Examining Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait

Sep 8, 2024

Lecture Notes: Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait

Introduction

  • Location: National Gallery
  • Painting: Historically known as the "Arnolfini Wedding Portrait"
  • Current interpretation: Double portrait of a married couple

Discrepancies and Theories

  • Not a wedding but a portrayal of a married couple
  • A theory suggests it's a memorial portrait for a deceased woman
  • Subject: Italian merchant in Bruges

Bruges in the 15th Century

  • Economic significance: Thriving town
  • Portrait reflects wealth

Symbolism and Interpretation

  • Portrait possibly signifies legal authority given to the woman
  • Symbolism indicates an important event:
    • Joined hands
    • Shoes off: Sacred event
    • Single candle: Presence of God
  • Witnessing implied:
    • Two figures in the mirror
    • Artist's signature "Johannes van Eyck was here"

Artwork Analysis

  • Mirror: Central and compelling
    • Scenes from the Passion of Christ depicted
    • Tiny details painted with precision
  • Dog: Symbol of fidelity/loyalty
  • Clothing and Seasons:
    • Fur-lined clothing with fruit outside
    • Wealthy clothing interpreted despite the season
  • Oranges: Symbol of wealth, possibly imported by Arnolfini

Room Context

  • Misinterpretation: Bedroom was a social space, not private
  • Symbols of wealth:
    • Carpet
    • Fashionable clothing and lace

Artistic Technique

  • Oil Painting:
    • Van Eyck's innovation: Use of oil paint
    • Thin, multiple layers create deep, rich colors
    • Luminous and subtle light effects
  • Love of Light:
    • Attention to light and shadow
    • Rich textures and detail

Characteristics of the Northern Renaissance

  • Lack of anatomical correctness
  • Non-perspective correct space
  • Focus on texture and detail
  • Van Eyck as a master of Northern Renaissance

Conclusion

  • Van Eyck's painting is an iconic example of Northern Renaissance art, renowned for its use of symbolism, detail, and innovative oil painting techniques.