Digestive System Overview: Esophagus and Stomach

Esophagus

• Function: Transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
• Structure: A tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.

Diaphragm

• Role: A sheet of muscle through which the esophagus passes.
• Esophageal Opening: The esophagus leads into the stomach through a hole in the diaphragm.

Stomach Entry

• Valve: A round muscle at the bottom of the esophagus acts as a valve.
  • Function: Relaxes when swallowing to allow food into the stomach.
  • Closure: Designed to close tightly to prevent backflow into the esophagus.

Stomach

• Acid Release: Proton pumps release acid to aid digestion.
• Protection: The stomach lining protects it from acid damage.

Esophagus Lining

• Structure: Appears as smooth tiles, different from stomach lining.

Acid Reflux

• Definition: Occasional acid splash into the esophagus (reflux).
  • Normalcy: Small amounts typically cause no harm.
• Damage Risk: Repeated acid exposure over years can damage the esophagus.

Causes of Reflux

• Weak Valve: Less effective closure allows acid and food back into the esophagus.
• Diaphragm Weakness: Leads to a larger hiatus (hole).
  • Hiatal Hernia: Part of the stomach bulges through an enlarged hiatus.
  • Effect: Increases likelihood of reflux as diaphragm no longer reinforces the valve.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

• Definition: Frequent acid and food splashing into the esophagus.
• Components:
  • Gastro: Refers to the stomach or gastric system.
  • Esophageal: Pertains to the esophagus.

Mayo Clinic

• Recognition: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology rated number one by US News and World Report.
• Appointments: Visit mayoclinic.org for appointment requests.