Overview
This lecture explains the key differences between quantitative and qualitative research, when to use each, and provides examples and data collection methods for both.
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research
- Quantitative research tests hypotheses using data expressed as numbers and graphs.
- Quantitative research requires a large sample size for statistical analysis.
- Qualitative research helps formulate hypotheses with data expressed in words, needing fewer participants.
- Qualitative data is analyzed by summarizing, categorizing, and interpreting responses.
When to Use Each Approach
- Use quantitative research to confirm or test a theory or hypothesis.
- Use qualitative research to understand or explore ideas in depth.
- A mixed method approach combines both, providing comprehensive insights.
Example: Student Satisfaction
- Quantitative: Survey 300 students with ratings (e.g., “Rate your professors from 1 to 5”) and analyze results statistically.
- Qualitative: Interview 15 students with open-ended questions, transcribe, and look for recurring themes (e.g., desire for more one-on-one guidance).
- Mixed method: Combine both by conducting interviews for insights, then surveys for broader testing, or vice versa.
Data Collection Methods
- Quantitative data can be gathered through surveys, experiments, or observations.
- Qualitative data can be collected via interviews, focus groups, case studies, or literature reviews.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Quantitative Research — research using numerical data and statistical analysis to test hypotheses.
- Qualitative Research — research using non-numerical data to explore or understand concepts or experiences.
- Mixed Method — an approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods.