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hello this is learning English Pro I'm J your online teacher and guide you're very welcome to my exclusive master class in medical English I've merged my 15 most popular and informative English lessons on medical topics into one comprehensive master class from dror patient dialogue to the specific jargon of surgeries and pharmaceuticals this video is a gold mine for anyone eager to master the language of healthcare I've designed this masterclass to sharpen your skills and deepen your understanding join me on this enlightening Journey Through the world of medical English so if you're ready let's get started on our English lesson on diseases and disorders the first word on our list is asthma asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes difficulty in breathing due to narrowed Airways and increased mucus production next up we have hypertension hypertension also known as high blood pressure is a condition where the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke moving on let's talk about diabetes diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels often resulting from the body's inability to produce or use insulin effectively arthritis is another term on our list it's used to describe various inflammatory joint diseases that cause pain stiffness and swelling now let's learn about influenza or the flu influenza is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses presenting symptoms like fever cough and body aches next word is depression depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness loss of interest and lack of energy Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects memory and cognitive functions primarily occurring in older individuals cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body another term is obsessive compulsive disorder or OCD OCD is a mental health condition where individuals experience recurring unwanted thoughts and engage in repetitive behaviors to alleviate anxiety now let's understand epilepsy epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes recurrent seizures due to abnormal brain activity pneumonia is a serious respiratory infection that inflames the air saxs in one or both lungs leading to coughing fever and difficulty breathing next we have anemia anemia is a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin resulting in fatigue and weakness a migraine is a severe headache accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints causing inflammation and pain hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver which can be caused by viral infections alcohol or certain medications atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attacks and stroke schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by delusions hallucinations and disordered thinking and behavior osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle increasing the risk of fractures fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread muscular skeletal pain fatigue and tenderness in specific areas lastly let's explore gastritis gastritis is the inflammation of the stomach lining often causing stomach pain nausea and indigestion I hope you enjoyed that lesson on diseases and disorders some really important terminology there next up we're want to move on to a lesson on English phrases you might use at a doctor's appointment I need to make an appointment with the doctor please you can use this phrase to request a doctor's appointment politely and efficiently try it after me I need to make an appointment with the doctor please let's move on to to our next phrase I've been feeling unwell lately this phrase is how you can express your general discomfort to the doctor clearly I've been feeling unwell lately I have a sore throat and a cough with this phrase you are describing your symptoms accurately to assist in diagnosis I have a sore throat and a cough I have a fever this is what we would say in English if we have a higher than usual body temperature repeat after me I have a fever I twisted my ankle and it hurt hurts this is how we might explain to the doctor the cause of your pain and its location I twisted my ankle and it hurts I've had a headache for a few days this is how you convey the duration of your headache for better evaluation I've had a headache for a few days days I think I might have the flu with this phrase you can express your suspicions about your illness prompting further investigation I think I might have the flu let's move on to our next phrase I need a prescription for my medication this is how you request a prescription if it's necessary for your treatment I need a prescription for my [Music] medication do I need to take any tests this is how you might inquire about diagnostic test that may be required do I need to take any tests [Music] is there a pharmacy nearby with this phrase we are asking about the availability of a nearby pharmacy for your prescription is there a pharmacy [Music] nearby how much will this medication cost this is how you inquire about the cost of prescribed medications or treatments how much will this medication cost can you recommend any over-the-counter remedies when we ask the doctor a b overthe counter remedies we're asking for recommendations on non-prescription treatments for minor issues repeat after me can you recommend any over-the-counter remedies what are the side effects of this medicine we can use this phrase to learn how to ask about potential side effects of prescribed medications what are the side effects of this medicine when should I come back for a follow-up appointment this phrase is for finding out how to schedule a follow-up appointment to monitor your progress when should I come back for a follow-up appointment thank you for your help doctor and with our final phrase we can express our gratitude to the doctor for their assistance thank you for your help doctor hello you're very welcome to this English vocabulary lesson on doctors let's Dive Right In and have a look at the lesson plan for today's video so first up what you need to know is that you'll be learning all about the different types of doctors and their names in English and of course this is learning English Pro so so you'll be learning lots of essential vocabulary relating to each type of doctor and with this key vocabulary comes essential context learn lots of history and important information about the different types of doctors you will learn in this lesson so it promises to be a really exciting and interesting lesson for you today so if you're ready sit back relax and let's learn some English on doctors together our first type of doctor is a general practitioner now this is the British English general practitioner it can also be shortened to just GP GP now this might be more commonly known as a family doctor or your local doctor in American English it is common referred to as a medical doctor and this role can also be referred refer to in American English as a physician so let's move on and have a look at some additional information and context for a physician or a GP the area of medicine they work in is known as general medicine and did you know the earliest documentation for a formal hospital with Physicians that treated patients comes from the 5th Century BC in Sri Lanka Hippocrates who lived from 460 to 377 BC is commonly called the father of medicine he is thought to be one of the First physicians to treat disease as being a result of natural rather than Supernatural causes and because of him we have the Hippocratic Oath which is an oath of Ethics historically taken by physicians in its original form it requires a new physician to swear to uphold specific ethical standards okay it's time to move on to to our next type of doctor which is a pediatrician repeat after me pediatrician so what does a pediatrician do a pediatrician is a medical doctor who manages overall health for children from birth until age 18 and the area of medicine is called pediatric medicine and the very first Pediatric Hospital was opened in Paris France in 1802 let's move on to our next type of doctor a neurologist repeat after me neurologist neurologists are Specialists who treat diseases of the brain and spinal cord peripheral nerves and muscles and the field that a neurologist Works in is called neurology neurologists treats serious conditions like stroke Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis our next Doctor type is a dermatologist repeat after me dermatologist and of course a dermatologist works in the area of Dermatology a dermatologist is a doctor who specializes in conditions involving the skin hair and nails a dermatologist can identify and treat more than 3,000 conditions these conditions include eczema psoriasis and skin cancer among many others next up we have anesthesiologist this one's quite tricky anesthesiologist let's try it one more time anesthesiologist an anesthesiologist works in the area of of anesthetics this provides treatments such as anesthesia Intensive Care Medicine critical emergency medicine and pain medicine anesthesia is a state of controlled temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes our next medical doctor is a dentist repeat after me dentist a dentist works in the area of Dentistry a dentist also known as a dental surgeon is a surgeon who specializes in dentistry the diagnosis prevention and treatment of diseases and conditions of the mouth have you ever thought about who the first dentist was he ra is the earliest dentist whose name is known to us around 2,600 BC in ancient Egypt he was known as the chief of dentists our next Doctor type is an oncologist repeat after me oncologist an oncologist works in the area of oncology but this is more commonly known as cancer treatment these are doctors who treat cancer and provide medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer in the area of oncology there are three major areas medical Surgical and radiation an oncologist treats counsel using chemotherapy or other medications such as immunotherapy let's move on to our next Doctor type a surgeon repeat after me surgeon a surgeon works in the area of surgery and surgery is used to investigate or treat conditions such as disease or injury to help improve bodily function appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas if we look back in history surgery in different forms has been performed by humans for thousands of years the earliest evidence comes from over 8 and 1 12,000 years ago let's move on to our next Doctor which is a c cardiologist repeat after me cardiologist a cardiologist works in the area of Cardiology and they are doctors who diagnose assess and treat patients with diseases and defects of the heart and blood vessels let's take a moment to talk about the human heart the average heart is the size of a fist in a an adult your heart will beat about 115,000 times each day it also pumps about 2,000 gallons of blood every day as well our next type of doctor is a radiologist repeat after me radiologist a radiologist works in the area of radiology and they are medical doctors that specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases using Medical Imaging procedures let's take a look at the types of Imaging procedures there are X-rays computed tomography which is also called a CT scan magnetic resonance imaging also called an MRI positron emission tomography pet or an ultrasound let's move on on to our final doctor of this lesson a psychiatrist repeat after me psychiatrist these doctors work in the area called Psychiatry a psychiatrist can diagnose and prescribe medication to treat a variety of complex mental illnesses such as depression and bipolar disorder in the area of psychiatry a founding father of this medical field is Sigman Freud he was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis a clinical method for treating Psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst today we're delving into the dynamic field of emergency medicine whether you're a healthc care professional a student or simply interested in expanding your English vocabulary you're in for an informative ride so if you're ready let's begin our English lesson and we're going to start with the topic of today's lesson emergency medicine this is a medical specialty focused on the prompt assessment diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries emergency physicians work in emergency departments to provide immediate care and stabilize patients in critical conditions our next term is triage repeat after me triage triage is the process of quickly assessing and prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition it ensures that those with the most urgent needs receive immediate attention triage trauma refers to physical injuries resulting from accidents Falls or violence emergency medicine often deals with trauma cases that require rapid intervention repeat after me trauma resuscitation involves efforts to revive or restore normal bodily functions in a patient experiencing Cardiac Arrest respiratory failure or other lifethreatening emergencies resuscitation related to the term resuscitation we have defibrillation this is the delivery of an electric shock to the heart to restore its normal Rhythm automated external defibrillators or aeds are commonly used in emergency situations defibrillation we also have cardiopulmonary resuscitation often called cpor This is a life-saving technique that combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation in a person whose heart has stopped intubation involves inserting a tube into the airway to assist or secure the passage of air into the lungs it is often performed in cases of respiratory distress repeat after me intubation our next term is epinephrine repeat after me epinephrine this can also be known as adrenaline it is a hormone and medication used in emergency situations to treat severe allergic reactions also known as anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest let's try it one more time epinephrine intravenous therapy or IV therapy for short involves giving fluids medications or blood products directly into a patient's veins ensuring rapid absorption in emergency situations so we have intravenous therapy or the abbreviation is IV therapy in the context of emergency medicine shock is a life-threatening condition where insufficient blood flow to vital organs leads to Cellular and organ disfunction prompt intervention is crucial to prevent further complications shock our next term is hemorrhage a hemorrhage is excessive bleeding and controlling it is a critical aspect of Emergency Medical Care techniques like direct pressure and tourniquets may be used repeat after me hamage a fracture is a break or crack in a bone emergency medicine addresses fractures with assessments immobilization and ref referral to specialize care fracture our next term is naloxone this is a medication used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose by binding two opioid receptors restoring normal respiration nxone that's move on to seizure a seizure is a sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain a seizure can sometimes be referred to as a fit this condition is supported with emergency medicine with medications and supportive care seizure decontamination involves the removal or neutralization of harmful substances from a person this is often necessary in cases of chemical exposure or contamination decontamination in today's lesson we will explore essential medical examination terminology understanding these words is crucial for effective communication in healthc care settings our first term is physical examination this is a thorough assessment of of a patient's body to evaluate their overall health physical examinations involve checking vital signs palpating for abnormalities and Visually inspecting the body blood pressure measurement is the measurement of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries blood pressure is typically recorded as systolic or diastolic pressure pressure in millim of mercury an x-ray is a diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic radiation to create images of the internal structures of the body x-rays are commonly used to visualize bones and detect abnormalities in the lungs and other organs ultrasound is a non-invasive Imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves to create realtime images of internal organs ultrasounds are often used during pregnancy to monitor fetal development and for abdominal and pelvic examinations M or I or magnetic resonance imaging is a magical Imaging technique that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body's internal structures MRIs provide high resolution images of soft tissues like the brain spinal cord and Joints an ECG or electrocardiogram is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart over time these are crucial tests in diagnosing heart conditions by displaying the heart's Rhythm and identifying irregular ities the next few terms involve blood and internal examinations so if you're a little bit screamish skip ahead to the time indicated on screen a blood test is a laboratory analysis of a blood sample to assess for various Health markers blood tests can reveal information about blood cell counts cholesterol levels and the presence of infections or diseases endoscopy is a procedure that uses a flexible tube with a camera to examine the interior of organs or body cavities endoscopies are commonly performed to inspect the gastrointestinal tract throat or bladder a biopsy is a medical procedure involving the removal of a small sample of tissues or cells from a patient's body for examination under a microscope biopsies are performed to diagnose the presence of diseases or conditions such as cancer or infections today we're diving into the fascinating world of healthc care professions each of these medical professions play a unique and vital role in the healthcare ecosystem so if you're ready let's embark on this journey together and first up we have the speech language pathologist these are experts in communication and swallowing disorders they assess diagnose and provide therapy to restore effective communication speech language Pathologists work with children and adults helping those with speech language voice and fluency disorders regain their ability to communicate effectively next up we have occupational therapists they are dedicated to helping individuals regain and improve their abilities to perform daily life activities occupational therapists work with patients of all ages who due to physical mental or developmental conditions need assistance in learning new ways to perform day-to-day [Music] activities physical therapists specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries and conditions affecting a person's physical movement and function they use various therapies exercises and techniques to Aid recovery physical therapists design personalized treatment plans for patients targeting pain relief improved mobility and the restoration of function our next profession is a radiologic technologist this medical professional is responsible for performing various Medical Imaging procedures such as X-rays and MRIs ensuring the accurate capture of diagnostic images they play an important role in Diagnostic Imaging working closely with patients and Physicians to capture highquality images essential for medical diagnosis and treatment planning respiratory therapists specialize in the care of individuals with breathing and Cardio pulmonary disorders they provide critical treatments therapies and diagnostic testing to ensure optimal respiratory Health respiratory therapists work with patients of all ages from premature infants with underdeveloped lungs to elderly individuals with chronic respiratory conditions medical laboratory technicians are the Unseen Heroes of healthcare conducting essential tests on patient samples to assist in disease diagnosis and monitoring pharmacists are medication experts ensuring the safe and effective use of prescription and over-the-counter drugs they provide medication counseling oversee drug dispensing and collaborate with healthare providers to optimize patient medication regimes physician assistants practice medicine under physician supervision they diagnose treat and manage various medical conditions offering a wide range of Health Care Services dental hygienists specialize in oral health providing preventative Dental Care cleaning teeth and educating patients on proper oral hygiene practices they work closely with dentists to ensure optimal oral health and often perform teeth cleanings oral examinations and education on maintaining healthy teeth and gums and optometrist is an eye care specialist who will examine diagnose and treat vision problems and eye diseases they prescribe corrective lenses such as eyeglasses and contact lenses and provide comprehensive Vision Care Services optometrists also detect and manage various eye conditions contributing to overall Eye Health chiropractors specialize in musculoskeletal Health emphasizing manual adjustments to the spine and other parts of the body to relieve pain and improve function chiropractors use non-invasive techniques to treat conditions such as back pain neck pain and other muscular skeletal issues often would add the need for surgery or medication our next professional role is a nutritionist which can also be known as a dietitian these are experts in food and nutrition helping helping individuals make healthy food choices manage dietary restrictions and address nutritional needs they work in various settings including Health Care Facilities schools and private practice offering personalized nutrition guidance and education clinical psychologists provide therapy and counseling for individuals dealing with mental health issues and emotional well-being helping patients overcome challenges and improve their mental health clinical psychologists use evidence-based approaches to diagnose and treat various psychological conditions supporting patients on their journey to mental well-being medical social workers offer vital support to patients and families helping them cope with medical conditions and navigate the Health Care System they provide emotional support connect patients with necessary resources and ensure that patient Pati's psychosocial needs are addressed throughout their medical Journey a paramedic or an EMT EMT stands for emergency medical technicians are the First Responders delivering emergency medical care and transportation to individuals facing injuries or acute medical conditions they provide immediate medical intervention including administrating medications performing life-saving procedures and transporting patients to medical facilities for further care an audiologist is a medical professional who specializes in Hearing and Balance disorders providing diagnostic evaluations and treatments for patients of all ages they help individuals with hearing impairments by offering Solutions such as hearing aids and assistive listening devices prosthesis design fit and fabricate prosthetic Limbs and braces to help individuals regain mobility and functionality they work closely with patients to customize and provide these devices offering improved quality of life medical illustrators combine their artistic skills with medical knowledge to create detailed illustrations and visual aids used in medical textbooks patient education materials and and presentations they play a crucial role in simplifying complex medical concepts for various audiences medical Librarians manage and organize medical information and research resources in healthcare settings they assist healthc Care Professionals in finding the latest medical literature and research supporting evidence-based Practice Medical dosimetrists work in radiation oncology calculating radiation Doses and treatment plans for patients undergoing radiation therapy they collaborate with radiation oncologists and medical physicists to ensure the safe and effective delivery of this treatment in today's lesson we're going to take a look at some medicine English vocabulary this will involve looking at the different types and forms of medicine along with the associated symptoms let's take a look at our lesson plan you'll learn lots of important vocabulary along with perfect pronunciation and lots of context and information so you'll really get to know the vocabulary very well I don't know about you but I'm ready to start this lesson so grab a pen and paper sit back relax and let's learn some English on medicine together first up we're going to explore symptoms in a question format and have a look at the associated medication that is used as treatment for these symptoms our first question is do you have an infection do you have an infection if you have a bacterial infection you will need an antibiotic repeat after me antibiotic another type of infection that is common is a viral infection an infection by a virus and we use antiviral medication to treat a viral infection antiviral our next question is do you have pain or fever do you have pain or fever for these symptoms you would take a painkiller repeat after me painkiller our next question is do you have a cough the word cough has an unusual pronunciation instead of a g sound we have an F sound here do you have a cough and the medicine for a cough has a few different names it can be called cough syrup cough medicine or a cough suppressant my next question to you is do you have allergies do you have allergies and for an allergy we take an antihistamine repeat after me antihistamine let's do that one one more time antihistamine our next question is do you have asthma do you have asthma the type of medicine used for asthma is a steroid repeat after me steroid let's move on to our next question do you have a blocked nose or we could say do you have a stuffy nose if you have this condition you will need a decongestant repeat after me decongestant and a medicine which is in the news a lot lately is related to the Corona virus and the medicine that is being discussed is a vaccine repeat after me vaccine let's hope that the new vaccine is successful in the battle against Corona virus and let's move on to the next segment which is different forms of medicine we will discuss the different ways in which medicine is delivered to the human body medicine is often given in liquid form and sometimes it is given in a syrup this is a thick liquid medicine that you drink and it can be sweet this type of thick liquid medicine is common for symptoms in children coughs and colds or for adults with stomach problems sometimes liquid medicine needs to be given directly into the body like into the bloodstream or into muscle this medicine is usually given through an injection with a syringe liquids can also be given directly into the body by intravenous therapy this is regularly used in hospitals to deliver medicine to patients and the device used is simply called an IV medicine can also be given in tablet or pill form lots of different types of medication can be given in this form and this medicine is usually round or oval-shaped another type of tablet you may see is a soluble tablet these tablets can be dissolved in water the resulting mixture is then drank to cure symptoms these types of tablets are typically used for painkillers and antacids the next form of medication we will look at is a capsule a capsule is a shell which contains medicine some people will also call these to tablets or pills and the capsule dissolves and is digested when swallowed the next type of medicine we will look at is a lozen a lozen is a small candy-like medicine that dissolves in your mouth lenes are usually used to help symptoms in the mouth or throat our next type of medicine can be called a cream lotion or ointment and this is a thick liquid medicine that is applied to the skin our next type of medicine is drops this type of liquid medicine is usually used for symptoms for the eyes or the ears the next form of medicine we will have a look at is spray this type of liquid medicine is usually applied up the nose or onto the skin depending on the symptoms the final form of medicine we will have a look at is inhaler an inhaler is used to deliver Vapor medicine to the lungs it is commonly used by people who suffer from asthma up next we are going to take a look at the difference between these two terms overthe counter and prescription drugs first up let's take a look at over the counter and what that means medicine which is over- the- counter can be purchased without consent from a doctor depending on the country this type of medicine can be purchased in drug stores pharmacies or even supermarkets whereas with prescription drugs this type of medicine can be purchased only with consent from the doctor and purchased at a registered Pharmacy or chemist the consent is usually given as a paper document simply called a prescription and that brings us to the end of our lesson if you're worried about any of the symptoms that we discussed in today's lesson make sure to talk to your local doctor today we're delving into the world of over-the-counter medications those readily available without a prescription by the end of this video you'll be bursting with lots of new English vocabulary we are going to explore 12 popular medications you can buy over the counter we're going to learn their pronunciation along with related symptoms plus lots and lots of synonyms also for every medication type I will give you two phrases and questions for the pharmacy to really help contextualize the terms and boost your conversational skills let's dive into the world of self-care and medicine and first let's break down the term over the counter this term refers to medications or products that are available for purchase without requiring a prescription from a healthc care professional these products are typically deemed safe for use without direct supervision by a doctor and are accessible to Consumers directly fromes drug stores or other retail outlets let's move on to our medication types an analgesic can also be known as a pain reliever and can help with lots of different types of pain like a headache toothache dental pain or even a back ache another term for analgesic could be painkiller common examples of an analgesic include acetaminophen and ibuprofen let's take a look at our example sentences hi I have a headache can you recommend an analgesic and advise on dosage the term dosage or dose relates to the quantity of Medicine you need to take for your condition and this information will also tell you how many times a day you need to take it let's move on to our next example sentence I have some dental pain could I get some aspirin please aspirin is a common drug for relieving minor aches pains and fevers people also use it as an anti-inflammatory or a blood thinner our next medication type is an antihistamine repeat after me antihistamine this type of drug is used to treat allergies and it can also be referred to as allergy medication and Allergy is where your body reacts to something that's normally harmless like pollen dust nuts or animal fur the symptoms can be mild but for some people they can be very serious examples of antihistamine drugs include loratadine and Dien hydramine let's move on to our example sentences I have seasonal allergies which antihistamine do you suggest and how often should I take it I am suffering from some hay fever can you recommend an antihistamine hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen usually when it comes into contact with your mouth nose eyes and throat pollen is a fine powder that comes from Plants our next overthe counter medication is a decongestant decongestants relieve nasal congestion nasal congestion is more commonly referred to as a stuffy nose or a blocked nose and the medical term for this condition is risis examples of this medication include pseudo edrine and phileine I'm congested could you recommend a decongestant and how often should I use it I have a really stuffy nose which decongestant is the best in your opinion an expectorant helps loosen mucus a more common term for an expectorant is cough medicine or cough syrup this medicine helps with a condition known as a chest infection and mucus is the slippery green substance that can cause congestion in our lungs when we're sick it can also be referred to as fleem wenin is a common example of unexpectant medication let's check out our example sentences I have a chest infection with a lot of mucus which expectant would you suggest hello I need to get some cough medicine for my son which one is best for children another medication helped to use a cough is an anti-tussive an anti-tussive suppresses coughing so we can also call this medication a cough suppressant this type of medication is usually given in the form of a syrup just like the expectorant a widely used cuff suppressant is dexra [Music] maten my cough is keeping me up at night can you recommend an antitussive and what's the recommended dosage I've had a cuff for a few days do you think I need an expectorant or a suppressant if you're really interested in learning more medical English you should definitely check out my channel learning English Pro where I have a vast assortment of medical related English vocabulary lessons medical related videos are my most popular topic on YouTube so I'm constantly adding to this playlist every week all the links for these videos and playlists are in the video description waiting for you an acids neutralize stomach acid relieving symptoms of indigestion and heartburn antacids are available in different forms of medication such as liquids or chewable tablets common examples of antacid include Tums and maloc I'm experiencing heartburn which antacid is effective and how many tablets can I take at once I have indigestion would you recommend a liquid or chewable tablet and acid let's move on to laxitives laxatives promote Bell movements and are helpful if one is suffering from constipation there are lots of different types of laxatives common types include stimulants and bulk forming laxatives I'm constipated and need a laxative how long does it usually take to work hi my elderly mother is having trouble with her Bell movements is there a laxative you could suggest for an older person on the opposite side of the scale we have an anti-diarrheal anti-diarrheal control diarrhea with the word diara we have different spellings in American and British English diarrhea is when you're your stools are loose and watery you may also need to go to the bathroom more often and for this condition lauramide is a commonly used anti-diarrheal I have an upset stomach and diarrhea can you recommend an anti-diarrheal and how often should I take it I have had diarrhea for a few days can you suggest an anti-diarrhea that is fast working and effective let's move on to topical analgesic topical analgesics relieve pain on the skin or muscles this type of medication can be referred to as pain relieving cream or ointment examples of topical analgesics include creams or patches containing Menthol or lidocaine let's check out our example sentences I have muscle soreness would a topical analgesic like a menthol cream help and how often should I apply it I have some muscle pain in my th could I have a skin patch with an analgesic our next over-the-counter medication is an antifungal antifungals treat fungal infections such as athletes foots or rashes of a similar type antifungals can sometimes be referred to as a Fungicide and clotrimazol is a common antifungal you can find in your Pharmacy I have a rash on my feet could you recommend an antifungal cream please I have a fungal infection under my arm could you suggest an antifungal suitable for that area an antiseptic can be used to disinfect cuts and wounds and they can also be referred to as disinfectants or germicides hydrogen peroxide and iodine are common antiseptics I cut myself is an antiseptic like hydrogen peroxide suitable and how should I use it on the wound I burnt myself last night on the stove could you suggest a mild antiseptic our 12th and final medication type is motion sickness medication these medications help prevent and relieve motion sickness motion sickness is having symptoms such as dizziness nausea and vomiting while traveling common options for motion sickness medication include Di and hydrate and mescaline can you recommend a motion sickness medication and when should I take it before traveling I get very sick when I'm a passenger in the car which medication is best for motion sickness today and in this lesson we'll be delving into the world of the pharmaceutical industry if you're new to this field you're in the right place we'll be exploring 15 essential terms with more detailed definitions to get you started if you're ready let's Jump Right In the pharmaceutical industry is a vast sector responsible for researching developing manufacturing and distributing medications that improve human health and well-being we also have the term Pharma which is a commonly used abbreviation of of the word pharmaceutical this term is often used informally to describe the entire pharmaceutical field and is frequently used in discussions and news related to the industry let's take a closer look at this word medication a medication is a substance used for medical treatment such as pills capsules or syrups medications can treat a wide range of I conditions from Pain Relief to chronic diseases with this industry you'll hear a lot about drug Discovery this is the intricate process of identifying and designing new medications through research and experimentation this includes the initial identification of potential compounds to extensive Laboratory Testing clinical trials are carefully designed experiments to test the safety and efficacy of new drugs before they are approved for use these trials involve multiple phases and help determine whether a drug is safe and effective let's move on to our next bit of terminology which is prescription drug a prescription drug is a medication that can only only be obtained with a doctor's written order they are typically used for serious medical conditions and require professional guidance there is also over-the-counter medication which is available without a prescription and can be purchased directly from a pharmacy or store these are generally for common self- treatable ailments another type type of medication you'll hear about is a vaccine a vaccine is a substance that stimulates the immune system to protect against specific diseases vaccines Have Been instrumental in preventing and controlling infectious diseases like polio and measles drug regulatory authorities are responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs they review and approve medications before they reach the market and on screen for you you can see a selection of these authorities from different English-speaking countries probably the most widely known of these would be the FDA in the United States a pharmaceutical company is an organization that researches develops and manufactures medications these companies range from small research focused firms to to large Global corporations a generic drug is a medication that is equivalent to a brand named drug but is usually more affordable they contain the same active ingredients and meet the same quality standards the term biotechnology involves using living organisms and biological systems to develop new drugs and treatments this field has led to the creation of therapies like biologic drugs clinical data refers to information gathered during clinical trials helping to assess a Drug's Effectiveness it includes data on patient demographics safety efficacy and adverse reactions adverse reactions are more commonly known as side effects these are unintended and often unwanted effects of a medication which may happen in addition to its intended effects understanding potential side effects is crucial for safe medication use a placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect it is used in clinical Tri as a control to compare with the effects of the drug being tested placebos help researchers assess the true impact of a medication pharmac cence is the science and activities related to the detection assessment understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug related issues it plays a key role in ensuring medication safety even after a drug is on the market in this English lesson you will learn phrases for the pharmacy this lesson is broken down into five different categories so you'll definitely learn lots of useful English so let's get started and our first category is prescription medication can I have my prescription filled here can I have my prescription filled here how should I take this medication how should I take this medication what are the side effects of this drug what are the side effects of this drug is this medication safe with my allergies is this medication safe with my allergies can I get a refill on this prescription can I get a refill on this prescription what should I do if I miss a dose what should I do if I miss a dose in our next category we will ask questions about over-the-counter medication what is a good remedy for a headache what is a good remedy for a headache do you have something for cold symptoms do you have something for cold symptoms can you recommend an allergy relief medicine can you recommend an allergy relief medicine is there an over-the-counter drug for coughs is there an over-the-counter drug for coughs what should I take for stomach pain what should I take for stomach pain do you have any natural supplements do you have any natural supplements our third set of phrases and questions relate to General Health queries what vitamins should I take for Better Health what vitamins should I take for Better Health do you have sunscreen for sensitive skin do you have sunscreen for sensitive skin what are the best products for skin care what are the best products for skin care can you suggest a good pain reliever can you suggest a good pain reliever which product is best for wound healing which product is best for wound healing how do I check my blood pressure how do I check my blood pressure let's move on to our fourth category which is queries about Pharmacy services do you offer flu shots here do you offer flu shots here can I schedule a health checkup can I schedule a health checkup is there a pharmacist available for consultation is is there a pharmacist available for consultation can I get travel vaccinations here can I get travel vaccinations here do you provide medicine home delivery do you provide medicon home delivery are there any health screenings available are there any health screenings available our last category deals with phrases relating to specific [Music] conditions what's best for managing diabetes what's best for managing diabetes can you recommend something for arthritis pain can you recommend something for arthritis pain what do you have for heartburn relief what do you have for heartburn relief is there an effective treatment for insomnia is there an effective treatment for insomnia what options are there for high blood pressure what options are there for high blood pressure do you have products for asthma relief do you have products for asthma relief get ready to learn lots of new English vocabulary on pregnancy let's take a look at our lesson plan for this video in this lesson you will learn lots of key vocabulary and you'll learn the pronunciation and meaning of each word and you'll understand the context of these words with lots of example sentences I don't know about you but I'm ready to start this lesson sit back relax grab a pen and paper and let's learn some English together right now our first word marks the very beginning of our journey the egg repeat after me egg the egg is the female sex cell let's move on and take a look at the male sex cell sperm repeat after me sperm the moment the two sex cells come together in Intercourse is called conception repeat after me conception after conception and for the first two weeks we call the baby at the stage a zygote repeat after me [Music] zygote after the first two weeks and until the eighth week we call the baby an embryo repeat after me embryo after the AG week and until birth the baby is referred to as the fetus repeat after me fetus the baby is connected to the Mother by the umbilical cord repeat after me umbilical cord and the baby is fed through the placenta repeat after me [Music] placenta when a person is carrying a baby we say that they are pregnant repeat after me pregnant let's take a look at our first simple example sentence she is pregnant she is pregnant a common idiom we use to describe pregnant women is expecting a baby expecting a baby let's take a look at this idiom in an example sentence She is expecting a baby she is expecting a baby and there is a similar idiom having a baby having a baby you could say she is having a baby she is having a baby a lot of people discover they are pregnant by using a pregnancy test repeat after me pregnancy test some people have difficulty conceiving naturally they may use inv vitro fertilization this is more commonly known as IVF repeat after me IVF another method used by couples who are experiencing difficulty having a baby is surrogacy let's take a look at the definition surrogacy is an arrangement often supported by a legal agreement whereby a woman agrees to Bear a child for another person or persons who will become the child's parent after birth the embryo or baby is implanted in the usus of the surrogate mother who carries the baby until birth so the surrogate is the person who carries the baby for another couple or person an example sentences they are having a baby by surrogacy they are having a baby by surrogacy if this is your first time visiting my channel learning English Pro you're very welcome my name is j and I hope you're really enjoying this lesson please take the time to like this video And subscribe to my YouTube channel coming up next in our vocabulary we'll be taking a look at the symptoms of pregnancy a symptom which is commonly referred to in English-speaking culture is morning sickness repeat after me morning sickness this can also be called nausea repeat after me nausea another symptom of pregnancy is fatigue repeat after me fatigue this could also be called tiredness another symptom which may be experienced is swollen breasts swollen breasts and just when you think it couldn't get any worse women can also suffer from increased urination increased urination as the baby grows in a woman's belly we call the bigger area the baby bump repeat after me baby [Music] bump and with a baby bump comes the need for new clothing the clothing that is needed for pregnant women is called maternity wear or maternity clothing if you were looking in a store you could say do you have maternity wear in this store another aspect for a growing stomach in pregnancy is stretch marks repeat after me stretch marks and it is quite common to use some form of skin lotion to help combat the appearance of stretch marks the duration of a pregnancy is usually 40 weeks or 9 months and the day a baby is expected is called the duw date duw date as the duw date approaches a woman may experience labor these are the pains and discomfort that come along when the baby is arriving labor we would say she is in labor she is in labor a nurse which helps mothers in this time is called a midwife repeat after me midwife and the event of a baby's arrival is called the birth repeat after me birth so very shortly in the video we'll be seeing some live footage of a birth so if you're a bit squeamish skip ahead about 50 seconds and you should miss it when a baby is born without any medical intervention it is called a natural birth natural natural birth sometimes babies will be born through a surgical method called a cesarian section repeat after me cesarian section this is often shorted to just C-section C-section or it may be called a cesarian birth one more time cesarian birth also commonly used is a local anesthetic during the birth process this is more commonly known as an epidural repeat after me epidural and can you believe it's our last word and the result of a pregnancy newborn repeat after me [Music] newborn in today's video we're delving into the world of prescription medication prescription drugs are a critical part of healthcare and understanding them is essential for informed decision-making let's start our video with our main topic prescription medication these are medications that require a doctor's prescription for purchase or a doctor's permission they are often used for treating specific medical conditions and these types of medications are regulated to ensure safe and effective use the prescription itself is actually the piece of paper where the doctor's orders are written on and you're going to take this piece of paper the prescription to a pharmacist this is the healthc care professional who dispenses prescription medications and provides guidance on their use they play a vital role in patient care and can offer you lots of advice when you get AIS description you will also get information and instructions relating to dosage dosage refers to the amount and frequency of a medication prescribed by a healthc care provider so how much you can take and when you can take it it's crucial to follow the recommended dosage for safe and effective treatment side effects are unintended effects of medication which may happen in addition to its intended effects so this means that you might feel a bit sick from taking medication understanding potential side effects is important for patient safety and as a patient if you suffer from any side effects while taking medication it's important to contact your doctor or your pharmacist when it comes to picking the type of medication there are two types the first will look at is generic medication this is an affordable equivalent to a brand brand name drug containing the same ingredients it provides coste effective options for patients and this term which I've just mentioned brand name medication means the original version of a drug developed by a pharmaceutical company it's often more expensive than generic Alternatives if you are unable for some reason to get prescription medication you might be able to use over-the-counter medic this is available without a prescription and can be purchased directly from a pharmacy or store like a supermarket sometimes these are typically used for common self- treatable illnesses and ailments our next term is drug interactions these happen when one medication affects the action of another so these can happen to people who have to take lots of different types of medications understanding potential interactions is really crucial to avoid adverse effects adverse reactions or adverse effects are unexpected and harmful effects caused by medication they're like really extreme side effects they can range from mild to severe and require immediate medical attention a prescription refill allows patients to obtain additional doses of their prescribed medication it's essential to follow refill instructions and schedules depending on the country you can sometimes ring your pharmacist for a prescription refill or you may need to contact your doctor next up we're going to have a look at two different organizations the FDA in the United States and the MH or a in the United Kingdom these are drug regulatory authorities respons responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of prescription drugs the medication label provides important information about a prescription drug this can include dosing instructions side effects and usage precautions when you receive your prescription medication It generally comes with a patient information leaflet this document offers comprehensive Ive information about the drug its effects and safety guidelines it's a good idea to give it a read over before you take your prescription medication for the first time something which will be clearly marked on your medication is its prescription expiration date this indicates when a prescription medication should no longer be used it's important to adhere to this date for safety an important thing to remember for anyone taking taking prescription medication is medication adherence this is the practice of taking prescription drugs as directed by a health care provider like a doctor nurse or pharmacist and this helps you to achieve the intended therapeutic effect today we're delving into the captivating world of psychology exploring essential psychological terms whether you're a psychology student or just curious about the human mind this video is for you and as usual all the terms covered in today's lesson are available for you in the video description if you want to follow along or revise after the lesson so let's get started with our first term which is the topic of our lesson psychology psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior it seeks to understand and explain our thoughts feelings and actions psychology next up we have the word Behavior which has different spellings in American and British English Behavior encompasses all actions and reactions of an individual or organism from simple reflexes to complex interactions Behavior now let's explore cognition cognition refers to mental processes such as perception thinking reasoning and problem solving repeat after me cognition emotion is our next term emotions are complex psychological and physiological responses to events or situations involving feelings like Joy fear anger and more emotion moving on to memory memory is the ability to store retain and recall information and experiences memory Consciousness is the awareness of one's thoughts feelings and surroundings at any given moment Consciousness next we have perception perception is the process of interpreting sensory information to understand and make sense of the world perception stress is a psychological and physiological response to challenging situations often leading to feelings of tension or anxiety stress now motivation motivation is the internal or external drive that initiates directs and sustains Behavior towards a goal motivation personality is a unique set of enduring characteristics behaviors and traits that Define Define an individual personality moving on to intelligence intelligence is the capacity to learn reason and solve problems effectively intelligence our next term is abnormal psychology this is the study of atypical behaviors and psychological disorders aiming to understand and treat them abnormal psychology therapy refers to the various treatments and interventions used by psychologists and mental health professionals to help individuals improve their psychological well-being therapy our next term is social psychology this focuses on how individuals are influenced by social interactions and the impacts of groups on behavior and attitudes social psychology we also have developmental psychology this type of psychology examines the psychological growth and changes that happen from infancy to old age developmental psychology word I've already mentioned is anxiety anxiety is a state of uneasiness or worry often accompanied by physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and restlessness repeat after me anxiety depression is a mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of Interest or pleasure in activities depression the term self-esteem means an individual's overall evaluation of their self-worth and self-perception selfesteem schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by disorganized thinking hallucinations and a loss of contact with reality repeat after me schizophrenia Psychotherapy is a form of treatment involving psychological techniques and talking to a trained therapist to address emotional and mental health issues Psychotherapy today we're delving into crucial English vocabulary relating to medical surgery this video is really useful for healthc Care Professionals and for those going for surgery as this video covers medical surgery there will be some images and videos of actual surgery so bear that in mind as you're watching the lesson so with all of that business out of the way let's get to it our first word is surgeon a surgeon is a highly skilled Medical Professional specializing in performing surgical procedures surgeons undergo extensive training to acquire the expertise needed to operate on patients addressing various medical conditions they play a pivotal role in health care working with precision and care to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients anesthesia is a medical practice involving the administration of medications to induce a reversible loss of sensation or Consciousness it is a crucial aspect of surgery ensuring that patients remain painfree and unaware during the procedure an anesthesiologist is a a specialized medical doctor responsible for providing anesthesia and monitoring the patients's vital signs during surgery they play a critical role in ensuring the patient's safety and comfort throughout the entire surgical process it's important to note that there are two different types of anesthesia general anesthesia which involves inducing a state of controlled unconsciousness in a patient or local anesthesia this is a technique used to g a specific part of the body allowing the patient to remain conscious during surgery while preventing pain in the targeted area this is the type of anesthesia you'll get at your dentist next up we have the scalpel this is a Precision surgical instrument with a small sharp blade used by surgeons to make precise incisions during medic iCal procedures the design of the scalpel allows for controlled and accurate cutting minimizing tissue damage and facilitating the surgeon's ability to navigate delicate anatomical structures and the word incision refers to the deliberate cut made with the scalpel to access a specific area of the body during a medical procedure the size and location of the incision depend on the nature of the surgery and skill surgeons take great care to make incisions that promote optimal healing and minimize scarring the incision site is the specific area on the patient's body where the surgical incision is made proper preparation and Care are taken to ensure the cleanliness and sterilization of the incision site before surgery and this helps to prevent infections and promote a smooth healing process sutures are stitches or materials used by surgeons to sew the edges of an incision together after a surgical procedure suture is also a verb you can suture a wound the materials used for a suture vary in composition and the choice of suture depends on factors such as type of surgery the location of the incision and the desired outcome of the wound healing process pre-operative is a term that refers to the period before surgery when medical professionals conduct assessments prepare the patient and provide necessary information about the upcoming procedure this phase includes obtaining informed consent which we'll discuss in a moment conducting medical tests and ensuring the patient is physically and mentally ready for surgery postoperative encompasses the period after surgery focusing on the patients's recovery and the monitoring of any potential complications medical professionals closely observe patients in the postoperative phase providing necessary care pain management and guidance on postsurgical activities to promote a smooth and successful Rec recovery the operating room often referred to as the o or is a specially designed and sterile environment where surgical procedures take place equipped with Advanced Medical Technology the operating room provides surgeons with the necessary tools and resources to perform surgeries safely and efficiently on the other hand we have the recovery room this is the designated space where patients awaken from the effects of anesthesia after surgery in this area medical professionals closely monitor patients as they regain Consciousness ensuring a smooth transition from the surgical environment and addressing any immediate post-operative needs informed consent is a formal agreement given by the patient after understanding the details risks and benefits of a proposed surgical procedure it is a crucial ethical and legal aspect of Medical Practice ensuring that patients are well informed and actively participate in decisions regarding their healthare our next term is hemostasis this is the physiological process of stopping bleeding or controlling bleeding flow during surgery surgeons employ various techniques such as suit futes cauterization and the use of hemostatic agents to achieve hemostasis and prevent excessive bleeding promoting a safe and successful surgical outcome if you are a medical professional learning English or perhaps you're just curious in the topic you should head over to my channel learning English Pro where I have lots and lots of medical vocabularies waiting for you and I have lots of them linked on screen and Linked In the video description below so check those out after the video and really boost your medical English vocabulary now it's time to take the vocabulary we've just learned and make some really great English phrases for them I'll say each sentence twice and give you a chance to say it after me don't worry if you fall behind just press pause let's start with our first phrase I understand the risks and give my informed consent for the surgery listen to the sentence again and then repeat after me I understand the risks and give my informed consent for the surgery okay let's move on to our next sentence the anesthesiologist will discuss the type of anesthesia you'll receive the anesthesia ologist will discuss the type of anesthesia you'll [Music] receive the surgeon will make an incision in this area repeat after me the surgeon will make an incision in this [Music] area our next sentence is the operation will will take place in the operating room the operation will take place in the operating room you'll be under general anesthesia during the surgery you'll be under general anesthesia during the surgery please please prepare the patient for surgery in the preoperative area please prepare the patient for surgery in the preoperative area the incision site will be cleaned and sterilized before the procedure repeat after me the incision site will be cleaned and sterilized before the procedure [Music] the nurse will assist in suturing the wound post surgery the nurse will assist in suturing the wound post [Music] surgery the recovery room is where you'll wake up after the operation repeat after me the recovery room is where you'll wake up after the operation the surgeon will ensure proper hemostasis to control bleeding during the procedure the surgeon will ensure proper hemostasis to control bleeding during the procedure today we're delving into the diverse world of medical procedures exploring various types of surgeries now a word of warning in this lesson you will see scenes of surgeries and human anatomy some scenes are not for the squeamish so please bear that in mind as we embark on our lesson so let's get started and this promises to be quite a difficult lesson for English pronunciation so we're going to take some of the words quite slowly laparoscopy is our first type of surgery this is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves making small incisions in the abdomen to insert a camera and specialized tools this technique allows surgeons to view and operate on internal organs with less trauma and a faster recovery time compared to traditional open surgery so let's try this word one more time laparoscopy a costectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder commonly performed to treat gall stones or other gallbladder related conditions the procedure can be done through traditional open surgery or with laparoscopy let's check our pronunciation one more time cystectomy our next surgery type is a bit easier to pronounce vascular surgery this focuses on treating conditions affecting the blood vessels such as arteries and veins surgeons in this field address issues like aneurysms blockages and Vascular malformations employing both open and minimally invasive techniques vascular surgery our next term is appendectomy this is the surgical removal of the appendix often necessary when it becomes inflamed or infected a condition known as appendicitis this procedure is typically performed urgently to prevent complications repeat after me appendectomy a hysterctomy involves the surgical removal of the uceris and sometimes the cervix this procedure is performed for various reasons including treating conditions such as urine cancer fibroids or severe endometriosis hysterectomy and our next surgery type is endoscopy endoscopy is a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure that uses a flexible tube with a light and camera to visualize the interior of organs or cavities it is valuable for detecting abnormalities and Performing minimally invasive interventions endoscopy a hysteroscopy is a procedure that involves the insertion of a thin lighted tube into the uterus to examine and treat conditions affecting the urine lining such as abnormal bleeding or pops repeat after me hysteroscopy our next surgery type is gastric bypass surgery this is a weight loss procedure that involves re-rooting the digestive system to create a smaller stomach pouch this restricts the amount of food intake and promotes weight loss often recommended for indiv individuals with severe obesity gastric bypass surgery kerak surgery is a common procedure to remove a cloudy lens from the eye and replace it with an artificial lens this surgery improves vision and is often performed as an outpatient procedure cerak surgery let's move on to to coronary artery bypass surgery this is a cardiac procedure that addresses blocked or narrowed coronary arteries surgeons use graphs to create new Pathways for blood flow restoring blood supply to the heart muscle coronary artery bypass surgery a hip replacement involves replacing a damaged or diseased hip hip joint with an artificial implant this surgical intervention is common for individuals experiencing hip arthritis or severe joint damage hip replacement a tonsilectomy is the surgical removal of the tonsils often performed to address recurrent tonsilitis or other throat related issues ises the procedure is more common in children but can be performed at any age repeat after me tonsilectomy our next surgical term is a bit tricky koted indar tectomy this is a surgical procedure to remove plaque or blockages from the cored archeries which Supply blood to the brain this helps prevent vent Strokes to improve blood flow koted indar tectomy a cesarian section or C-section is a surgical delivery method in which a baby is delivered through an incision made in the mother's abdominal and urine walls it is performed when a vaginal delivery poses a risk to the mother or baby cesarian section or C-section a breast biopsy is a diagnostic procedure involving the removal of a sample of breast tissue for examination it helps in determining the presence of cancer or other breast abnormalities breast biopsy fancy learning English like a pro and test in your Advanced English skills well head over to the community tab on my page and test yourself in the learning English Pro Advanced English quiz every day you can test your English vocabulary knowledge with a tricky question and in the community tab you'll also see lots of additional learning English Pro learning content cystoscopy is a procedure that involves using a tin tube with a camera to exam examine the interior of the bladder and urethra it aids in diagnosing and treating various urinary tract conditions repeat after me cystoscopy broncoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows the visualization of the Airways and lungs using a thin flexible tube with a light in camera it is used to detect and treat respiratory conditions bronchoscopy our next surgical term is probably the longest word I've ever encountered doing learning English Pro videos but if you break it down bit by bit it's actually quite easy to say let's try it slowly first esophago gastro duodenoscopy let's do it one more time esophagal gastro duodenoscopy it can also be shortened to EGD which is probably a better way to go about it EGD is a procedure that involves the insertion of a flexible tube into the esophagus stomach and geodome it is commonly used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract so let's try that big long word one more time esophago gastro duodenoscopy a radical masectomy is an extensive surgical procedure for breast cancer involving the removal of the entire breast underlying chest muscles and lymph nodes modern approaches often favor less invasive techniques when appropriate radical masectomy a visectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization involving the cutting or sealing of the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles this results in the prevention of sperm from reaching semen making a man unable to father children vasectomies are a safe and effective method of permanent contraception and are done as an outpatient procedure visectomy and that wraps up our English master class on medical terms and phrases well done if you stuck out through the entire video you've learned a tremendous amount of medical English by watching this video make sure to share it with friends and colleagues who might benefit from watching these lessons and don't forget to subscribe to learning English Pro I publish new medical English lessons all the time on screen you'll see a link for a playlist for more medical English and there's also a link for my video on Hospital vocabulary it's really useful thank you so much for joining me for this Master Class part two will be coming very very soon have a fantastic day and remember keep learning English like a pro