Introduction to Computer Networking Fundamentals

Oct 3, 2024

Lecture Notes: Introduction to Computer Networking

Section 1, Chapter 1 Overview

  • Goals of the Introductory Material:
    • Provide a broad overview of computer networking (big picture).
    • Introduce essential vocabulary and concepts that will be covered in detail later.

Key Topics to be Covered

  1. What is the Internet?
  2. What is a Protocol?
  3. Network Edge:
    • Hosts
    • Access network
    • Physical media
  4. Network Core:
    • Circuit switching (traditional telephone network)
    • Packet switching (basis for the internet)
  5. Network Structure:
    • Internet as a "network of networks"
    • Network performance (packet loss, delay, throughput)
  6. Protocol Layers:
    • Decomposing complex systems for discussion
    • Service model provided by networks
  7. Network Security
  8. History of Computer Networks:
    • Development prior to the internet

Exploring the Internet

  • What is the Internet?
    • Different views depending on who you ask.
    • Engineering View:
      • A structural approach focused on components.
      • Devices at the Edge:
        • Hosts or end systems (e.g., computers, smartphones, smart appliances).
        • Devices connected include gaming systems, health devices, vehicles, smart appliances, etc.
    • Network Components:
      • Packet switches (routers and switches) that forward packets between devices.
      • Communication links interconnecting various devices.
      • Ownership of Networks:
        • E.g., UMass own campus network vs. internet backbone.
    • Protocols:
      • Govern the sending and receiving of information.
      • Defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and documented as RFCs (Requests for Comments).
    • Service Perspective:
      • Internet as a platform for applications to send/receive information.

Understanding Protocols

  • Definition of Internet Protocol:
    • Analogous to human protocols (e.g., asking for the time, question/answer dynamics).
    • Specific messages exchanged, actions taken based on receipt of messages.
    • Protocols define message format, order of messages, and actions on transmission/receipt.

Summary of Key Learning Points

  • Internet Overview:
    • Started at the edge and moved inward to explore components and protocols.
  • Next Steps:
    • More detailed exploration of the devices at the edge of the network.