Medication Management in Institutional Pharmacies

Overview

• Medication Order: A communication tool among healthcare team members containing:
  • Patient information
  • Medication details
  • Prescriber signature
• Types of Orders:
  • Standing Orders: Medication at specific intervals daily.
  • PRN Orders: Medication as needed.
  • Stat Orders: Immediate medication.
  • Emergency Orders: For medical emergencies.
  • Investigational Orders: Used in research programs.

Role of Pharmacy Technicians

• Process medication orders ensuring accurate handling and dispensing.
• Methods of order receipt:
  • Pneumatic tubes
  • Delivery
  • Hand delivery by hospital staff
  • Fax
  • Electronically via CPOE

Order Verification

• Orders are screened by pharmacists for:
  • Correct entry
  • Potential interactions
  • Allergies
  • Drug utilization review
  • Formulary utilization

Medication Preparation

• Tasks include:
  • Counting medications
  • Matching lot and UPC numbers
  • Checking expiration dates

Dispensing Systems

• Floor Stock System:
  • Medications readily available on each floor.
  • Stocked by technicians, checked by pharmacists.
  • Quick access but requires inventory and billing management.
• Patient Prescription Stock System:
  • 3-day supply dispensed after pharmacist verification.
  • Allows regular access but less efficient.
  • Potential for medication wastage.
• Unit Dose System:
  • Medications individually packaged for each dose.
  • Supplies no more than a 24-hour quantity.
  • Minimizes errors, reduces waste, precise tracking.

Technological Integration

• Medical Information Systems: Facilitate communication.
• Automated Dispensing Cabinets:
  • Brands like Pyxis and Omnicell.
  • Enhance efficiency and accuracy.
• Tech Check Tech Programs: One technician verifies another's work under regulations.

Pharmacist Role

• Conduct thorough reviews ensuring:
  • Accuracy
  • Adherence to protocols
• Work closely with pharmacy technicians and healthcare professionals to ensure timely medication delivery.