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Overview of Oral Antidiabetic Agents

May 10, 2025

Oral Antidiabetic Agents Overview

Introduction

  • Presenter: Cathy with LevelUp RN
  • Video Purpose: Cover oral antidiabetic agents, aimed at helping students with pharmacology flashcards.
  • Takeaways:
    • Quiz at the end to test knowledge.
    • Likely blooper reel for entertainment.

Key Points Before Drug Classes

  • Type 2 Diabetes Use:
    • Oral antidiabetic agents are used for Type 2 Diabetes only.
    • Type 1 Diabetes requires insulin, not oral agents.
  • Hypoglycemia Risk:
    • Common side effect if the dose is too high, leading to low blood sugar.

Sulfonylureas

  • Medications: Glipizide, Glyburide
  • Mechanism of Action: Increase insulin release from the pancreas.
  • Contraindication: Sulfa allergy.
  • Side Effects:
    • Hypoglycemia (tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, headache, weakness)
    • Photosensitivity
    • GI upset
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take 30 minutes before a meal.
    • Avoid alcohol.
    • Use sunscreen due to photosensitivity.
  • Memory Aid: "Riding down a slide" (lowers blood sugar, outdoors = photosensitivity).

Meglitinides

  • Medication: Repaglinide
  • Mechanism of Action: Similar to sulfonylureas, increases insulin release.
  • Side Effects:
    • Hypoglycemia
    • Angina
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take three times daily.
    • Eat within 30 minutes of administration.
  • Memory Aid: "Pageant" (chest pain, dizziness - symptoms of hypoglycemia and angina).

Biguanides

  • Medication: Metformin
  • Mechanism of Action:
    • Decreases liver glucose production.
    • Increases glucose uptake by cells.
  • Side Effects:
    • GI upset
    • Metallic taste
    • Lactic acidosis (diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension, weakness, bradycardia)
  • Patient Teaching:
    • Take with a meal.
    • Avoid alcohol.
    • Discontinue 48 hours before procedures requiring NPO or contrast dye.
  • Memory Aid: "Foreman with metal thermos" (metallic taste, onset of symptoms).

Quiz

  1. Oral antidiabetics can be used with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. True or False?
    • Answer: False (only for type 2 diabetes).
  2. What is a key side effect of many oral antidiabetic agents?
    • Answer: Hypoglycemia.
  3. What oral antidiabetic agent carries a risk for lactic acidosis?
    • Answer: Metformin.

Conclusion

  • Engagement: Encouragement to leave comments and like the video.
  • Additional Resources: Subscribe and share channel link with classmates for more valuable content.

Full transcript