's happening I need to get my work done but people who are working under me are not happy nothing for them is working right right so if nothing is going to help them out if we don't take care of them then if they decide to just leave and go our factories are going to you know stop right nobody's going to work so they realized that it's high time that we deal with the problems of the industrial workers so that you know they are able to function better yes how many of you are clear for those of you who for whom my video is not clear go to settings and increase the quality of the video you will be able to see yes are we clear ly who are radicals see radicals are people okay they were people who believed in a you know a parliament with majority population right or who the majority population votes and keeps it there and they believed that you know people women should have the right to vote and they felt that wealth must be distributed uniformly among people yes who are presents at Sea workers are people who work in factories peasants are normally in your agrarian area see I told you no you have rural area okay and then you have your urban area no so in your urban areas where your factories are there people working in these factories are the workers right peasants are mainly you know Farmers they are mainly found in your rural areas on the countryside mainly who primarily look into farming primarily but they do like small small other things are we clear with this are we clear agrarian is agricultural right agrarian means agricultural place right or they practice agriculture all right okay no problem anshika no problem if in case you're not able to watch it now come back and watch it later you can increase the speed and you can watch no problem so like I said if there were some Industries which were owned by liberals and radicals and we see that they've had they figured out that you know to attain wealth we must be helping the workers so they realize that healthy and hard-working workers are what we need to function efficiently so so much has what has happened now along this time where slowly right you have ideas of liberals you have ideas of radicals they are you know talking about you know how the political system should reform or how Society should be there were also some ideas of nationalism right now nationalism as we know is a formation of a nation-like place right or it's the idea of becoming a nation-like state yes and this concept is what we call as nationalism now these ideologies started to emerge because most of Europe back then was ruled by monarchs who are not really taking care of their people right so they realize that we have to overthrow the Monarch and of course in especially countries like France Italy Germany there were nationalists as well who inspired the movements that took place later on and they believed that in a nation all citizens were to have equal rights that is what they were working for whether you're a factory owner whether you are a worker whether you are a peasant basic rights must be the same for everybody because you know that if a monarch is there there is going to be a hierarchy no there will be you know maybe the Tsar on top Then followed by Nobles then you will have Aristocats all those people will be there which is why they decided that hey you know what we should the idea of nationalism should spread now can you tell me there is a very important person who was spreading the ideas of nationalism in Italy can you tell me his name name can you tell me his name in the chat yes Italy yes very good very good Karl Max no huh vaishnavi has almost got it mazzini yes mazzini that is what we need to know so he was a Italian Nationalist and he wrote a lot of reforms right and of course he was spreading these ideas no so this of course later on went into many places so when we talk about it ideas of nationalism later on when you go to 10th grade you learn about nationalism in India right so those are things that we learn about very good very good what is the main cause of World War II okay we'll get to that when I do World War II okay yes when did this happen 19th or 28th Century so this is happening around the 19th century Europe okay what we are talking about ideas so this is just after French Revolution we are talking how these things came and how these events led to something we will discuss which is known as socialism so if they ask you in your exam what are the events that led to Socialism or the ideology of socialism to arise you need to give some basic pointers like how there were different politicals Trends or political ideologies like your liberals the radicals the conservatives what their ideologies was and their ideals of course and how the industrial revolution had an impact on the people right how the working class was affected by it and how around that time the ideas of nationalism was also spreading so very quickly in the chat I want you to tell me what were the conditions of the workers during the mid-19th century plot or uh post this is not part this is post industrial revolution or during Industrial Revolution in the chat can you tell me yes very quickly no no it's okay vaishna you just need to know the terminologies what were the economic conditions we have discussed this no there are four points that you need to tell me about you can tell me one by one let's see if you've got it all right everybody very quickly in the chat it was okay it was bad fine but you should also tell me right very poor working see very poor okay but what exactly was happening there are specifics no you can't just write it was bad working condition of poor working condition no yes long working hours you have to specify long working hours bad sanitation right then what else was there no equal rights very good or you can say that well the pay they were low wages and pay was different for men and women very good very good yes what problem these are the problems right so when you are writing this you can take a screenshot because if you get this question you know what to write then so you have long working hours right which was of course much beyond what was expected poor working conditions as well low low wages which were provided and poor Sanitation what else can you mention you can also mention how they were having housing troubles also right so they were also facing housing troubles now all of these things right the fact that the workers were neglected their conditions were not really or their problems were not really heard that gave rise to socialism okay so what is socialism right let's see now this is very important okay and this is very important to understand what is socialism it's an ideology okay Nazism socialism all of these things are ideologies which are put forth okay and what do they want in socialism they want all the things right all the it is a social and economic doctrine that calls for a public right public ownership ownership of what ownership of property and natural resources now so far I was specifying how we have Factory owners how we have you know land owners so there is one person who's owning it right so let me tell you I have one land okay I have Land one now Land one is owned by this man here and this man in turn employees maybe five people right so I mean he employs four people to take care of it and maybe these guys are all doing some Agriculture and he's made good amount of profit right so he's made good amount of profit here now what happens is that from this profit he will give maybe little bit of this to each of them but a lot of profit that he makes is going to him alone right so most profit is going here but whereas ideally he just made these people do the work no he's just standing there maybe managing them or at that time they were just instructing them they were not even taking part right so at that point what's happening these guys are doing all the work just getting little little maybe one one coin and now most of it is going into his pocket right so this is where it is going which is what these people said that you know what I don't think it's happening right so I think socialism believed that it should be owned by the public so if there is a group of people working on this land then everybody must equally like Whoever has worked on it and got the benefits based on how much ever work they do they should get that much amount of maybe the profit or money or whatever so mainly the thing was individuals should not live in isolation but they must be in cooperation right cooperation now we're talking about collectively and everything that is produced by the people in some sense is a social product and everybody who contributes to the production of good is entitled to a fair share in it are we clear with this [Music] all right I mean rupees but on the other hand workers it's not coming enough right he's not getting a lot of money so socialism is very clear socialism is if x amount of investment or if x amount of effort is put into it then that much amount of money you get are we clear amazing I will tell you yashwant towards the end okay yes okay now of course as you know right so this is the basic ideology of socialism now later on of course for practicing or to propagate the socialism there were various people who were involved right so mainly in socialism they believed that at that time was a very far-fetched thought they thought wow that is like super into the future and they really believed in it like a lot of people right and what they thought is having private property no me being an owner me owning this land that was the root of all social evils that were coming there right and it gained a lot of popularity especially for the working class now they were very happy they're like hey this is the kind of society that I wouldn't mind being a part of it and they spoke about radical reforms in society so they said that this is how we start and we bring bring in a new age society and some Pioneers who were there of course were Marx and Engels right so Karl Marx here of course propagated Marxism and Muslim importantly he was also he had written books and he was a I've read reader and there were a lot of things that he had put about how to bring about this new age Society now of course the main thing that the Socialist demanded what did the Socialist want no private property people should not be having their own property but well Fair of the workers so they were thinking on another angle from the workers and their welfare should be there and many people right they started campaigning against you know private properties that were there now what they felt or what the Socialists believe that these Factory owners they only care about themselves they don't care about the work of you know the working class and all they want to do is uh you know take their money and not pay them enough right but what did socialists want people who believed in socialism they wanted Collective social interests which means that you should now start thinking about everybody and not just yourself right so that is what they mean by it okay now two very people who we should be remembering is Robert Owens and Louis black okay and they encourage the idea of a Cooperative now if you don't know what a Cooperative is and you are reading this word cooperator for the first time what do you think it is what is a cooperative okay when will you become a bio teacher when I have my bio class I will become a bio teacher then socialism yes more or less the same the origins of Communism come from socialism right yes very good working together yes that means they are very good very good working together so anybody else who thinks what is a Cooperative if I tell you all of you when will um I want all of you to cooperate and give me the answer so what do I mean by this when I say I want all of you to cooperate and work I mean give me the answer to this question collection yes very good teamwork simple very good rohi very good adjust okay working together very good very good most of you have got this part correctly so as you know right a Cooperative is nothing but it is a system right so we see that this right here is a system wherein people are coming together they are working together and they are reaping the benefits right so a cooperator was started by Robert Owens and can you tell me what is the name of the Cooperative he started in Indiana what was it called he started one in Indiana and it was called something which you will need to know what is the name of it yes in the chat very good everybody very quickly can you tell me or you're like Mom we don't know the answer to this we don't know what it was called don't know it's okay if you don't know you tell me see I always tell you one thing any question I ask there are times when you will not know the answer okay there are times when sometimes you ask me questions for which I may not know the answer also we will never know everything right but you should tell me Mom I don't know you tell me the answer okay very good very good gamer has got it I can also see Raghu has sent it to me yes it is called as New Harmony all right so New Harmony was a Cooperative he started Harmony right this is O here so what was this New Harmony that was there so basically it's like it was a group it's like a factory that he had right and he had a lot of people working for him but he was a very Progressive person so let me just tell you a little bit about it when I was reading it it was very interesting now present day how a lot of companies work right we see that there's a kind of management that we call it's a lot of corporate jargon I'm using but it's okay like I'm just letting you know a little bit so you'll have like a management or if you have a team and there's a team leader and maybe they want to take a decision what they'll do is they'll first consult with their team he'll ask okay you know what um what do you think is going to happen do you think this is a good thing to do what is it that kind of like how in your group project right like if you do a project together with four of your friends for the project all of you will sit together you'll pull in your ideas you will see what works what doesn't work and you do all of it so this kind of ideology was never there back in the 19th century people were just ordering others you have to do this or this is what you have to do there was never a conversation between a leader or maybe a owner a factory owner or a land owner to his workers but Robert Owens was one of the guys who what he would do is he started introducing management he would go talk to his worker see if that's something that they wanted to do and then collectively he used to make a decision now of course people back then did not really think Robert Owen was Progressive because even then this was although he was building towards a socialist Cooperative it was still him alone right similarly when you talk about Louis Blanc he tried the same thing but in both their cases what happened it was just them it is not coming from the government now it's one thing as an individual I am driving it but imagine if a government would be the one on doing it the impact that it would have see we're talking in terms of impact the impact that is going to have is going to be greater okay New Harmony means New Harmony is the name that is given to the place okay nothing much Harmony is just a name there's nothing much to it very simple no problem raghav you can come back I never say no to that but come back and watch the whole video right yes so that's where we see that Karl Marx Marx and engel's ideas came into the picture which shaped socialism right so we see that Marx introduced the term capitalists so the people that I told you one person employing the others then paying them daily wages but then maybe taking profit that kind of What You observe is a capitalist thing that I explained to you right and it was referring to the proper tier people who had property what is the property or class of society people who had property right and Marx believed that workers were responsible for creating profits and the factory owners were not really the ones who were responsible it was the workers which is why if you make profit you give it to the workers that is what he believed and he said that you know needs a communist Society or they need a socialist society to ex or get out of capitalist system so if you want to stop this then you need to come out of it and create a social socialist society so what is a communist Society a society where all property was socially controlled are we clear with this make a note of this this is a one more question that can come how can we Define a communist Society yes okay very good unknown very good see imperialism is Imperial power no like basically it's like an imperial rule that we say for monarchs mainly where it is going on and again they come with absolute power right okay no problem no problem those of you who are saying Mom I'm leaving now you come back okay it's okay whenever you come back you come back all right very good so very quickly you have a question Robert Owens introduced the idea of cooperatives replacing private properties to form equal social order in America is the statement true or false yes okay sonal so far have you understood you are saying I know this is a very tough chapter but so far have you understood what I have taught you so far you give me a yes or no very good everybody very good yes so far you understood no then you just stay till the end I'll help you out and you'll be able to understand this chapter okay this statement is true guys for those of you telling me ma'am this is false Robert Owen introduced the idea so Indiana is an America only no and he introduced what he introduced a Cooperative which was called as New Harmony which made sure that private property so basically what he owned was to create a equal social order I told you know he introduced good kind of management he was like a team leader who used to take his um inputs from his team right so that is Robert Owen so now of course socialism was considered to be a people's movement now they started gaining momentum and this word about socialism started spreading to different parts right and they slowly started making a workers Association so now different parts of the your different parts of Europe started hearing about it and they made a workers Association okay now what will they do in this workers Association it's kind of like your go-to place okay so imagine all these workers are there like imagine all of your school friends imagine you're in school and you make like small clubs right so you can keep an analogy like that that the association is like this but in our clubs normally what we do is we have a lot of fun or we spend time with our friends but here they used to talk a little bit on serious problems so they used to talk about issues regarding wages work hours and if they needed any help the workers Association would gather and they would help them out now they started forming individually all over Europe okay they were scattered everywhere right and if you see here are all the Socialists so basically everybody came together and they formed the second International in 1889. now can you tell me is this a national was it located to one place or it had socialists from all over Europe can you tell me yes can you tell me what happened in second International members or the Socialists who were part of this group called second International were they all from just one place or they were all over the world right International yes okay very good guys very good all over the world very good yes Nikita I'll be coming very soon so first I'll do the one shots and then we'll be having that don't worry all over I'll not say all over the world that's very extreme but of course this was gaining momentum in Europe right so I've had members from different parts okay had different different parts now we saw that again like I told you workers in Germany and England from these workers associations to demand better working conditions and for Better Living so now one socialism had taken form the workers were the ones who were attracted to it right they were the ones who are attracted now what happened was that all the Socialists right they see that they form the Socialist so now this is the part which I think would be something you need to focus on now the Socialists formed something called as a socialist Democratic party now how did this party come into the picture who formed it we will learn about it anyway as we go into Russian Empire okay but mainly there was a Democratic party which was out there that used to gather they used to get a lot of appreciation of this you get a lot of you know support right and this Democratic party eventually started winning seats so in Germany and all they started winning seats as well to be a part of the government and we also had labor party which had the Socialists as well as the Trade union so this also included Your Trade union and all your Traders right who trade who export import things from different parts they would form your Trade union and they emerged in Britain we had a social party in France so now what's happening Germany France Britain all having different parties which believed in socialism right and this was also so basically these people the Socialists who are there no they had very strong ideas to bring about change in society which is why when they were in the government their opinions really mattered and we saw that their decisions they helped in taking decisions that would shape how the politics or how a society would function right yes what are the difference but if Mutiny is when it ends in killing right so it is there is Mutiny means there's a lot of murder and killing Rebel is when you just voice out like you're saying no I'm not gonna do this right so if somebody tells me hey I want you to move that Cellar like no this is where I'm going to stand this is what I believe in that is rebelling you are rebelling vocally Mutiny is when it gets physical and in some cases people take their lives so are we clear what is capitalism see capitalism is when you have one person who owns it privately right so this is owned whatever Factory land or whatever is there it is owned privately and then what we observe is that he employs people and they are paid regularly but mainly the profits that are there come to this person or maybe a gardening body that is there right yes in 1898 the Social Democratic party is formed very good very good yes are we clear so far that tells you all about socialism in Europe one part of the chapter simple part of the chapter is over now we go into the beautiful story of Russian Revolution yes very quickly guys I know it took me one hour to complete this part but are we clear with this part because if you have your basis of socialism no the remaining part becomes easy peasy I'm telling you yes do you want a one minute water break quick water break for all of you to drink some water you want a quick one minute break and then we'll start with Russian Revolution okay drink some water now okay I'll also drink some water in this Gap take a one minute water break and and have your textbooks with you and I do know that you all want some more sessions in SSD so what you can do is uh one or definitely maybe once we finish off the chapters in history we'll do one on how to remember all the important dates per chapter we can have summer we will be having more sessions but because we're a little short on time we're focusing on completing chapters and of course you know we'll be helping you out with some quizzes some questions that are there so of course between right between the chapters I mean between the sessions also we'll incorporate some of your questions so that it gets easy for recall okay yes Vishnu can we just check the chat once yes just give me one moment everybody okay yes yes Soviet Union USSR we'll do all of that don't worry all right and yes if some of you want to eat lunch right now and watch the session also I'm completely fine with it I'll not say no because I know it's lunch time but don't if you want to watch the class and eat lunch I'm completely okay with it okay so it's completely okay now let's move on to Russian Revolution right so in Russian Revolution we are going to be talking about what happened now see what we know as Russia Today includes different parts right but when we are talking about this context setting is around 1914 right or a little before that okay so around 1914 and a little before that is what we are going to be talking about now the Russian Empire that was there not just included your present day Russia but it also included some parts in Central Asia side like your Georgia Armenia then it also extended a little bit onto the other side as well which had your you know Estonia uh your Estonian regions it had lithuana parts of Poland and then of course you had you know I'm not able to remember one yes you had parts of Germany as well so it included a lot of regions okay so in our textbook of course it's marked so you need to know what the Russian Empire has Russian Empire you need to know extend it much beyond the present-day Russia and of course in the Russian Empire back around 1914 we had John Nicholas II now see it will be written as this no I'm sure you would read it it's not justar it is not SAR it's Za okay pronunciation wise if you check even if you check it online they say that the pronunciation is Za okay so that's how we will pronounce it all right so now of course if you see here right we know that this is our Nicholas the Tsar Nicholas the second and he was from the Romanov family and mainly around the time of his role the religions that were practiced the variety of religions we saw that there were of course the Catholics we had people who were into Christianity they were Protestants there were you know Buddhists um Muslims you found a lot of mixed religions who were there during his route now in his uh what do you say in his court right you would see that the social structure had these levels so first and foremost you had your Za right followed by which you had all the Nobles who were there then you had Factory workers then Craftsmen and you had agriculturists but now Russia the Russian Empire I would say being so vast we see that almost 85 okay 85 of the population were agriculturists right so most of them were practicing agriculture now on the other hand if you were to compare this same agriculturists with maybe Germany and France you'll find only maybe 45 50 of their population is practicing agriculture so what happened most of your Empire is practicing agriculture that means what of course your agricultural produce will be more no very simple same like very simple so here if you look at it more about of grain they used to produce they produce so much grain that even if you give a lot of it to people they could still export it right so they could do it for for local needs as well as for the market and they were able to export it right and of course if you see here in this case mainly the Tsar the land ownership so now again we're coming back to land most of the fighters fall land only throughout right so you obviously that the land ownership was restricted to the tsar and the nobility and the Orthodox church so very similar to how when we were learning about Estates in French Revolution no very similar to that you have the Tsar then you have your nobility Orthodox church but of course the hierarchy will be slightly different now in this case for the Nobles it is not based on you know a voting system like in this area all the people will vote for one person and he's like Yay all this land belongs to me it's not like that it's based on how the Tsar feels right so it's based on popularity and the work that is done for the TSA so all in all if you see you know he's an absolute monarch like everything is his decision nobody is allowed to say anything now this is not something people liked right the fact that Nobles okay this is what I wanted to focus on they were not very happy with the fact that nobles were you know owning these lands and some of the lands were owned by Orthodox church but the cultivators who were there no The Peasants who were there they had very high respect for the church going uh for the church which is why they would never say anything or do anything against the church but that is not the case with uh you know the nobility right what happened was most often than not these people who the Nobles who own the land right most often than not were attacked by The Peasants so what they will do they'll be like I'm not so they'll have to pay some fee right for maybe using the Land There were taxes which were levied they'll not pay anything they will not pay the rent sometimes they will get very angry and they'll be violent incidents so the nobles were facing a lot of backlash and violence because of the decisions taken by the tsar and what these people would do the peasants right sometimes what they would do is they would pull in their lands okay so imagine I have three people okay I have one I have two and I have three now these are three people who have three different lands but sometimes what they will do is they will collectively bring their land together as per the family need So based on what family they belong to and what they require they'll bring these lands together and what they will do is they will divide them okay as per the family's needs they will divide them now it could be like I give you a very easy one where everything looked the same but what they would do is they would convene on what demands okay if this family requires more okay this family is sufficient let's you know now divide the land so that they can use more of it and make the money that they require so that is what they used to do and this group who used to decide how much land who is going to get they've called it as a commune or a meal right are we clear so far are we clear yes are we clear with how the Russian Empire and the economy and the society was okay this is gonna take another one hour maximum I'll try to rewind it up in one I will not take more than that Crystal Clear ma'am amazing yes okay notes maker notes maker I can see that you are having some doubts okay and yes a lot of you saying again for those of you who have just come asking me to speak in Hindi like I told you if there are specific sections that you don't understand at all I will teach you in Hindi but the main reason I'm teaching in English is because at the end of the day you have to write your answers in English no that's why I'm teaching in English okay yes in future call collectivization very good very good so now of course this was all about what was happening you know this is Russian Empire but now we have onset of Industrial Revolution but unlike in other parts of Europe in Russian Empire only few places had these industries so remember this factories were mainly set up where in Russia they were set up in two places Saint Petersburg right and it was set up in Moscow remember this very very important Market in your textbook also now in these areas you mainly found Craftsmen now how many of you get confused with ma'am you are telling workers then you said peasants now what are these Craftsmen how many of you are confused with workers and Craftsmen yes okay Mom can you explain this one more time which one do you want me to explain one more time the Present part the part that we just discussed on commune okay I'll explain it don't worry I'll explain it once more don't worry okay yes oh it's okay it happens I'll do it okay I'll do it yes everything oh that for now whatever you have missed you go back and watch it once again but from now on you pay attention okay we're just doing the Russian Revolution part now see your Craftsman look at the word literally okay craft that means you're making something right so Craftsmen are people who have skill they are your skilled labors okay now what do I mean by a skilled laborer now a skilled laborer or a skilled person has a certain skill which means that he could either make a wooden spoon right so here he could make toys or he could make spoons right or maybe there are people who could do embroidery nope now to do all of this one fine day I cannot wake up and decide that yesterday I will do embroidery I don't have the skill to do embroidery thread in and out and then it's going to look really horrible and I don't have the skill but on the other hand if I go to a factory okay I go to a factory and I I know that there are some basic things I can do somebody tells me this is what you have to do move this thing from here to there or maybe you know uh keep doing this you know you have to package maybe the you know whatever comes after manufacturing you need to take everything and put it into one box I don't need a lot of trains killed for that no I can just do it anybody can do it so your factory workers are your laborers like that who who are doing the basic jobs in the industry Craftsmen are the people who have skill peasants are your people in the countryside so are we clear with these terminologies yes like weaving off cloth very good very good yes am is before your exam okay that is our aim yes they and Craftsmen are those which are their own small businesses because they have their skill they have their own small business also that means if I want to make toys I can have my own business as well no yes so now of course what happened was mainly in your uh what do you say in these areas like Moscow and Saint Petersburg we mainly found Craftsmen okay but what happened was with the Industrial Revolution there was a lot of foreign investments okay so other people who are there from countries abroad right they were pouring in money for production and especially in Russia there's a lot of energy right so you have I you have coal then there's iron steel production and with the foreign investments what was observed is that the coal production became double right so it became 2x the production now when you look at Iron and Steel we see that this became four times production it quadrupled with all the money now for all of this if you want to double the production you want to make it four times five times you need people to do that no so what eventually started happening was with the factories and the railroads everything expanding more number of factory workers were there and we see that eventually the number of Craftsmen which means at one point there were only mainly Craftsmen now what happened is number of Craftsmen have almost become equal to the number of factory workers and despite that it looks very you know like a beautiful painted picture yay economy is booming everybody's very happy looks like that but sadly it wasn't because at that point we saw that the workers were divided right the workers were divided we saw that again the employers were using so employers were again using their working conditions against them overworking them and all of that right so basically if you see time wise Craftsmen worked about for 15 hours in a day 15 hours right while on the other hand a factory worker was working 10 to 12 hours in a day that means most of your day has gone there only right walking walking and apart from that we see that most factories were owned by industrialists and never government super supervisors like somebody from the government will come and check like hey is everything going properly is you know are you making making sure that they're working on for the limited amount of time because from from of course the government they'll be telling you that these many hours is what they have to work but clearly they were over exceeding it so what would happen most of the factories were left unchecked and they would even though that would be a supervisor checking if they had money if they were getting proper wages if they were working proper hours even then the factory owners will not follow the rules which is why we saw that there was a lot of workers coming together because nobody was looking after them so then they decided okay we'll only come together so despite the fact that workers were divided into different social groups so they divided them based on where they were found whether they were settled in the countryside or whether you know they were settled in the urban based on gender male and female and their skill set we saw that despite all of this the workers United against their employers and we see that the Russian working class slowly started to rise against their employers yes are we clear everybody are we clear yes PDF will be sent to you on telegram today only don't worry awesome guys very good thank you for that diamond creation thank you yes I saw badal asking me Mom I have a doubt to ask you please let me know bother you just subscribe to our Channel then you have nothing to worry about okay foreign investment of his good huh so foreign investments are there no they were giving in money for production for manufacture no very good very good okay yes so now with this of course we saw that working classes slowly uniting right and again let me tell you this is happening side by side your socialism ideologies are also growing so now what happened all the Socialists in Russia remember this very very important okay all the Socialists in Russia formed the Social Democratic party or the Social Democratic Workers Party in 1898. remember the date put a cute star Mark in your textbook highlight it write it whatever okay but keep this now the thing is your political party was made in 1898 but you uh but you have the Tsar right who was a absolute monarch which means that he never really wanted to have like a proper government per se so technically this party was illegal so till 1914 right that's almost for a good amount of for 14 16 years this political party was illegal but they were not keeping quiet what they would do they would spread their ideas they wanted to make sure that the Masters would reach you know people would get to know what they are doing right so they would make sure that they said you know they have newspapers they would have workers mobilized and they would organize strikes and protests right so that they would get to know people would get to know that you know what workers are not happy we are not happy with the fact that you are neglecting us right so this was one group of people now there was another group of people which felt that see workers are there but for a long time in Russia The Peasants who were in the countryside right they were the natural socialists because again you were asking me no ma'am what is that commune so normally what would happen is if there is a area of land okay there's a land and there are three people which is owned by family one two and three now what happens is that every at regular intervals what would happen is they would come back and see what is happening with this land so then maybe assuming family one has made good amount of money maybe they made 100 rupees okay but family two has made only 40 rupees profit not a lot of money and family three has made 80 rupees okay fine may be adjustable so what will happen is regularly based on because family 2 now needs money no family too needs some ideal conditions to thrive so then what will happen is a commune okay a commune or a mayor that we discussed about they'll come together and they will re-look at this land so they'll say okay one has made enough money you know so what we will do is for some maybe I'm giving you a hypothetical scenario maybe for a brief period of time we will redistribute the land in such a way that all of them can make profit accordingly so that is what we mean by a commune and because they were doing this have been doing this for quite some time and they have been doing this practice of dividing lands according to the family's needs which is why if you see we believe that they should have a say in it and that is why all the Socialists in the countryside from your socialist revolutionary party in 1900. are we clear are we clear yes mobilized means they will set it out okay like for example they'll say u5 go to this place okay you if I go to mg Road I'm giving you I mean no there's no mg road but I'm saying if I have 10 people and I want I want to let people across Bangalore know something then I'll send two to people to different parts that is what we mean by uh mobilized okay yes okay fine you only have to tell okay fine I will tell the moderator okay Diamond all right yes so now you have two parties with you you have your Social Democratic Workers Party and again when you are writing your notes make a simple one like this so you have your socialist Democratic Workers Party and you have one revolutionary party right and then write the points down under them one by one when it was originated yes sorry about that you just muted me for two minutes to ask me something so like I was saying make a table like that and you can study about these two now the thing is your Social Democratic Workers Party no they were not very happy about this revolutionary party coming into the picture and one such person was not very happy Asia Vladimir Lenin very very important person throughout the revolution when we talk about him because what Lenin said is he's like these peasants are not one group they are not United as one group because in peasants again you would find hierarchy there are some rich persons who are there there are some maybe poor peasants then there are some people who will employ other people to do their work so they are not the same you cannot call it as a unit right you want a Socialist Party where everybody is the same he wanted a United he wanted a group which was United as one so what did he do he wanted to organize movement based on but so he wanted to have this one United group okay he's like I want 10 people in my team and I want all of them to be equal and the same so he wanted a tightly organized party and he wanted them to be very highly disciplined okay so he's like if we are going to carry forward the socialism cause then we need to be disciplined if we need to be straight and we need to be unified and again another thing that was there is again it felt like it you're narrowing it down we want to have freedom of deciding things but with Lenin's idea people started getting a feeling within the social the worker party that I don't think he's feeling very flexible right so what did he do there were some people who believed that we should be in a party that is Loosely organized now what do I mean by Loosely organized doesn't mean that yeah they're very Carefree no they wanted flexibility mainly so if for example I decide to maybe paint my room right but I also live with my my brother also shares a room with me now the decision of painting my room just can't be mine right I'll have to talk to my brother ask him if he's okay with it because I'll have to move his things then of course later on I need his help to keep it back and then of course he must also be okay with the color so that kind of back and forth discussion with my brother that I'm having is exactly one what these guys wanted to do they were like listen we want something wherein we have flexibility where members can discuss point out suggestions and be open to the idea of Nations right so that is what they wanted to do so based on this ideology change what happened we saw that the Socialist Democratic party divided into two groups right so you have the ball Chevy group and the men's group right so your Bolshevik group mainly came and the people who were under learning right so they came in the Bolshevik crew while group are the ones who are Loosely you know they were feeling they were very relaxed about it and they wanted more I'm not relaxed sorry that's not the right word but rather they wanted more flexibility yes okay when will you come for class A this week I'll come live don't worry don't worry for class eight are we clear so far everybody you have all gotten lost in between right yes yes hyperman animation okay mom can you repeat what is socialism okay cooperation point cooperation point I think when I was discussing on cooperatives is that what you are asking yes okay see socialism like I'm telling you once again socialism is an ideology okay so socialism is a set of ideas where they believed that if there was a land right or there are natural resources anything wherein if you know that this is owned by somebody for example I am owning this land and I'm making money right socialism believes that it should not be owned by me but it should be owned by people right it should be owned by the public yes and that's how it will be distributed that is what we mean by socialism communism is how we repeat like basically the ideas of socialism later on underwent a lot of changes and you'll understand why when we come to the end of it it underwent a lot of reforms even in India they started rethinking a lot of things which became communism right it's a lot of reforms that were there yes okay all right so I'll be clear everybody are we clear I hope I've tackled all of your doubts and I hope you're all not falling asleep in between two minutes yes capitalism I have already um explained it once where you have somebody who privately owns it and of course the profits that are made from it goes to him right it is privately owned while in socialism the ideology is that land and natural resources are publicly owned okay can we say it is more or less yes more or less I would say yes I speak in Hindi my name is Aishwarya I think you are new to class yes give me one moment your chart has gotten Frozen here so just give me one moment okay all right who was the leader uh leader of the Manchester group is it it was marked off I forgot to mention that this was led by Mart Julius martov okay all right everybody let's focus list two differences between explain the two differences between bolshwick and menschwig see one thing I would tell you is who led them right the first difference is this was mainly led by Lenin this was led by martov second thing is Bolshevik people mainly believed to have they had tightly and again we will learn more on what they did but mainly Lenin here wanted a tightly organized highly disciplined group okay so he wanted to tightly organized highly disciplined group wherein they could propagate the ideas of socialism here they were not of the fan of that they wanted a Loosely organized group of people wherein there could be flexible decisions so when I say flexible decisions it means that any decision must have back and forth conversation on it and then you do it but with the way Lennon was proposing earlier this is in the early days right it was not so okay yes very good Anand very good so very quickly in 1900 which political parties supported the issues oops just give me one moment which political party supported the issues of transferring land over to Russian peasantry the Bolsheviks Manchester labor party or socialist revolutionary party what is the correct answer in the chat focus on it is in 1900 we're talking about a political party which is talking about the Russian peasants who believed that they are natural socialists very good everybody very good yes wonderful wonderful very good the correct answer here is option D socialist revolutionary party quick question for all of you one of the Social Democratic party fund found uh when uh when was it organized or when was it founded which year was the Socialist Democratic Party founded can you give me the year you know that this is 1900 no it was closely funded founded two days before yeah not 1998 it is in 1898 right 1898 your socialist Democratic party was founded which eventually split into these two yes not 19 1998 okay it is 1898. right see one number here and there makes such a big difference all right so now of course all is well and good here but what happened was around 1904 see we are closing in around 1904 our Za Nicholas the second is still there he's still ruling but what happened was although the economy seemed like it was shaping well it wasn't because you see prices of essential Goods Basics like food right it Rose sharply and what happened was workers who were in the city ended up paying more money but they were not getting enough so basically what's happening if a worker was getting 100 rupees he'll end up spending at least 95 rupees on all the basic necessities that are there which means that he's getting very less money and he's spending way too much also and as a result what happened more and more workers started joining in the workers Association they slowly started getting in they realized that the government or our ruler is not really going to take care of it care of it and so so as you can see there's a lot of unrest okay people are not happy a lot of discontent is there and just around that time now this is important make a note of it in your textbook okay super important now the trigger for crisis okay there was something that started a trigger right there should be something which should have pushed people over the edge and that was when four members of the putal of Iron Works were dismissed so here only already what happened was people were getting fired unnecessarily okay people were getting fired they were getting laid off they were going out of jobs and along the same time the prices are rising and One Fine Day in putal of Iron Works four members were dismissed and this dismissal called for immediate action so people went on strike right so they demanded their people went on strike they demanded that at least eight hours of working should be there a day and higher wages of course and they wanted better condition so they start started striking again they saw they started striking against for a better working life or a working condition now what happened was like strikes were going on protests were going on One Fine Day a peaceful procession so there were there was no indication of violence from the protesters okay peacefully they had started A procession which was led by father gippin right make a note of this this is very very very important right so a peaceful procession was led by father gapen to The Winter Palace where the Czar resides right so they marched to The Winter Palace now what happened was The Winter Palace or this procession was brutally attacked they were not showing any signs of attack right but here the police and the Cossacks now who are kosaks kozaks are nothing but people who are Orthodox Christians and of course they are mainly you know like uh what do you say they are like police but for the Orthodox Christians like they belong in that order so the police and the Cossacks attacked them and unnecessary early over 100 workers who had no indication of violence towards the other group were killed along with 300 injured and this incident in 1905 is called as the Bloody Sunday which was considered to be a dark day now why is the Bloody Sunday a very important thing for us to know because this is what instigated right this is what pushed it over the edge for a need to figure out that our Monarch is not doing anything for us right so this here is very very important yes I know you're all black pink fans but I want to know if you are all clear yes okay okay thank you mushraf thank you for that right I'll tell you about the list as well don't worry my arms clean as blood for those of you for home screen is blood please refresh your page okay yes now of course as you know the Bloody Sunday happened in which year 1905 right and the reaction so once this took place it was chaos after that strikes erupted everywhere the Liberals the Democrats the revolutionists they all decided that you know what this is not happening anymore we need a constitution we need a parliament we need a governing body who is going to be looking after who's going to be Consulting who's going to be advising us up right and this idea that was put forth by the Liberals and socialists were supported by nationalists and jarditis now who are jadidus these are Islamic revolutionaries okay so they are Islamic revolutionaries so that's uh that's about the jededists who are there now post that students were boycotting universities they were not going there doctors lawyers see you're working force not just your laborers but doctors lawyers Engineers also started participating in these strikes and of course everybody decided that you cannot have an absolute monarch we need somebody to take care of us right why is Bloody Sunday a massacre yes because over 100 people were killed and 300 were injured right so it is a massacre yes okay my BTS fans also focus in class yes so far with this this is very important the 1905 Bloody Sunday that is there you will get this they'll ask you what is the significance of the Bloody Sunday so we must be able to answer this question right give me a quick thumbs up in the chat it is vaishnavi it is like I said because over 100 people were killed right and over 300 were in they were um damn I mean sorry they were injured it's going to say damaged mom I won't be if it comes in NCR day then we'll have to do no who about who's this telling me Diamond creations is still here he has not gone anywhere yet he is still here what is Winter Palace Winter Palace is the place where the Tsar resides right that's his place now what happened is all this protest Revolution and everything no here we see that now those are decided that okay I have to do something about it but see again we're calling it as concessions he's not really looking out for the people he said okay since you all are all doing this here are some things which I can do from my end right so what did he do he decided to a provision was made to create a constituent assembly or the Duma important what is the Duma it is a constituent assembly which was first created which was created by the Za wherein if you see here that in the first Duma we saw that all political activities were restricted and in the first Duma which had the you know mainly it had the Liberals the Democrats the Socialists they were dismissed less than 75 days while the second Duma that was there was again elected within three months okay and that also didn't last for too long and towards the end the third Duma that was there had only people who were loyal to the tsar and of course the Tsar changed all the Voting Rights so pretty much it's like he's having a Duma for the sake of having it and along with this he told that listen Factory committees trade unions are illegal as of 1905 right suppose the protest he decided that I cannot be having these worker parties coming together on worker associations so he decided that this is going to be illegal right and of course mainly the revolutionaries and the Liberals were kept out of the Dumas functioning so very quick question for all of you the protests following the Bloody Sunday led to the following changes in Russian for politics which among this is the correct answer quickly in the chat yes who wants to protest in the chat tell me why do you all want to protest you've already told me in the beginning ma'am this chapter is so tough ma'am oh no I'm not able to understand now I'm breaking it down making it so simple and easy for you and you guys are all lost in BTS yes ma'am can we get this class under video no you will not find it under video you will find it under the live tab so once the session is done you will be able to find it another live tab okay a lot of you are saying B we're saying the protest following Bloody Sunday did not lead see following the Bloody Sunday there is still abdication of Tsar is your February Revolution right it is not after Bloody Sunday after Bloody Sunday resulted in formation of a constituent assembly or a Duma see I need you all to pay attention because you have all gotten lost okay answer is option A is it more power to trade unions it is not trade unions because he said that this is illegal liberals coming to power no in Duma he did not want liberals all the Democrats he mainly had loyalists right yes no problem no problem guys are we clear so far or have we gotten distracted in class yes give me a quick check on the Josh how's the Josh check are we clear are we excited to know what's going to happen after this what is this February Revolution what is the October Revolution what is going to happen in Civil War and then after that we still have to learn about stalinism no yes very quickly Joe's Check need to have concentration in class yes that is great that the anti exam was easy for all of you so now of course here's a quick question again imagine if you are a student who is studying in Russia during the time of Bloody Sunday what would your what do you think is one of the reasons why the protests why so many protests happened and how everybody came together for this protest what do you think can you tell me no problem those of you who are there in class what do you think is going to happen why is this happening first and foremost or why do you think the protests received so much of support no sufficient facilities yes explain again ma'am I will explain don't worry all right everyone how many of you are like mom answered low wages long working hours due to financial reports yes so nice why okay workers was suffering yes so mainly these are the observations okay you need to write this down oppressive nature of zarus Russia forced the workers to form unions to protect against exploitation oppressive wealthy classes right yes sorry about that guys right what happened it's buffering okay I think it was buffering in between but now I hope it is clear okay so take a screenshot of this or I will send it to you on telegram because you can get these case based observation based questions also so now we are going to move on so this is in 1905 but you know in 1914 very quickly first world war came no and of course first world war was fought between who both tell me in the chat very quickly World War one was bought between two Powers no who are the two Powers I told you this when I was teaching you Nazis who are the powers yes no problem when will Class end I will end I told you one more hour but I'm taking it slow because this chapter needs to be taught a little slowly I don't want to rush it okay yeah Central Power and Allied Power very good so Central Power and Allied Power fought World was involved in World War one now can you tell me who was there in Central Park and who was there in Allied Power I've taught you this also Allied and access power was in World War II okay don't can get confused with that yes very good Germany yes wonderful central part I can see D can you tell me your name Germany Austria Ottoman Empire they were the central Parts Britain France and Russia along with Italy Romania later on the United States yes they were the Allied parts right so in this case if you see Russia was part of World War One you can come back later and watch it right so no under Hitler was during World War II don't get confused okay now World War One when it happened the tsar of course went for it and he decided that they will you know participate in World War one but what happened was initially when the Tsar decided to do this the Russians had supported them it's like supported him he's like okay maybe yes we should go for war but what happened was later on the decisions that were made were under the Tsar entirely he refused to take cons or refuse to take any consultation from the Duma so what happened was he was making his own decisions whether it was for the welfare or no he was not really thinking much and this resulted in growing unpopularity consequence number one right now consequence number two anti-german sentiments because it was fought against Germany many people were having a lot of anti-german sentiments for example if you look at Zarina Alexandra right who was the tsar's wife if you see that there was a lot of hatred against towards her as well a lot of negativity that flew there and as a result even Saint Petersburg was a very German name they renamed it as petrograd right and of course you know that she was seen as a Outsider due to her German roots and her association with poor advisors like Rasputin yes so this is something that you need to know that this world war one triggered but what were these decisions right this is point number one and this is point number two but the main thing here is that tsar's decisions were also with respect to the Army see I tell you that whenever there is war right the war's immediate consequence when there is war armies are sent out which means that all the food and everything now will be redirected to the Army right so what happened was there were armies which were fighting on the Eastern front as well as the Western Front now the Western Front they were fighting alongside France and of course they were fighting in the trenches and they were it was completely fine for them like in the sense that they were able to fight right but on the other hand armies in the East who are fighting they suffered huge losses so it's not that if a power has won the war doesn't mean that every fight is won right there are times when they lose and the losses are very high during a war so by 1970 there were over 3 million casualties right that's not a small number right it is a huge number and after a point after Russia's defeat right there was shocking and devistic so basically in places where they lost right the Russian forces were retreat they were asked to retreat and on their way back they destroyed crops and buildings and if you see they they did this because they did not want any supplies to be left for enemy forces so if anybody were to make their way to Russia then they were like they'll not be able to survive right and this situation the fact that the the armies had undergone so much and caused so many losses discredited the government and the government created by the Tsar I would say soldiers were like we don't want to be part of this we don't want to be a part where we have to face such atrocities right and at the end of it almost 7 million losses were there seven million people were affected right now post-war right what are the impact of war in Russia now war is over but it had a deep impact because now the industry is in Russia were affected right so now we are moving slowly towards house the Tsar Nicholas's government and him were not able to deal and why there was an abdication that is what we are learning now so the industries were hit and if the industries were hit obviously causing unemployment people don't have work if people don't have work they don't have money if there is no money no food if you cannot have food and basic needs how will you survive it's a chain reaction so very few Industries only were able to survive and the lack of Supply so what happened was Germany had cut off the supply through the Baltic Sea right so it had cut off supplies and said I'm not giving you anything you will not be able to export import and as a result Industrial Equipment started falling apart right yes and it was a relatively smaller experience for them right compared to the Easter and may by 1917 over 3 million people were affected casualties means people who are affected by the war Russian forces or buildings easily [Applause] foreign so they had blocked it Germany had blocked it okay yes so now growing disapproval is there so now what happened Industries are down Railway line started breaking down Abe all the people were called to war now so apart from your soldiers people were losing their life which means able-bodied men and the Craftsmen all the men were called to war small workshops closed supply of wheat and grain now were sent to feed the forces there was shortage of bread and flour in the cities Riot started breaking out around 1960. now in 1917 when the war was coming to a close right the city of petrograd was divided into two right so here it was divided so of course it says Saint Petersburg right now but it was divided into two parts okay so what do you see here so there is if this is the city there was a river neighbor which was Neva right which was flowing through it right and it divided the city into the Western and Eastern front now or you can say right and left now the left side of the river bank had all the rich people the wealthier section The Winter Palace all of it was here okay while on the right side on the other side were all the poor section of people and mainly the of course the Richer section included Elite Homes the Duma the palace everything for a section where your neighbors your workers and everybody else now one fine day during the winters right especially so this was the winter before February okay now we're moving into February Revolution so the winter before February we saw that the winters were was very rough it was a harsh winter along with that war is happening food shortage no more food for the people and of course long bread cues so just to get bread shared they were long queues outside Patriot right and again there were a lot of efforts which were made to avoid the dissolution of the Duma as planned right so politically also it's very unstable which is why from fed they decided that they are not going to have any more right so on February 2nd or 22nd remember this this is very very important so on Feb 22nd owner shut down a factory on the east of petrograd which caused a lot of worry amongst workers right now what happened was on 20th so 22nd this happened the next day the strike was called in 20 factories and women participated and led the whole strike this is what is marked as the international women's day so now why is the February Revolution happening due to the consequences of World War one right and how the Tsar was not properly you know taking care of it right now I will give you two minutes break after February Revolution okay I will give you two minutes break then after that they cross the sea so on 23rd they went they crossed the other side they went outside the Duma they went outside Winter Palace they were protesting so there was no political leaders in this whole protest okay in this strike there was no political leaders it was entirely workers and they initially organized these campaigns right but later on what happened was uh these protesters moved into the elite side so they crossed the river they went into the elite side of of the petrogat city which was the nevisky prospect which was a capital center now around this time what happened the government called a curfew and they all had to go back but the next day again they came came back with full rigor and now again politicians protested against this so basically around this time when they started protesting to show people that action was taken the government suspended the Duma they said okay we will get rid of this constituent assembly and we'll get one more okay and what happened was on 27th of February the police headquarters was attacked by protesters and slogans were raised for better wages for working arts and democracy now for all of this the Tsar sent in the Cavalry okay Cavalry are nothing but a group wherein they were sent to attack the protesters but surprisingly they refused to do it they said no we will not and for people who voiced out we saw that an officer who voiced out was actually shot in the barracks because he said that he will not do that and like this there was a lot of internal conflict now see everything has bottled down everybody's fighting against each other there's a lot of conflict and three regiments were mutinated which means that they were killed off they were brutally uh you know their lives were ended just because they joined the protesters and as a result this all these protests resulted in the formation of a United Soviet what is a Soviet it is nothing but a council which is called as a petrograd Soviet now all of these things all the events in February from 22nd to 27th led to the abdication of the Tsar as a result of the February Revolution all of these things right that happened in that few days was called the February Revolution and as a result he abdicated or he resigned from his post upon the advisors when on the second of March right in 1917 Zar Nicholas was abdicated and as a result a temporary provisional government was set up yes yes okay are we clear are we clear yes I know it's a little different like calendar wise because they follow a different calendar right yes there's a difference in the calendar but India as we call it as February Revolution yes ma'am see now how many of you feel like this chapter is actually not that tough if you know what is happening it's become very simple no yes okay the charter is boring it's okay I mean but how many of you found it interesting learn it as a story right okay very good so now of course uh due to World War One Russian Empire means railway lines uh there was also harsh Winters that were there right so what happened is let me just go back to that part huh foreign now foreign foreign yes okay 25th of February the third Duma was dissolved sorry the Duma was dissolved 25th of Feb that was residing no all of who were loyalists of Za they were resolved I mean they were dissolved sorry yes let's take a quick break and let's get started okay all right everybody take a quick two minute break and then we'll get started okay okay I can see that a lot of you are new here my name is Aishwarya so we'll start at 2 p.m one more minute half yearly is coming up on 15th oh all the best for that Nazism and Rise of Hitler I have already covered it's there in the channel okay you can check it out in the channel I've already finished that chapter yes Mukesh I think I have missed your question so can you just send it to me once again third chapter is done on history yes PDF milega please join our telegram Channel okay you will be able to find the PDF CID foreign you tell me Mukesh what is the full form I don't know I'll check if it is CID the movie I mean the TV series is that what you are asking I don't know why I'm thinking of that right now probably I'm just very tired okay chapter three okay already I will put it in the description I mean I'll put it as a comment also yes crime investigation Branch Department sorry how how to write answers in SST I'll be giving you see even SSD I'll give you some basic tips now first and foremost make it Point wise and write as per the marks okay so if it is a four marker you need to have four to five points don't write extra two marks two to three points are more than enough but in SSD the main thing comes in understanding what the question is asking you so don't write extra points because at the end of the day if the Crux of what is being asked is not there then it will be difficult and always write it in points right how we show it in the PPT write it in points okay what are you not able to understand which part of it are you not able to understand please tell me yes yes we will be doing it don't worry okay so we're gonna get started with the last part now we have two very major things to look at that is the October Evolution and the uh Civil War so what I'm going to do is I need maybe 40 minutes of your time I'll not lie right it will take that much amount of time to cover but I want to make sure that you are finding the chapter easy that's one of the reasons why we moved this session to a weekend so that you have more amount of time to pay attention and listen to it okay yes all right uh yes yes I will be taking a short revision very soon don't worry about it okay so let's get started with the next part so here's a quick question for all of you and then we'll move Russian forces want territories and destroyed Enemy Lines at the Eastern front at the start of World War One Is it true or false in the chat uh in the chat quickly let me know is this statement true or false yes don't worry don't worry all the chapters will be coming in all of you please make sure that you just stay focused foreign very good it's false because we know that Russian forces in the Eastern Lions suffer terrible losses right which is why this statement right here is false what is the impact of World War on the industries in Russia equipment broke down lack of supplies of raw materials shortage of Manpower or is it all of the above what is the correct answer here in the chat very quickly yes everyone very good very good yes the correct answer here is option D all of the above so now of course we know that post World War One resulted so February Revolution what was the end goal what are the consequence the abdication of Tsar Nicholas the second now in the absence of a monarch or a garning body they set up a provisional garment now this provisional government was mainly including the industrialist lawyers landowners army officers socialists and liberals okay and if you see what their aim or their goal was to attain give freedom of speech to the people equality before law right of Union to strike was I mean the right of Union to strike was removed because of course if the union does not believe in something they must be having the freedom to protest and voice their opinions out and they decided to continue but despite all of this yes they still decided to continue and take part in World War one which further cost shortage of food right so so far if you see right um but it is in March right now till November this world war Will Go On Right November 1918 right professional government industrialist lawyers army officers restrictions or they decided to continue taking part in World War One shortages of food or provisional government group and we learned no he was there and then we forgot about him suddenly and then now we're back so Vladimir London actually in this Gap went on exact so he was exiled okay he was exiled twice actually and he returned to Russia in April 1917 just one month after the SARS application and he demanded three things which were called as the April thesis so if they ask you in your exam they can ask you for one Mark or two marks what were black what were Lenin's thesis April theses first end War immediately don't keep furthering it transfer lands to peasants okay and nationalize Banks so if you see here all the earlier ball should we group and their ideologies has now changed radically so vladimirs Lenin's thoughts and everything had changed considerably which is why he even renamed the Bolshevik party to the Communist Party to indicate that there are going to be new aims which are going to be incorporated into building a communist Society right yes all right you can take a screenshot no problem very very important and I'll be sending you this PDF on telegram so you have nothing to worry about okay yes all right okay so please let me know right so we know that this is what Lenin did he renamed Bolshevik party to Communist party and of course after this his aim was to have some radical changes that aims in building a new communist society and of course in June 1917 he set up all of Russia Congress Union Soviets I mean sorry the first all Russian Congress of Soviets right which composed of representatives from about 500 local Soviets so from different parts he convened them together and he brought them into a single Congress of Soviets right yes okay all right everybody focus in class so now of course rise of Lenin and we know that over time the Bolshevik influence grew so what's happening Lenin has come back and he's Gathering all of these socialists together and this was making this scared the professional government okay so now they are like okay now slowly there is this party this Bolshevik party which is now growing and they seem like a potential what do you say competitor to me which is why eventually they decided to take some Stern measures against them so they prevented workers from running the factories they arrested their leaders so mainly now what's happening is internally right internally now they are struggling okay and here if you see they uh started attacking or I would say they started uh affect um you know affecting the ball Street garment sorry so they prevented the workers from running arrested their leaders did all of this and Lenin being who he is he's a born revolutionary right so he is decided that now it's high time that we fight against the provisional government which is where the October Revolution takes place okay yes don't worry about screenshot map PDF definitely yes yes everybody focus in class Ryan I need you to focus okay all right so very quickly are we clear with this sofa yes all right so what is happening during the October Revolution this is going to be super important part I want all of your focus here see I know some conversations are happening in the chat but right now I need you to focus on what I'm going to be doing now in October Revolution this took place around September 9th so in September 1917 if you see Lenin brought in supporters from Soviets and the factories and he called everybody and he said Hey listen professional government is not doing anything for us let's you know to voice our opinions against them and let's overthrow the Garment okay they decided that let's just overthrow it now in October 16th right dates again are very important Lenin persuaded the petrograd Soviet now petrograd Soviet as we know was formed which included all the Soviets right the Socialists who were there he told all of them to come together he called the Bolshevik party and he said that listen it's time to for the Socialist to seize Baba we need to come to power which is why he set up a military committee so a military revolutionary committee was set up under Trotsky and Trotsky was appointed as their leader now the plan was for the military committee to attack right or to take over and help in bringing the Baltimore party to power now what happened was at that time the Prime Minister who was there he was feeling something suspicious is happening which is why from the provisional government also military troops who were loyal right to the professional government they were sent out then what did they do so basically it's like an internal fight hey you did this a no I think you're going to do something so let me come and do this it's kind of like that so what happened in the government so they went and they took something from the Bolshevik people so here these people are going trying to attack them from there they are going and they're like come we will take you know two buildings that were seized by them groups right and they took over the telegraph offices and the telephone and of course they protected the winter offices or maybe mainly the the government offices that were there now on the other hand the military revolutionary right so just think of it as a fight you have the provisional government and you have the Bolshevik party right your boss baby party has made the military revolutionary committee yes MRC these guys I bought they have the military troops now what did these people do They seized two offices and this is the telephone right and here if you see they also uh got hold of the telegraph uh services that are there right so they cut all connectivity on this side they sneakily went in and they took over so they took over the Garment offices and apart from that they also started attacking cruise ships so there was a cruise ship called as Aurora which was attacked and all the other Naval all the other ships or all the other Naval bases came together and at the end of the day what happened end of the day the October Revolution took place and the professional government was overthrown so these are the events of October Revolution right and that's how the Bolshevik party or Lenin came into a power are we clear are we clear to this part everyone notes maker please focus in class everybody I am being very I'm requesting all of you to be a little more serious right now okay all right quick question for everybody this is Crystal Clear then I'm very happy Lennon's demands at the end of February Revolution came to be known as what April thesis socialist Manifesto Lennon's document or thus capital what is the answer to this everybody in the chat very quickly thank you kalki thank you so much April thesis very good the correct answer is option A now in the meanwhile now that we've had a look at it and of course for those of you who are saying Imam uh right so now of course for all of you out there and for others who are listening to me right you're all curious kids right and curiosity is a superpower that you all have which is why we are going to be telling you how to harness it and Chait namam is going to be coming live for all of you she's coming live on 10th of November so please register for this webinar I'm telling you it's going to be helpful for all of you because for the kind of questions that you ask right you definitely you will help you know you will definitely learn how to harness it and Trust Me Maybe there are a lot of questions that you as well as your parents might have on this which is why it's a parent Club event and we need your parents to be a part of it so please request them to be here yes yes okay all right today there is no mentee right so we don't have menti today see Soviet that is there or the Soviet Union that is there no it is nothing but a group basically so a group of socialists when they come together they form the Soviet Union right so that is what we mean by it where did the chat go all right today there is no mentee all right no mentee today because this chapter is already very huge now last few parts okay because after this we just have Civil War which is a main thing that I want to discuss and then the last part of the chapter is very easy stalinism is a very easy part if you understand all of this then you will know what stalinism is okay all right so now of course post October Revolution you know that the Bolsheviks that are there they have come into power now these Bolshevik had some initial changes that they wanted to bring about in the Russian Empire okay now they decided that they were anti-private property see again socialist ideas they did not want private property they wanted land to be declared as a social property and all the peasants who were there they took over the lands from the Nobles and all the banks and the industries were nationalized so it was brought under a national government now the large houses so imagine if there's a very big house and only three people were living then what they did was they would add in more people to that house so large houses were partitioned such for needs of smaller families that were there and of course there were use of aristotic uh aristocratic titles such as prints Baron all of that was banned okay no more titles are going to be used and here the most important thing to establish that a change has been brought they were they gave new uniforms to the Army and the officials that gave rise to the Soviet hat that we know of which is the bandian oops uh it's pronounced as um hat sorry sometimes with the pronunciation Russians pronunciations I struggle a little so this is the characteristic USSR hat that is there so now of course as we know the Bolshevik party was renamed as the Communist party and thinking that all these changes are going to be there and Bolshevik party being very confident they participated in their first election okay so they decided that okay now I'm in power Lenin is there we have overthrown the professional government people will be in our support only know what to worry they were very chill and they were very confident now the thing is in the elections that happened in November to their surprise they did not gain majority so the members of the Bolshevik party did not gain majority then who gain the majority revolutionary party remember when we was talking about how some Russian nationalists they wanted you to you know they wanted The Peasants they wanted them to be the ones who are running it and they formed the Russian socialist revolutionary party they were the ones who won the majority seat but then again in January when the elections took place again they made sure that you know um we I mean in January the assembly rejected the Bolshevik party's measures so whoever was there and whatever they were suggesting the assembly was like no no we don't want to take it now Lennon was not happy Lennon dismissed everybody he said no I don't want this assembly and he want and then if you see he won he saw that the all Russian Congress Soviets are more democratic than the assembly right yes second March what is happening Za is abdicated okay so this is what happened when the Bolsheviks were on power these were their initial changes this is what happened even though they came to power they did not win elections or they were not elected into the assembly and as a result if you see they reject it and there were more majority in the socialist revolutionary party and as a result if you see people were dismissing their measures and of course because of this Lenin dismissed the whole constituent assembly now side by side what happened was when Lenin came into Power his April thesis was to end War so that's what he did he ended the war and he ended it with peace with Germany and he signed a treaty which is known as the breast litowsk Theory I mean treaty okay and this was signed with Germany now one of the major what do you say problems with this treaty was the fact that a portion of the Russian Empire was now given to Germany okay there was a portion of land which belonged to the Russian Empire now it has gone to Germany so people were very unhappy about this and with this that Russia exited the war they said no more war now along with this because of the fact that he kept dismissing his constituent assembly there was a point after which in his in his elections only the Bolsheviks were participating in this all Russian Congress um of Soviets only Bolsheviks were there and eventually the Russian Russia that is there became a one-party country right or a one-party system where only one party state was there and only that was established and everything was under the control of the party the trade unions the art and architecture everything now Lenin is trying to control everything that is happening right so these are two very important things now as a result what happened was we saw that Lenin also set up checkup right or they were secret police systems and they were monitoring people who were speaking up against the Bolsheviks or they were seeing if anybody was saying bad things about Lenin and they would pop they would punish all of the critics right and all the Young Artists political thinkers they all were subdued so you see again even though they think that they've got like it felt like a ray of Hope when Lenin came into Power by the practices that was being followed it did not feel that way which is why after this there was a lot of resistance to Lenin's policies and who resisted it the non-bolshevik Socialists and there were some liberals who were there some people were still committed to the Tsar was there and all of them decided that okay it is time to fight against him or we must say something right so now all of other things happened in the meanwhile land redistribution caused soldiers to Desert forces and they went back so there was no Army then you see that there was Rising criticism which resulted in the Civil War so what is the civil war Civil War is when it is fought internally right you know Civil War of Avengers which was fought between Captain America and your Iron Man and of course you know that within the Avengers itself a fight broke out right so that's pretty much what a civil war is when it fights or when when it breaks out within a group which resulted in Civil War now I'm going to give you all a fine two minute break because again I know that it's quite a bit of information dump that I've given you so we'll take two more minutes and the last part is there and then we will bind up okay yes all right everybody just take two minutes of time and I can see that in the chat lot of other conversations are happening I'm reading it also so everybody please make sure that you are focusing in class okay I don't want to be the one telling that this person is the one distracting the class right I don't want that no another 20 more minutes and we will wind up almost done Civil War is the last part of the main thing and then we have stalinism and then we are done this chapter is a very big chapter no it's a very huge chapter a lot of things are there so I need to break it down and teach you otherwise it's very tough Hindi please foreign yes we'll take two minutes and then we'll start okay autocracy is a kind of rule where you have one ruler right one absolute ruler that is autocracy so the rules that we saw in Tsar Nicholas II was an autocratic rule foreign I hope that you've been enjoying today's class I know today's class is long lunch time history nap also is there so I know all of y'all are feeling that but I need you all to have the jeetka Josh I need you all to give me Josh that's what drives me to take class no so I need you all to be a little more into in the chat right and very quickly hit that like button hit that subscribe button Show Me Your Love yes how sweet rum is how sweet thank you uh thank you yes drink how much of a good amount of water they say two liters I don't drink one bottle of water a day that's what normally I do I have like one bottle and I make it a point that I drink good amount of water how's the Josh ma'am you tell me how's the Josh if you are the Josh I have double triple Josh okay but you have to give me Josh in the chat no foreign between if my pronunciation gets stuck that's only because I may need some water in between other than that like please don't mind my pronunciation okay yes very good it is very high okay then very good so now we know that it has led to Civil War right yes thank you thank you Josh is high then we'll get back we'll wind this chapter up in the next 20 minutes so our Target is to wind this up by 240 so that you can take a good break before your maths class right good amount of break yes so now we are aware of what has led to Civil War Lenin's policies before this after overthrowing professional government was not very ideal right which is why the non-bolshevik Socialists and liberals they started to protest leading to the formation of two groups so you had the Reds versus the greens and the white now who are your Reds your Reds are your Bolsheviks right who are your greens they are your non-bolshevik socialists who are your whites they are your Pros are right so they believed in the zaka methods and they support them the conservatives basically yes Civil War and evolution Civil War is when it is happening internally when there is a what do you say good amount of you know um difference in opinions which has ultimately led to clash right but this is happening internally which is what we call as a civil war always remember Captain America versus Iron Man you know which led to the movie that is Civil War you remember no there was a difference of opinion between Captain America and Iron Man and it got to a point when they clashed against each other now on the other hand A revolution is when many things it happens over a period of time and we see that many things contribute to Bringing about a drastic change right now revolution could be through Wars it could be through protests right but the main thing is that it's bringing about a large change right so that is the main thing so now of course we see that the Civil War that was there lasted mainly between 1819 and 1889 I mean 1918 and 1919. sorry about that right so the Civil War lasted throughout and Russia experienced famine looting and magnetry poor Russians I feel no poor people there's going through so much now the greens and the whites that were there that means your social the non-bolshevik Socialists and the processars that were the tsars that were there no they were backed by French Americans and Japanese troops now can you and can you tell me why this was happening why do you think that people from other countries are supporting the greens and the whites why do you think this is happening can you tell me in the chat why were the others backing them up yes everyone in the chat can you tell me Jada slept is that what happened chapter three I've already done Baba it's there and the channels are uh sayanid it is there you can search for the chapter name and put my name along with it you'll be able to find it okay everybody any of you know or you're like ma'am yes all right can you repeat the question okay why did the French the Americans and the Japanese fund the greens and the whites so they funded their my either through money or weapons so what is the reason behind this can any of you tell me all right everyone I am waiting for your answer otherwise I will not be able to no problem if you've not read the whole chapter you can just re-watch this whole video put it on 2X and you can watch it okay I don't know ma'am okay no problem I'm very happy you told me you don't know yes now why did other people start funding because see in all these places if you remember we were discussing the ideas of capitalism no March beginning in the chapter we spoke about capitalism now they were capitalist based centers and they did not want the ideas of socialism spreading okay they were very happy with all the money and profit they were making they did not want the idea of socialism spreading to their countries and they wanted to subdue it which is why when the greens and the whites revolted or they went against the Reds these guys backed them with money and weapons and the Bolsheviks were supported by workers the Muslim jardedists and the non-russian nationalists who are there so these guys did not have quite a bit now from what it seems it looks like the greens and the whites are about to win right but what happened was a section of the pro stars who are there they took some harsh steps so they actually killed some of the peasants just to seize the land and when they did this for the people who they claimed to fight or to support they have attacked them and as a result most of the population in Russia decided that okay maybe greens and bites are not the people we need to support but rather it's the Bolsheviks or the Reds which is why by 1920 former Russian Empire was now entirely controlled by the Bolshevik and of course as a result in places like Heba right a lot of the Bolsheviks were ex exerting their power on the people which is why like in those parts of Central Asia we saw that a lot of people decided that we don't want to be part of the Russian Russian Empire we want autonomy or we want to run by ourselves which is why non-russian nationalities were given autonomy or they became independent states and of course the USSR are took place or and the formation of USSR right when did the formation take place in December 1922 yes all right okay so now of course now if you see your Bolshevik party who are there after professional government underwent Civil War and now they realize that guys we need to really you know step up no so they decided that we need to focus on creating a socialist society something Marx was talking about way in the beginning right a socialist society so of course the industries and the banks remain nationalized and the land also was socialized which means it was given to the public and peasants were encouraged to collectively work on land now they also introduced an idea of centralized planning now what do I mean by centralized planning it means that they will make targets they'll be like okay this year we should be achieving this this this this this thing right so they started deciding on some targets they started to prioritize their economy and this was the role of the government and to do centralized planning they came up with the concept of a five-year plan right so they came up with the concept of five year plan now the first five year plan was between 1927 and 1932 second one between 1933 and 1938 and during this time they fixed the prices of uh things to promote industrial growth every commodity or everything that they were selling had a fixed price there was no bargaining there was no unnecessary inflation and as a result of all of this no the Russian economy improved considerably it did really well yes okay are we clear so far everybody we will wind up in the next 10 minutes 10 minutes maximum I will take and then we will do because today's class is very long I do not have a mentee we'll have a separate minty class okay yes yes okay so now what has happened what were the economic boom that we saw due to the plan we saw that between 1929 and 1933 production of oil increased coal and steel production increased 100 percent factories grew new Factory cities emerged all of this was happening so basically there is rapid growth but I also told you throughout today's class that if anything happens very fast right that is also not very good because rapid work or rapid construction of factories and all of this meant that more and more working conditions we're going back to the same problem we are circling back it started with poor working conditions then all this happened now I'm back to poor working conditions we are going in circles right and not more than 550 stoppages of work was reported right I mean more than 550 stoppages of work which means that work was not progressing as much as they plan but the Bolsheviks were not oblivious at least earlier what happened earlier was and his um you know people the noble men they were very oblivious to the working conditions they didn't even do much about it but now the Bolsheviks were not like that so they were like see we will make small Arrangements like giving education to the poor people for women who are working they can you know have a daycare center right which were called as crashes right and of course they were providing living places to the workers as well and they provided them with basic Public Health but again they did as much as they could they had very limited resources and changed to a large extent was very tough right so this was all about the government's response so what happened post-civil War how the treaty The Five-Year Plan helped and how of course it brought an increase in the economy and what the government did to tackle the problems during then okay very quick question why did Britain and France support the greens and the whites against the Bolshevik Army in Russia to protect Russians we are opposed to Bolsheviks they supported capitalist ideology or they wanted to maintain World Peace what is the answer yes okay very quickly everyone can you tell me the answer to this what is the answer to this particular question all right okay Puja you can just check with the common moderator I've explained this point no we had Britain and France who supported greens and whites they were providing funding no why did they fund these greens and whites and not the Bolshevik Army I have told you this point and I remember I asked you this question also just think back to that part yes very good it is not B it is C they were not opposed to Bolsheviks they were they supported capitalist ideology which means they were against the idea of socialism right that is what they did not want they were against socialism so that is what you need to remember okay so now we have looked at Civil War now what happened all this was happening they were trying to figure out and in early 1924 Vladimir Lenin died of a brain hemorrhage after successfully revolutionizing the Bolsheviks he suffered a brain hemorrhage and he passed away and his successor was Joseph Stalin who was the leader of the Soviet Union and his method of rule his policies and what he did during his Reign is what we call as stalinism they can ask you this for one Mark what is stalinism okay so this is important to understand and he also implemented something known as collectivization right so what is collectivization now of course as you know right the economy was booming but there were still struggles now one such struggle that they played what what they had or what happened back then was although the economy was planned they were suffering from shortage of food grades they did not have enough food okay now what happened was two things I told you government fixed prices for Commodities they said that okay everything has to be sold now when they fix the prices the prices were very low for selling which means if I want 40 rupees of basmati rice garment is telling no no you sell like maybe 20 rupees so for me it's a very low selling price as a you know businessman I'm not making much right and peasants of course were like no I will not sell I want to sell at 40 rupees but what happened was they were not able to figure out why this shortage of grain is happening so then some people thought that okay these rich people who are there the rich peasants no maybe they are holding it or they are collecting it and they're keeping it maybe that is happening and as a result right because he was he thought that the rich people were holding it he sent out party workers to forcefully collect from the rich presence right so these rich peasants are called as clubs you need to remember this term because in your textbook also you'll have a question saying write few sentences about collags who are collags they are well-known Farmers they are the rich farmers and they were believed to be holding the food food grains during the shortage of food grains now they were warned against holding it and what did they do whatever these kulaks owned right they took all the farms and they kept it under them they took all the land away and instead what did they do so they said give me all your land I will give you land and you can you know um cultivate or grow in these large lands so that is what they did but then later they realized that that is not the reason the fact that they were holding was not really the reason the fact was there was no production of grains due to smaller Farms right that's why they made those large farms and land could not be modernized so they were not able to figure out how to utilize the land right or how can we divide it yes so which is why they started having these established state control large bombs now that collecting what he did right where he brought these large farms under him is what we call as collectivization where in 1929 peasants were forced to work on Collective Farms that were called as called cause right so all these Farms small small farms put together made a large farm and this is what they called as a call cause which is what comes under collectivization and land and of course implements were transferred to ownership of collective farms and Farmers worked together so they work together they share the profit right yes but even then see they thought they were doing a right thing for the people but what happened was despite this also there were some struggles okay because what happened was the farmer The Peasants did not want to work collectively and as a result there was a lot of backlash from The Peasants okay so what did The Peasants do they attacked livestock the cat and as a result you know the cattle numbers fell down peasants wanted to work on Independent Farms now they're like we don't want to walk in those skull cops right we don't want to walk as a collector Collective thing we want to work independently now there's a lot of backlash and that's why Stalin gave in also and he said okay you take but when he gave independent Farms the independent Farms that he gave no these bombs were you know very low Quality Farms I would say so the land was not of good quality and they had to pay higher taxes also so disorder he was really doing them a favor but he was just like take it if you are protesting so much you take it now this coupled with bad Harvest led to a lot of people dying due to starvation now this of course the whole idea of collectivization was of course met with a lot of criticism they accused that you know socialism that was there is not really working and there's a lot of criticism to how Stalin was doing it and of course towards the end of World War II when did that happen he ruled as a dictator towards the end he became a dictator so see we started off from monarchy there were attempts of a socialist society right and then of course we saw that it led into dictatorship so this is the story of Russia and how the Russian Revolution took place right but now after everything Ma'am why why are we learning about this Russian Revolution because it had an impact a global impact because these ideologies actually were fired right it was all triggered by the working class of people right and communist parties not just started forming in Russia but it started forming in different parts of the world and if you see here the Bolsheviks formed an international Union conferences were held and of course this influenced many non-russians to take part and of course post this the Communist Party fell right the USSR that is there much later late 1950s the Communist communism or the idea of socialism fell it did not really sustain but what was the learning from all of that is that the ideology so in places like Britain and of course in places like India the Communists who were there started to rethink socialism they started to figure out okay if we want to build a socialist society how do we do it right so that is a whole point of this particular chapter yes you come back and watch the video right yes so everybody I think I I kept my promise I told you 240 it's 2 43 but with this we are done with this chapter so how are you all feeling about this easy hair right how many of you are feeling that this is much better I know today's class was long almost two hours I would have taken two two and a half hours but main thing is for me to take this time to teach you these points right because I'll tell you what many Concepts get confusing but now you know right we now know impact of socialism then we know about how in 1905 the Bloody Sunday that was there what was its impact and how it led to the February Revolution and how this led to the abdication of Throne then of course the uprising of the Bolsheviks and that leading to the October Revolution right which led to the overpowering and overthrowing of the provisional government then after that this resulted in civil war between the Bolsheviks and the whites and the greens and of course in the end how there was a rise of stalinism are we clear yes too much info in this chapter I know but now I have broken down this information right we need to break it down and then learn it and then of course it will get easy which is why here's a homework question for all of you right I want you to quickly give me the I have the answer in the PDF but I want you to write this answer for me right question time what were the main okay I will write the question so what word I think it's there with me I'll give you a textbook question only so that you can answer yes all right so this is your homework question okay so what were the Main changes which were brought about foreign for four marks if you were to write this answer how will you write it in the comment section okay this is your homework question for the day of course with this we come to the end of today's class I will not take time this is there for you as well in the PDF it will be there to help you out and with this we come to the end now of course everybody do not forget to register for the English classes for those of you who keep keep telling me Mom your English is really good if you also want to improve on your English please make sure that you Avail the baiju spoken English classes it's available especially for ninth grade right this is a paid program but nonetheless if you want to try it out you can try it out there are Cambridge certified teachers teaching you and of course you know that we've got you covered no matter what right so like this video please share this with your friends and stay subscribed to our channel right yes so simran I think if you've not attended this part what I would say is you rewind this video and watch the part and give me the answer yes so did you all enjoy today's class Sunday to us and now socialism is in my pocket right yes thank you so much everybody for being such amazing students I know that history is a little tough chapter to learn sometimes but don't worry okay like we are here with you we'll all help you out with social studies okay yes all right everyone so I think with this we can wind up right hoping to see you all very very soon again bye everybody