Differences Between Monoatomic, Diatomic, and Polyatomic Elements/Ions

Overview

• Discussion on monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic, and polyatomic elements and ions.

Columns of Elements and Ions

• Two main categories: Elements and Ions.

Monoatomic Elements and Ions

• Definition: Monoatomic means one (from the prefix "mono").
• Examples of Monoatomic Elements:
  • Noble gases: Helium, Neon, Argon.
• Examples of Monoatomic Ions:
  • Sodium ion (Na+), Potassium ion (K+), Magnesium ion (Mg²+).

Diatomic Elements and Ions

• Definition: Diatomic means two (from the prefix "di").
• Examples of Diatomic Elements:
  • Hydrogen gas (H₂)
  • Nitrogen gas (N₂)
  • Oxygen gas (O₂)
  • Halogens: Fluorine (F₂), Chlorine (Cl₂).
• Examples of Diatomic Ions:
  • Peroxide ion (O₂²-)
  • Superoxide ion (O₂⁻)
  • Disulfide ion (S₂²-)
  • Mercury ion (Hg₂²+).

Triatomic Elements and Ions

• Definition: Triatomic means three (from the prefix "tri").
• Example of Triatomic Element:
  • Ozone (O₃).
• Example of Triatomic Ion:
  • Triiodide ion (I₃⁻).

Polyatomic Elements and Ions

• Definition: Polyatomic means many (from the prefix "poly").
• Examples of Polyatomic Elements:
  • Phosphorus (P₄)
  • Sulfur (S₈).
• Examples of Polyatomic Ions:
  • Sulfate (SO₄²-),
  • Phosphite (PO₃³-),
  • Carbonate (CO₃²-).

Additional Resources

• Mention of a YouTube video on Polyatomic Ions for further learning.
• Links to related topics in chemistry included in the video description.