AP Human Geography - Unit 4 Review

Key Concepts

State

• A geographic area with:
  • Permanent population
  • Defined borders
  • Sovereign government
  • Recognition by other states
• Sovereignty: Authority over decision-making and maintenance of order.
  • Control over domestic and international affairs.

Nation

• A group of people with:
  • Shared culture and history
  • Desire for self-governance
• Self-determination: The right of a nation or ethnic group to govern itself.

Types of States

Nation State

• Sovereign state with a homogeneous population.
• Shared language, culture, and history.
• Examples: Iceland, Japan.

Multinational State

• Contains multiple ethnic groups or nations with self-determination.
• Usually one dominant cultural group.
• Examples: Former Soviet Union, Russia, United States.

Multi-State Nation

• A nation that extends across borders of multiple states.
• Examples: Koreans in North and South Korea, Kurds across Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

Stateless Nation

• A nation with self-determination history but lacks recognized statehood.
• Examples: Kurds, Basques, Flemish, Catalonians, Palestinians.

Political Organizations

Autonomous Regions

• Regions within a state with significant self-government.
• Limited national government input.
• Example: Native American reservations in the United States.

Semi-Autonomous Regions

• Regions with moderate self-governance.
• National government can intervene when necessary.
• Example: Hong Kong in China.

City-State

• A sovereign state with political and economic control over surrounding areas.
• Example: Vatican City.

Practice and Resources

• Review vocab and answer questions provided to solidify understanding.
• Consider subscribing to Mr. Sin's channel for more resources.
• Check out the Ultimate Review Packet for comprehensive AP Human Geography preparation.

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