Computer Basics Course Notes

Course Overview

• Designed for beginners and those wanting to fill knowledge gaps.
• Developed by GCF Global.
• Topics organized by time codes for easy navigation.

What is a Computer?

• An electronic device that manipulates information or data.
• Represents data as ones and zeros; can create complex outputs like movies or websites.

Hardware vs Software

• Hardware: Physical components (e.g., monitor, keyboard).
• Software: Instructions that tell hardware what to do (e.g., web browsers, media players).

Types of Personal Computers

• Personal Computers (PCs): Desktop or laptop.
• Operating Systems:
  • Windows (most common)
  • MacOS (for Macintosh computers)
  • Chrome OS (Chromebooks)
  • Mobile Devices: iOS (Apple) and Android.

Other Computer Types

• Servers: Deliver information over a network.
• Smart Devices: TVs, game consoles, and appliances (e.g., smart refrigerators).

Common Buttons and Ports

• Power Button: Universal location varies.
• Power Socket: Connects power cord (laptops have charging ports).
• USB Ports: For various devices (keyboards, printers, drives).
• Monitor Port: Different types (HDMI, USB-C) for desktop connections.
• Ethernet Port: Connects to the internet via cable.
• Audio Jack: For headphones or speakers.
• Disk Drive: Older computers may have CD/DVD drives.

Basic Computer Components

• Computer Case: Holds internal components; often a tower design.
• Monitor: Displays images, text, and content.
• Keyboard & Mouse: Input devices; types and styles vary.
• Laptops: Combine components into a portable unit.

Inside the Computer

• Motherboard: Main circuit board with CPU and RAM.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the computer.
• RAM (Random Access Memory): Short-term memory for calculations.
• Hard Drive: Long-term storage for files; magnetic or solid-state.
• Power Supply Unit: Converts wall outlet power for computer use.

Laptops vs Desktops

• Portability: Laptops are designed to be portable.
• Setup: Laptops are ready to use upon opening, while desktops require more setup.
• Battery: Laptops have built-in batteries; desktops do not.
• Screen Size: Desktops typically have larger monitors.

Operating Systems

• Programs that allow interaction with the computer.
• Common operating systems include Windows and MacOS.
• Mobile operating systems include iOS and Android.

Applications (Apps)

• Software programs on devices for various tasks or entertainment.
• Examples include Google Maps, Microsoft Word, and web browsers.

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

1. Unpack all components.
2. Connect the monitor using the appropriate cable.
3. Plug in the keyboard and mouse (USB or wireless).
4. Connect speakers/headphones.
5. Plug in power cables and turn on the computer.

Internet Connection Types

• Dial-up: Slow connection via phone line.
• DSL & Cable: Faster broadband options.
• Fiber: Fastest broadband connection using fiber optics.
• Cellular: Mobile internet options available at home.

Setting Up a Wireless Home Network

• Requires a wireless router connected to a modem.
• Follow router instructions to set up a network name (SSID) and password.
• Connect devices via Wi-Fi or Ethernet.

Cloud Storage

• Saves files on internet servers instead of local storage.
• Access files from any internet-connected device.
• Services include Google Drive, Dropbox, and cloud backup options.

Cleaning Your Computer

• Turn off/unplug before cleaning.
• Use compressed air and cloths with rubbing alcohol for keyboards and monitors.
• Avoid liquids directly on electronic parts.
• Regularly clean to maintain performance.

Computer Security

• Protect against malware with antivirus software (e.g., Norton, Kaspersky).
• Keep software updated and avoid suspicious downloads.
• Backup files regularly (external drives, online services).

Ergonomics

• Make workspace comfortable to avoid strain.
• Adjust keyboard and monitor height.
• Take breaks and practice good posture.

Safe Browsing Practices

• Check domain names to avoid malicious websites.
• Use antivirus and keep browsers updated.
• Be cautious with email and avoid phishing scams.

Digital Tracking and Privacy

• Advertisers track browsing habits using cookies and digital profiles.
• Limit data collection through browser settings and be aware of privacy concerns.

Using Windows and macOS Interfaces

• Familiarize with desktop, taskbar, and menu options.
• Learn to navigate files, applications, and settings.

Web Browsing Basics

• Use the address bar to type URLs.
• Open, close, and bookmark tabs as needed.
• Use history to revisit sites.

These notes provide a comprehensive overview of the key concepts covered in the computer basics course. Use them for reviewing and revisiting the information learned.