Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers

Citation

• Authors: Julie E. Bauman, Chiu-Hsieh Hsu, Sara Centuori, Jose Guillen-Rodriguez, Linda L. Garland, Emily Ho, Megha Padi, Vignesh Bageerathan, Lisa Bengtson, Malgorzata Wojtowicz, Eva Szabo, H.-H. Sherry Chow
• Journal: Cancers 2022, 14, 2129.
• DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092129

Study Overview

• Objective: Evaluate detoxification of tobacco carcinogens by broccoli seed and sprout extract (BSSE) in smokers.
• Method: Randomized crossover trial with 49 smokers, using two doses of BSSE.
• Primary Endpoint: Detoxification of benzene by measuring urinary SPMA.
• Secondary Endpoints: Detoxification of acrolein and crotonaldehyde, bioavailability, GST genotype influence, toxicity.

Key Findings

• Detoxification: Higher-dose BSSE significantly enhanced detoxification of benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde.
• Bioavailability: Mean bioavailability was 11% for low-dose and 10% for high-dose.
• Compliance: High retention and compliance with complete data for 48 of 49 participants.

Participants

• Eligibility: Current smokers over 18 years, 20 pack-years smoking history.
• Sample Size: 49 participants; 26 (53%) females; median age 57 years.

Methodology

• Design: Open-label, randomized, crossover with low/high-dose sequences.
• Intervention: Two weeks of each BSSE dose, separated by a 2-week washout.
• Assessment: Urinary excretion of SPMA, 3-HPMA, and 3-HMPMA as detoxification markers.

Results

• Detoxification Efficacy:
  • High-dose BSSE increased detoxification markers for all three carcinogens.
  • Low-dose significant only for benzene.
• Bioavailability:
  • Increased SFN metabolites with dose.
  • Dose-response relationship observed with high-dose.
• Genetic Factors:
  • GSTT1 genotype influenced baseline benzene detoxification.
  • No significant genotype effect on detoxification outcomes.

Safety and Adverse Events

• Common Side Effects: Gastrointestinal issues (loose stools, diarrhea).
• Severity: Mostly mild (Grade 1 or 2); no severe adverse events.

Conclusions

• Efficacy: BSSE can significantly detoxify tobacco carcinogens.
• Tolerability: Low toxicity profile makes BSSE a promising chemopreventive agent.
• Future Directions: Further studies planned to explore sustained detoxification potential over longer durations (e.g., 12 weeks).