hi everybody welcome to Chapter four you've successfully made it through the very first unit test but I don't really want you to get a false sense of security I feel like that first unit chapters one two and three only two of those had medical terms so usually the first test is kind of the highest-scoring one with that said that leads us into Chapter four this unit is going to contain chapter four fourteen and fifteen all together and there's some pretty heavy-duty chapters so you're gonna be kind of flooded with medical terms and I gotta say I love the integumentary system but in my personal opinion this is probably the hardest and possibly most boring chapter out of the entire textbook that's just my personal opinion for those of you who are gonna be future dermatologists this is totally for you but I just want you to mentally strap yourselves in to learn a whole lot of conditions about a whole lot of different things that can go wrong with your skin so here we go here are just some intro fun facts sorry I've hidden my face at this point just because I don't want to black any of the info but um I read these and I kind of get creeped out just a little bit um every month we get a whole new layer of skin and we actually shed about 40 pounds of skin in our life that's a little crazy um and your eyelids are made of skin obviously and that's the thinnest part in your whole body an average adult give or take has about 20 square feet of skin it is your largest organ in your whole body so we need to take care of it and that also means that there's a lot of things that can go wrong with it so first we're just going to kind of orient you to the general anatomic structures of the integumentary system so that that way when we put medical terms to it you will kind of have a basis for reference what is the integumentary system do step one be able to say in commentary but just fancy word for skin system and if you think about what the skin does for you it protects you from you know harmful invaders like bacteria or other organisms it's a physical barrier just as it holds things out it also holds things in so it prevents water loss it also acts as a barrier of protection from UV light so when you're out you know tanning or going into the Sun it kind of protects you from that UV radiation to a point it also has provided other things like helping you regulate your body temperature if you think about when you get really cold you start shivering if you're hot you start sweating those are all integumentary system functions and it also makes vitamin D which is another one of those essential vitamins that we need and you get that by going out into the Sun alright so I said it's basically the skin system which is that main component but there are other things involved so your nails are considered part of the system so is your hair and then there's going to be a couple glands that are associated with it like your sweat glands for example and we're gonna go into it in a bit so here's the the key picture that goes along with skin usually it's the same one from your book I am NOT going to make you memorize this crazy picture it's important to know some key parts but I'm not gonna make you know the nitty-gritty of where every single thing is if you've had an enamine before then maybe you are already tuned into what all of these structures are but just take a look we're going to talk about and give medical terms to a bunch of these things but I think the picture might be a little intimidating alright so the epidermis there's going to be what we will find is kind of two layers of skin and then below the epidermis is that outer layer and that's when you know when you look down in your arm that's the skin that we see it is composed of keratin which is kind of a that is hard and it's that kind of outer layer of the skin that flakes off and it can be fairly thick if you've ever for example you know cut yourself without bleeding you'll notice in the picture there's no blood vessels in the outer layer then you're really just cutting through that epidermis below that is the dermis if you didn't know Appy means above so that's why the outer layer is called the epidermis and then what we call the true skin where those blood vessels and you know hair follicles and sweat glands are all located that's called the dermis it's the inner layer of the skin all right the glands that we're gonna be talking about are going to be the sweat glands and the oil glands and of course they have medical fancier terms that go with them so the sweat glands are called sudoriferous glands and you can kind of see them in the picture as these I don't even know how to describe it maybe a a pile of whipped cream kind of or cool shaving cream but it's a tiny coiled tube like structure and then they come and pop out through pores on the skin's surface so that way when you're get hot you can really sweat they also like to get clogged and cause a skin problem the oil glands are called your sebaceous glands and that's because they secrete oil which in medical terms is called sebum and they secrete oil both into your hair follicles where your hair shaft goes through the dermis so where it happens to poke through mostly for lubrication purposes it secretes oil but that's also why if you don't wash your hair for a while then it starts to get kind of oily and if you think about it on your face then you can get acne as well there are a few accessory structures of the skin that kind of go along with this and they've been mentioned already but obviously we have the hair because it is poking right through the dermis and epidermis and this is composed of keratinized cells so the hair follicle kind of produces that and then it shoots through the dermis and epidermis we also have nails that actually originate in your epidermis if any of you have ever been fortunate enough to close your finger in a door or some other reason lose your nail it will grow back but there's also no blood usually involved because it comes from the epidermis and obviously I would hope you realize that they are on your fingers and your toes so now that you got a general gist of what the key pieces of the system are now we're gonna put some medical parts to those and build words from there so in your book the very first table you will find is going to be on page 87 and these are the combining forms you'll notice that there are three different combining forms that all mean skin so cute a neo is really used for talking about like subcutaneous meaning under the skin it's not used a whole lot outside of that dermo and der motto both of those means skin also but I always think of like a dermatologist and so on so we'll get to some terms that that's more a little bit used for where you think of epidermis and dermis hydro this is why spelling is very important because hydro with a Y means water in this case hydro with an eye means sweat so it's loosely like water if that's how you want to remember it so there's gonna be conditions of too much sweating everyone's known someone that's probably an excessive sweater and so on Kirito means horny tissue it sounds weird but it pretty much just means hard tissue so when you think of how hard your dermis is and that your hair and nails are made out of keratin that's where it comes from to super hard combining forms to pronounce both mean nail we have on eco and um glow nine out of ten times you're going to use the first one on eco um go is gonna pop out once or twice as we talked about words SIBO if you think about sebum and the sebaceous glands that's where this comes from SIBO means oil so just as a little guide for your own self on that same page in your book there's a diagram I think I put it on the printout diagrams just for you to kind of label and have for yourself this is in debt as in-depth as a picture is I would give you for the skin but see if you can go through and tell yourself what the combining forms are for each one of these I'll give you a minute so as we just talked about in number one the horny tissue that's that hard outer portion so that's the keratin so Cara toe would be the combining form hair is going to be something that we haven't really talked about in here but we'll get to so I'm not really sure why it's in there is a word but then we have skin and that's got your three pieces so we have D'Amato dermo and cute a neo sebaceous glands is gonna be stibo sudoriferous or your sweat glands think of sweat is being wet so hydro with an eye alright so this brings us to combining forms that aren't really talking about the structures but really go along with it and in terms of what's going on with the skin so Auto means self you might have learned that from other classes or your life up to this point bio like biology means life so the study of life would be biology Canio Canio means dust so a lot of times there could be different forms of dust in the air and that could get into your skin or you could breathe it in so that's why we have that crypto if you think about something being cryptic it's hidden so we're gonna find instances of things hidden hetero like heterozygous means different you're thinking back to biology once upon a time or other Mico means fungus so again pointing out in the last unit we had my o if you just removed the C and that meant muscle but now we have my Co and that means fungus so gross but true you can have different kinds of fungal infections of this game necro necro means death of the cells so I always think of that flesh-eating bacteria the necrotize using fasciitis sounds like a couple Grey's Anatomy episode pacquiao means thick which is why for example elephants and rhinoceroses very nice or I are called pachyderms because they have such thick skin but you could have thick hair for example and have that is a term right Tito means wrinkles so when you're talking about doing surgery to remove wrinkles for example also known as a facelift you could call it a ride Tito plasti staff aloe and strep toe you might have heard before Staffel oh and strep toe are the physical appearance of different bacteria usually so staff aloe are the little grape like clusters where a strep toe are twisted chains and then last but not least zero means dry so if you have dry skin for example then you would come up with this word take a moment I would say go through exercise four or five get a good idea of using these one words at least once because then we're going to go through the prefixes and suffixes and then at that point you should be able to build all of the words that are from word parts in this chapter we're now to the prefixes there's not a whole lot and I feel like some of them are common sense for example epi means above or on so the epidermis is on top of the regular layer of skin intra means within I think in the first chapter just as an example we had intravenous or within the vein para means beside or around it also means beyond or abnormal but really what we're gonna talk about it means kind of like adjacent to or next shoe per means through so for example if we have percutaneous that means through the skin sub means under so if we had subcutaneous and that means you would go under the skin and trans means through across beyond so in that regard / and trans do both mean through oh it's just one of them is used in certain terms a little bit more than others this brings us to the suffixes and I know you've been getting a lot of suffixes but it's really setting you up because the entire rest of the book continues to use these same suffixes a at the end of a word doesn't actually change the meaning really in any way it just turns whatever it is into a noun I'm trying to think for example xeroderma would be the condition of dry skin that a there at the end is really meant to turn it into a noun or turn it into a condition instead of an action for example caucus has to do with the shape of a bacteria so caucus has to do with berry shaped so that's when you can combine it with staph aloe or strep toe depending on what kind of shape those bacteria are in ectomy means removal so you're going to be removing something that's going to be universal for all of the different chapters of the book ia yeah and that means a condition or an abnormal state so it might not necessarily be a full-blown disease but it's a some kind of condition that you have at that point itis means inflammation I always think of appendicitis for inflammation of your appendix but if you think in the grand scheme of your body lots of different things can be inflamed Malaysia is number six there Malaysia means softening so sometimes harder structures can become diseased and get softer we'll see that in a couple of different things op C means a viewing or view of so I think of an autopsy or a biopsy Fei Jia this is a little bit different than what we've seen previously in the other unit where we had plasia this is Fei Jia and when you're saying them they sound a lot alike but they are spelled differently which is another reason that swelling is so important in this case Fei jab means eating or swallowing and I always think of it seems weird and it's gonna get a gross term when we get to it but nail-biters myself included sometimes you're technically eating your nails so you would use Fei Jia plasti means a surgical repair so we're gonna see that when we get to those surgical turns this is really that first chapter that we're going through all the different types of terms Riya always think a diarrhea first but Riya means a flow or discharge please note that there are two R's RR h EI and there's going to be in this context think of flow or discharge of sweat or oil last on the list is tome and that's another surgical term that's the instrument that is being used to cut so if you're doing some kind of plasti surgical repair your instruments could be suffixed with home that's a lot take a moment look at exercise eight exercise nine see if you can you know wrap your brain around the prefixes and suffixes and then when you're ready go ahead hit play again we're going to move on to all of the diseases and disorders that put these parts together a final note before we move on like I mentioned the suffix a changes something into an out but that's it doesn't have a meaning in and of itself so if I said pachyderm the pachyderm Nia then that would mean harder skin if I said xeroderma then that would mean dry skin I could also say urethral derma if we remember back to the last unit your wreath row is a color it means red so if your skin is you know excessively right or carries an excessively red tone to it you could also have leuco dharma for white skin or xantho derma for yellow skin xantho derma is actually we'll learn later on is another term used for jaundice I think of some of you have heard that before where you know your skin turns yellow because you're having some liver issues review question which of the following means eating or swallowing looking at these you should be picking B fab Jia we are now to the actual diseases and disorders that put all the word parts together but don't worry sadly there's gonna be quite a list of ones that are not built from word parts okay so looking at these this is going to be combining different parts from this chapter and the ones that have come before it so just if you see something in part of one of these words that you don't immediately recognize from you know this PowerPoint for example then that means it has come before so we probably covered it in Chapter two or chapter three at this point just bringing your attention to a couple of these I don't really feel like I need to go through every single one because we've gone through the different parts but we have derma and der motto kind of interchange in different ones when you're going to write these words great if you are a hundred percent certain of which one goes where sometimes it's hard to know so as long as you are using a word part that means the right thing then I won't discount you any points for that but one example would be Dermott Oh Connie OSIS osis is abnormal condition and then you go back abnormal condition of the skin but we still have Connie oh so that abnormal condition of the skin caused by dust we can have tumors of the skin so we have dermatophyte alma so that would be a fibrous tumor of the skin let's see you can have smooth skin which would be Leo derma you can have different colored skin which I kind of covered on the previous slide you can have nail issues which is why we have all of those on eco words for example on eco crypto --ss literally means a condition of an condition of a hidden Neal what that translates to in layman's terms would be an ingrown nail one that's growing so that you can't actually really see it if you have soft nails then you could have an eco Malizia if you have a fungal infection of your nails you can have on eco mycosis if you're a nail eater then that's where you get on eco hey Jia I put a little asterisk next to pear on Tia because it's one example where the a on para as a prefix has been dropped because on Iike her on eco has a vowel in the beginning so that's one example of where it just kind of has been dropped but that whole word prong Kia means a diseased state around the nail for some reason see Berea RIA is that excessive discharge in this case of sebum or oil so for those people that have oily skin seborrhea would be what we would call that and so on so take a moment especially with these words you know exercise 11 or exercise 12 page 93 94 take some time to really work through breaking apart these words and what they mean before you continue as I mentioned before her aankia the a got chopped off it doesn't happen all the time but because the word root started with a vowel in this case it just got taken off to sound a little bit more flowy some example pictures dermatitis is actually pretty common and there's different types of dermatitis one common one is contact dermatitis so that's you know something rubbing on your skin causing inflammation in this picture it could be from your pants button for example or maybe a watch it's happened to me with my watch before if you get kind of sweaty and your watch is rubbing on your skin eventually you might get some kind of dermatitis from that the other one is seborrheic dermatitis so this has to do with the oily skin so sometimes the excessive oil on the skin can cause you to break out makes your skin inflamed all kinds of fun stuff especially for a teenager to review before moving forward the left picture gross I know but fairly common a fungal infection of the nail thinking back to what those mean abnormal condition we always start defining at the end would be OSIS nail there are multiple words for nail but we're pretty much gonna use on eco that's a very hard one to spell so make sure you keep looking that up oh and why CH oh and then fungus is Mike oh my seal number two there you can see is diseased state around the nail that's that word that we've been talking recently about Perrin Kea okay so everything up to this point is in your flashcards not the full words but all of those word parts are there for you now we get to these words and this is really our first time getting full-blown medical words that are not from word parts and it's gonna be tricky and there's a lot of them if you're a flashcard person please make flashcards for these if you are not a flashcard person then do whatever you need whether it's the quizlets listening to me talk about these or so on but these ones are not really easily broken down you're gonna have to straight memorize them and they do get a little tricky so kind of going through in abrasion is any kind of scrape on the skin so you rubbed up against something and it kind of scraped a layer off your skin it's not a cut it's not a bruise we'll get to those it's just kind of a scraping away of the skin you scraped your knee falling down that kind of thing an abscess is a collection of pus in one area many reasons that can happen but that's what it is acne you guys are teenagers you know what acne is but the reason we get acne is really that the sebaceous glands become inflamed or infected or whatever so they create acne as a result the next word is hacen actinic keratosis I can pronounce that correctly and that is where you're out in the Sun too long and what happens is then you get kind of that extra rough because it's got carrot Oh meaning horny tissue so if you're out in the skin too long you might get patches of kind of extra hard skin and it might lead to eventual skin cancer if you're not careful albinism or if someone is an albino then that is a congenital condition where they're missing pigment pigment in the skin the pigment that is missing is called melanin and that's really what allows our skin to turn darker in the Sun but that pigment is also in the hair which is why albinos have white hair and it's in the eyes which is why albinos have reddish tinted eyes this brings me to basal cell carcinoma abbreviated bcc a Sonoma as we learned in Chapter two is a cancerous tumour I guess as skin cancer is involved this is I guess the good one to have it's a still malignant tumor but it comes out of the epidermis it usually doesn't spread so usually in this case they they can remove it and you're okay it rises from excessive sun exposure so if you are out in the Sun too long this could be one result so a lot of people get it on their shoulders on their nose if you didn't know Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world because of the ozone hole and so they're getting the highest percentage of UV radiation and this brings us to the next word pandu ta cysts it's a mouthful most of the time doctors and nurses just call it thrush but it's a fungal infection that infects the skin in the mouth but it's a yeast fungal infection if you didn't know yeast is a fungus and when it begins to over grow in areas then it can cause an infection it's pretty common in infants and young children too okay next we get to one silly word carbuncle and that is a group of boils which I'm gonna skip over to the word fir uncle because that is an individual boil what is a boil well it's kind of a little nodule on your skin or a little bump and that's caused by a staph infection in your hair follicle so a boil can arise it's kind of like acne that's not on your face your hair follicle gets infected and can cause a little bump if you have one of those it's called a fir uncle if you have a collection or a group of then it is cause called a carbuncle I guess they're carpooling I don't know but whoever came up with these words is next we have cellulitis inflammation of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue it can be for a bunch of different reasons most of the time it's some kind of infection but it makes your skin hurt it makes it warm it swells it gets red it's it's more of a generic term contusion is a fancy word for a bruise before we had an abrasion where that's a scrape this is really where there's no break in the skin but you do get that broken blood vessel discoloration so you know you fell and bumped something and that would be a contusion the next word is eczema it's spoiled a little funny but that is not infectious it's not an infection but it is a inflammatory skin condition pretty common among a lot of people but it usually allows you to have dry skin it can be red gives you little itchy and blisters sometimes there's special creams that commonly get prescribed for people with eczema fissured is the next word it's just a switch or crack like sore in the skin a lot of times this happens maybe in you know Wisconsin winter you haven't been moisturizing your hands you get a little crack in the skin that would be a fissure I already covered a fur uncle gangrene I feel like you've heard this before it's where an area of tissue dies and most of the time it's because the blood supply is cut off after a bacterial infection so you get some kind of super nasty bacterial infection and you have to cut off blood supply and then that area of tissue dies it's a form of necrosis or shoot death I'm sure you could Google some nasty pictures of that herpes automatically think of STD but it does go in the skin chapter as well because it can give you cold sores cold sores are from the herpes simplex one virus it can give you fever blisters other things like that if you've ever had a cold sore that's what that's called in pedigo is the next one and that gives you a superficial skin infection by little pustules so again you get little radiused bumps your picture does give you some good pictures of what these different things look like it kind of looks like different scabs in different areas of your body infection you should really know what infection is there's some kind of pathogen that has entered your body and it's causing some kind of drama sadly there's more to the list a Posey sarcoma as we learned previously a sarcoma is going to be a tumor or a cancerous tumor and in this case it gives purple or brown papules which is the word that we will learn in different areas of the body it's a common consequence of AIDS so individuals with AIDS commonly get these little nodules all over them laceration is the fancy word for saying kind of a cut it's torn or jagged edge wound so it's not necessarily a clean cut but you know you sliced yourself open you're bleeding that kind of a lesion is a generic term for any visible change in the tissue so because it's so general if you say you have a lesion that could be Soares it could be a wound it could be a tumor it could be an ulcer it's just a super generic term for something is not right with your skin the next word is mersa infection MRSA is an acronym it stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus so this is one of those nasty bacteria that is resistant to a very common line of antibiotics and can give you different types of infections can get into the bloodstream give you pneumonia it can be fatal if left untreated it can sometimes be common in hospitals because it can travel around next we have pediculosis fancy word for lice so the little lice bugs infest ear your hair you know the rest you get the special shampoo and eventually you know five to six washes later you are free from pediculosis next we have psoriasis the P is silent and it's a very tricky spelling so be careful psoriasis is where you get these silvery scales kind of all over in different parts of your body you might have seen medication commercials for plaque psoriasis I think there's some pictures in your book about it - we'll get to next we have scabies which just sounds gross because it is oh I skipped one I'll come back scabies is caused by a mite so you get this little tiny itch mite that burrows into your skin oh and ladies eggs and it gets to be super itchy I accidentally skipped the word rosacea which is a pretty common condition when I hear the word rosacea I instantly think of rosy cheeks because it's a chronic problem that gives you URI Thema or a redness of the skin it can also give you you know raised bumps and other things like that scleroderma that's where you have a hardening of this skin so if your skin gets progressively harder in the connective tissue and other things that you have scleroderma will get to sclera again when we get to the eye squamous cell carcinoma I had talked before about basal cell carcinoma this is another form of skin cancer this is a not-so-nice kind it is malignant similar to basal cell carcinoma it comes from the layer of the epidermis but this one is more prone to metastasizing so having squamous cell is worse and again all a result of too much UV exposure out in the Sun next we have systemic lupus erythematosus who long word which is why we call it SL e it's a chronic inflammatory disease that covers a lot of different things your skin your joints your kidneys it's really an autoimmune disorder so your body is kind of attacking itself one of that's usually what the term lupus is talking about and because skin is one of those consequences you put it here tanea is the fancy word for ringworm or athlete's foot the tanea is a fungal infection and it could doobie in your nails more like athlete's foot or in between your toes it can be in your hair it can be in your skin itself in all different areas so normally we call it ringworm or athlete's but but tanea in general would be a fungal infection of your skin next we have you to carry a fancy word for hives so when you break out in hives which are really a little itchy bumps called wheels an individual hive is called a wheel but when you get a bunch of them together then you have utak area and it's oftentimes associated with allergic reactions but can't go with things like panic attacks and certain diseases things like that the last one is vitiligo and that is when you have white patches on the skin so the melanin and melano sites that make melanin in your skin are responsible for producing that pigment that gives you that tannish color when those particular cells die then you lose all that pigment and you get kind of white patches there is a picture in your book as well so when you get to page like 78 excuse me 98 and 99 you can see what a couple of these pictures look like that's a lot of words a lot of similar-sounding different disorders please take a moment work on the exercises 15/16 really get an idea of what's going on before we move into the next area I beg you please pause now before you continue it just as a review we have a couple pictures here so a is the actinic keratosis so that little hardened patch usually from the Sun but you can always think of sometimes too we get those kind of it looks like a callous I would say B is the mmm not so nice kind squamous cell carcinoma C basal cell carcinoma so B and C are both types of skin cancer not really mentioned or accidentally skipped it melanoma is the worst form of skin cancer and you can see it indeed it's called that because it be up here's as a black patch that's the highly invasive highly abundant type of skin cancer and then in a we have the Kaposi sarcoma so this is normally one of those consequence of AIDS where you get those purpley brown patches in certain areas of the body all right so on the left here we have what rosacea looks like so rosacea I think of rosiness so you can see how the face here and the cheeks are a little bit rosy for some reason I see this picture and think of Santa on the right hand side you have vitiligo so you can see in different areas or patches where are those melanocytes have died and then we have lost pigment in those areas alright so next your book kind of just will eventually launch into surgical terms but here I just wanted to break it down there are different kinds of infections or ways you can get your skin infected whether it's by a bacteria or a fungus or a parasite or a virus so I just gave you a couple examples of how you would file some of these different diseases under different types of infections and from your book here were a couple of those different types so impetu was one of those examples of a bacteria tanea was or ringworm slash athlete's foot was one of those examples of a fungus scabies was the parasite and herpes zoster also called shingles is a viral infection to review superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by staphylococci or streptococci is called that's a mouthful looking at the words staff and strap that should lead you to understand that it's a bacterial infection so hopefully then that will lead you to the bacterial type of skin disorder which is a pedigo all right who take a break if you haven't already but we are now moving on to surgical terms there's not a whole lot of them but these are the ones that are built from word parts and so if you think back to the beginning of the chapter all of these come from putting those together the first one biopsy means a view of life if you literally translate it but when we use it in practice a biopsy really means that you take a piece of tissue that you might think is cancerous look at it under a slide and determine if it's actually cancer or not cancer this happens all the time with skin growths moles that look irregular but it's really any organ all over the body it could be a blood sample that kind of thing um next we have D'Amato Auto plasti and dermat o hetero plasti both of them are surgical repair of the skin and just determines from where they come from so Auto means self and hetero means different these two terms are really used in the context of like a skin graft so if someone gets burned for example you take a piece of skin from another area and move it onto the burned area so if you're doing that from the same person like you take a chunk of leg skin and move it on to your arm that would be a Dermott o otoplasty or an autograft if you're taking it from another person or a cadaver for example and putting it on someone else then it would be a dramatic Adaro classy or allograft adder matted dermatome excuse me is an instrument used to cut skin a derma dope lasty is that surgical procedure it's the repair of the skin and that's a very generic term that could mean you know you're stitching up a laceration or you're doing a facelift the last two have righted as their word root so those are the wrinkles so a rhytidectomy means that you are removing wrinkles or rioted o plasti means that you're repairing they can kind of be used interchangeably to both mean facelift take a break we're doing exercise 21 and then we're gonna move on to the ones not from word parts okay there's not a whole lot but these words keep piling up from this whole chapter trust me I know there's a reason I said personally this is not the most an energetic and enthusiastic chapter first we have cauterization or cautery as its called this is where they use super hats or super cold and or it could be electrical or chemical to basically zap whatever it is whether it's a mole or a wart or something they're gonna use some process to zap it off cryo surgery is specifically using extreme cold usually they actually use liquid nitrogen to for example freeze a wart off of your skin debridement is when they remove dead tissue from an open wound so you are eight you know in an accident and you have an open wound or you had a burn and you know just surrounding junk and stuff gets in there in route to the hospital debridement is really when you take away all of the contamination or already dead tissue and basically clean up the wound dermabrasion a lot of you might do this at home called microdermabrasion basically where you scrape the dead skin off of the outer layer of your face or hands or arms in this case you're gonna remove you know skins it could be scars really that's more of the medical term here scars can often leave raised bumps in the scar area so the doctors basically use a very nice form of sandpaper and slowly begin to sand those away excision means to remove something by cutting whereas incision means that you are cutting into the wound using something sharp so if you're exercising you're taking it out if you're doing an incision you're going in kind of through cutting incision and drainage often go together and this is where you purposefully cut into a skin wound to drain whatever is inside whether it's pus or water or blood or whatever but for example if you had a blister and you purposefully cut into it to kind of drain all of the fluid from the inside in most instances it helps it heal faster laser surgery so similar to cauterization they're using a fancy beam of light to cut at the skin or burn the skin to destroy that harmful tissue the next one is an eponym it's named after a person from Wisconsin he came up with his own type of surgery so it's called Mohs surgery and really it's where you're trying to remove skin cancer and you take a very tiny kind of outline and then see if you got it all and if not then you take another little tiny margin around and see if you got it all and so on so it was really a way to minimize the amount of tissue needing to be removed to hopefully minimize scarring so you're not just you know being super cautious and removing a ton of skin just to be safe this was a way to really take the least amount of skin and still be equally effective the last word is suturing which you might know is to stitch up wounds so if you're doing any stitches then you are technically doing the action of suturing there's all different kinds of stitches to do and techniques for suturing but that's what the word means all right take a break I would recommend exercise 24 or 25 25 is matching always easier and then we're going to go on to the elementary turns if you don't remember complementary terms are words that kind of go along with these different diseases and disorders they're related it also includes different specialties of people that kind of thing in this category these are the ones from word parts so we're starting off you know dermatologists dermatology pretty straightforward dermatology as a profession is abbreviated derm all of these are from word parts so you should be able to put them together some of these are from previous chapters for example kereta genic genic if we remember means Purdue Seng Luco derma we've had before necrosis and so on some of these terms have to do with where an injection site might be I can't remember if I have a picture or not but one of the exercises kind of covers this different types of injections need to do need to be put in the skin at different spots so intra dermal would be within the skin meaning probably in between the epidermis and the dermis for example TB tests subcutaneous would be under the dermis and epidermis layers transdermal would be through the dermis and they all have their own little abbreviations so at least use these words once as you're working through some of the different exercises so you're on the page before we get to you the ones that are not built for parts here's just a refresher again caucus or cocci has to do with the berry shaped or circular shaped bacteria and they can either be arranged and like clusters or rot twisted chains so we have streptococcus and Staphylococcus again here are the different modes of injection so there's intra dermal which is right under that outer layer skin transdermal which could it means through the skin so that's oftentimes from a patch and then whatever medicine on the patch goes through the skin and into your system and then subcutaneous which is kind of how most of our vaccines are given you could also call it hypodermic we have hypodermic needles that also means the same thing below the skin okay we are now to the words that are not from worn parts okay so first we have alopecia which is a condition of loss of hair so if you've ever seen anyone that doesn't have any hair including your scalp and their eyebrows then they have alopecia bacteria you can figure that one out a fancy word for a scar is called a cicatrix sounds kind of cool but it is what it is like all not for more parts you just kind of have to memorize the word sometimes it sounds like what it is and sometimes it doesn't assist is a closed sac with fluid in it this is where you get into different nuances of words like a blister acne is actually considered a cyst because it has you know fluid inside cytomegalovirus or CMV is a virus it's just one that you know can come into your system oftentimes when you're sick caused by a herpes like virus diaphoresis so diamines through in this case diaphoresis means sweating so if you are sweating you are doing diaphoresis ecchymosis escape of blood into this game so often times when you get a bruise you're getting ecchymosis so that's why you get that blue discoloration because the blood from the broken blood vessels is kind of going into the skin it doesn't actually come out puffy swelling so if you are starting to accumulate fluid edema is just the generic term for kind of inflammation because of that uh you're a SEMA is redness it can be a general redness in any area but that's where the urethral piece comes in fungus you can figure that out in duration is an abnormal hard spot so if you have like an extra hard patch of skin or the underlying tissue that's what that's called jaundice it is also called xantho derma because it gives you that yellowing kind of skin and it can also happen in the whites of your eyes but it's a result of liver problems and you have excessive bile building up and that's what gives you that color keloid is an overgrowth of scar tissue so sometimes when you do get a scar if it's bad enough think of burn victims it can begin to grow up into a big bumpy scar which is on why they do that abrasion where they try to scale back or sand down those scars leukoplakia is where you have white spots or patches on your mucous membranes oftentimes like in the inside of your mouth it could mean cancer not necessarily then we have fancy words for common terms so we have a macule which is the fancy word for a freckle it's a flat dark spot on the skin so it's not elevated it's just a flat dark dot on your skin and then we have a nemeth which is a mole usually it's like a darkish brown or black if it is present when you're born then we call them birthmarks but you can get them you know after you are born then we have nodule which is a small not like mass that you can feel sometimes indicating cancer but not always pallor this paleness so if someone is you know getting sick they oftentimes look paler so their pallor has changed next we have takea oh I skipped one papule papule is a small solid skin elevation so this could be a basal cell carcinoma or a skin tag petechia or petechial hemorrhaging is a pinpoint skin hemorrhage so you might see tiny little blood vessels radiate radiating out oftentimes in the crime shows you know they have particular hemorrhaging in their eyes you can see all the red from their blood vessels that's what that's called a pressure injury is also called a bedsore it basically means that the skin has kind of been sat on so so long then it starts to cause irritation in ass or moving along we have pruritus and this is itching so if your skin is extra itchy for some reason that would be the term that you would use paratus they actually included this in this edition of the book that wasn't previously there Beaupre is small hemorrhages on the skin giving purple or red discoloration so it's blood disorders or it kind of goes along with idea of having a kenosis pustule is an elevation of skin that has plus so that can also be considered acne or an pedigo an ulcer is just when you erode the skin or the mucous membrane so you can have bed sores giving you ulcers that's why they're called pressure ulcers you can have canker sore which is technically an ulcer you can have an ulcer in your stomach Veruca is a fancy word for a wart it is an elevation that is caused by a virus actually if you didn't know warts are caused by viruses vesicle is a fancy word for a blister so this could be the shingles it could be from common contact dermatitis or other things but that's what I'm vesicle is virus I think you can figure it out and last but not least we have wheel which is a one singular hive we learned a couple of slides ago that a group of of hives is called utak area okay tunnel words please please please try exercise you know 32 33 34 there's a ton of words here that are all very very similar sounding so please take a break go through them look at the pictures see how they're broken down here's an example of one of those keloids where you have that overgrowth of scar tissue in this example it's from a burn here's an example of an ulcer as a reduced to Roma pressure injury so this person might have been bedridden lesions can come in many different categories or severity as I would say primary is just a physical change from a pathological origin what that means is you have some kind of skin infection from a bacteria or virus or something secondary means that the primary either got worse Laura you got a burn or something else vascular has specifically to do with blood vessels and the loss of blood into surrounding tissues those ones are also you know more intense so here's just a couple examples of how those terms might break down into those different categories primary are just little changes in the skin whether it's elevated or not secondary really has scars burning elevation of scars ulcers and then the vascular has to do with blood flowing out of the vessels from breaking or various needs your book has a pretty good breakdown of the different categories and I would say this table and of our group of words might be the hardest to keep straight in the whole book really like what is the difference between a macule and a papule and a nodule and a pustule and all of those different things it's gonna be hard so you're really gonna need to dedicate a lot of time to this or you have a wheel but then you have a group of wheels so it's due to karya or you have a fer uncle and a group of those is a carbuncle it's a lot I get it so looking at this what do we call a birthmark do we remember what we call a birthmark mole if you need to look back think about what that would be all right which one of these means sweating unless you're sweating blood into your tissues see is the correct answer diaphoresis it doesn't necessarily mean excessive sweating it's normal sweating all right we're to the end of the book or chapter we are now to the abbreviation if you look in your book on page 119 you will find all of the abbreviations that have kind of been sprinkled throughout so please definitely go through and look at those also at the end of every chapter there's those medical terms and contacts which I think are really helpful for tying all the different pieces or types of words together so here are those abbreviations a lot of them have to do with the different skin cancers that you can have there's different types of mersa whether it's kind of community got in our hospital gotten so please take a look at those a little bit this is one example of what that medical terms and context looks like you should be able to kind of read through this pronounce the words correctly know what they mean that kind of thing here's a couple extra questions related to the text and that brings us to the end again in the back of the book there are answers to every single workbook question in the chapter so please go through those double check your answers go through the quizlets and so on this is a very meaty and very difficult chapter