Overview
This lecture introduces the origins and motivations behind Stanley Milgram's obedience experiments, highlighting the impact of the Holocaust and trials of Nazi leaders on his research.
Historical Background
- Milgram's experiments on obedience began in 1961, influenced by the aftermath of the Holocaust.
- Milgram was born in 1933 in New York to Jewish parents who emigrated from Europe.
- He felt a personal connection to World War II events despite living in the U.S.
Influence of Nazi War Crimes and Trials
- The trial of Nazi leader Adolf Eichmann in 1960 strongly influenced Milgram.
- Eichmann was notable for being ordinary, not fanatical or sadistic, yet played a major role in the Holocaust.
- Eichmann claimed he was "just following orders," similar to many Nazis and ordinary German citizens.
Motivation and Purpose of Milgram’s Studies
- Milgram wanted to test if average Americans would obey authority to harm others.
- The research challenges the idea that only inherently evil people commit atrocities.
- Milgram's work questions the simplicity of labeling groups as "evil" or "moral."
Relevance and Impact
- The studies revealed disturbing truths about conformity and obedience in ordinary people.
- The findings remain significant for understanding complicity in harmful acts.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Milgram Experiments — A series of psychological studies on obedience to authority figures.
- Obedience — Following orders from an authority, even when it conflicts with personal morals.
- Desk murderer — A term describing individuals who commit atrocities by carrying out orders from behind a desk, not directly involved in violence.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the details and results of Milgram’s studies in the next lecture or assigned readings.